Deck 8: Gender and Family Relations

Question 1

Demonstrate how motherhood and fatherhood in the United States are products of gender role socialization. What are the consequences of this for both parents as well as their children?

Answer 1

No Answer.

Question 2

When combining race and gender, for those who work outside the home, which group has the lowest earnings?

A) white females
B) black females
C) white males
D) black males

Answer 2

B

Question 3

African-American women have achieved superiority over African-American men in terms of

A) education
B) occupation
C) both a and b
D) none of the above

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Overall, Hispanic families are characterized by all but which one of the following fundamental values and beliefs?

A) family relationships characterized by respect and honor
B) a strong adherence to matriarchal gender roles in the family
C) valuing the family's needs over individual needs
D) a strong connection to the Catholic church

Question 5

Which has the lowest income level of all Latino-American groups?

A) Puerto Rican
B) Cuban
C) Mexican
D) Central American

Question 6

Puerto Rican marriage and families are characterized by

A) emotional closeness between husband and wife
B) high educational achievement rates for women
C) high consensual union rates and fragile marriages
D) androgynous gender roles

Question 7

Recent research shows that Mexican American families are not as patriarchal as previously thought, and that there is a trend toward gender equity.

Question 8

Cuban Americans

A) believe daughters should be highly educated but also remain uncorrupted and sequestered
B) are economically weaker than other Latino subgroups
C) tend to have more children than other Latino subgroups
D) all of the above

Question 9

In the United States, immigration accounts for the increase in this fastest-growing minority group.

A) African Americans
B) Mexican Americans
C) Asian Americans
D) Native Americans

Question 10

Which of the following minority groups has higher rates of poverty?

A) African Americans
B) Mexican Americans
C) Asian Americans
D) Native Americans

Question 11

Who are more likely to adjust better after divorce?

A) men and women who are more traditional in their gender roles
B) women with young children
C) women and men who are less traditional in their gender roles
D) men and women who attribute the cause of divorce to themselves

Question 12

No-fault divorce

A) usually means property is divided equally
B) now represents the largest majority of all divorces in the U.S.
C) is likely to put women in financial hardship compared to men
D) all of the above

Question 13

The two factors that most consistently predict divorce are

A) race and ethnicity
B) religion and social class
C) age and social class
D) age and educational level

Question 14

Custody revisionists are challenging maternal preference for child custody by arguing that

A) women are the privileged ones in divorce
B) fathers are more economically capable of supporting a child
C) earning a living by the mother means she cannot be with young children so a father who remarries can have a full-time caretaker
D) all of the above

Question 15

All but which one of the following is true concerning joint custody?

A) Women with joint custody are under much less financial risk than if they gained sole custody.
B) Fathers with joint custody are more involved in their children's lives.
C) For husbands and wives with joint custody, sharing in decision making about the children increases.
D) Fathers with joint custody are less likely than mothers with joint custody to be available for coparenting.

Question 16

Both gay men and lesbian couples

A) are more egalitarian than heterosexual couples
B) are more egalitarian than heterosexual couples in housework, but less egalitarian in child rearing
C) usually have one partner in the dominant or masculine role and one in the passive or feminine role
D) all of the above

Question 17

Lesbian couples are more likely than gay male couples to emphasize __________ in their intimate relationships.

A) sexual prowess
B) emotional commitment and peer-friendship bonds
C) traditional gender roles
D) none of the above

Question 18

The "motherhood mandate" suggests that women should be employed outside the home in order to care for her children economically.

Question 19

Research indicates that, while being gay may not be compatible with traditional marriage, it is compatible with

A) a reversal of gender roles
B) domination of other men
C) fathering
D) all of the above

Question 20

Single-parent mothers

A) are more likely to be in poverty than single-parent fathers
B) have continued to decrease in number during the last two decades
C) experience less stress and have higher levels of self-esteem than married mothers
D) all of the above

Question 21

Single-parent households headed by men

A) now represent almost one-half of all single-parent households
B) rely extensively on outside help for household tasks
C) are better educated and have a higher level of employment and income than single-parent households headed by women
D) all of the above

Question 22

Which has contributed to the feminization of poverty?

A) the tendency for women to be in lower paying jobs
B) the increased number of female-headed households
C) the failure of fathers to pay court-ordered child support
D) all of the above

Question 23

Coparenting refers to

A) gay couples sharing parenting of the biological child of one of the partners
B) joint custody arrangements between divorced couples
C) dual-earner couples sharing breadwinning and child care activities
D) neighborhood families taking responsibility for each other's children

Question 24

Using research examples, argue for or against the idea that day care is harmful to children of dual-earner parents.

Question 25

The largest minority group in the United States is Latino.

Question 26

What are the benefits and costs of fictive kin for African-American families? Which theoretical perspective offers support for a strong fictive kin network in these families? Justify your response.

Question 27

When Asian children become more Americanized, intergenerational conflict usually decreases.

Question 28

Compare the consequences of divorce on men and women. In this discussion demonstrate how the children are impacted by the custody arrangements.

Question 29

Christianity accompanied colonialism in the New World, drastically altering ancient Native American tribal patterns.

Question 30

What are the gender role similarities and differences between homosexual (gay men and lesbian) couples and heterosexual couples?

Question 31

Research shows that mothers are more likely than fathers to be hoverers and that mothers of _______ do most of the hovering.

A) daughters
B) sons

Question 32

The most accurate description of the modern marriage pattern found in United States is

A) monogamy
B) polygamy
C) serial monogamy
D) polygyny

Question 33

Men who adjust emotionally after divorce are likely to be connected to a new partner.

Question 34

Describe the key differences between single-parent households headed by men and those headed by women. How have gender roles impacted the way these households are structured?

Question 35

Study on the transition to parenthood has suggested two themes. These are that parenthood is

A) a crisis and a normal developmental stage
B) a normal developmental stage and a period of marked improvement in marital communication
C) a crisis and a period of marked improvement in marital communication
D) a period of more nontraditional gender roles and a period of marked decrease in marital tension

Question 36

The motherhood mystique

A) coincides with the motherhood mandate
B) is a glorification of the role of mother
C) assumes mothers take a lot of credit for their children's accomplishments
D) all of the above

Question 37

Functionalism argues that the motherhood mandate is essential because

A) mothers are the primary socializers of children
B) it is necessary for smooth family functioning
C) without it, society may be compromised
D) all of the above

Question 38

Conflict theory argues that the motherhood mandate

A) contributes to a woman's powerlessness both inside and outside the family
B) places women in a position of authority over both her husband and her children
C) increases a woman's sense of self worth
D) increases a woman's power at home, but decreases her power outside the home

Question 39

For nontraditional women and those who identify with feminism, all but which one of the following is true?

A) They desire smaller families.
B) They are less interested in having children.
C) They believe motherhood offers opportunities for active mastery and assertiveness.
D) They see no benefits to motherhood.

Question 40

Compared to mothers, fathers are more likely to

A) engage in the ongoing physical upkeep of their children
B) engage in recreational activities with their children
C) ignore gender when delegating chores and privileges
D) spend a greater portion of their day with their children

Question 41

In interactions with their children, fathers

A) direct less attention to their sons than their daughters
B) expect their adolescent sons to conform to gender roles more than their adolescent daughters
C) engage in more play behavior with their daughters than their sons
D) all of the above

Question 42

College age students are

A) referred to as the millennial generation
B) are likely to have "helicopter parents"
C) are more likely to have hovering moms than hovering dads
D) all of the above

Question 43

Voluntarily childless women

A) are more likely to be unhappy in their marriages
B) often take on other child-related responsibilities
C) tend to have lower incomes
D) tend to live in rural areas

Question 44

The normative family in the United States today is

A) the stay-at-home mother and breadwinner father
B) the extended family
C) the dual-earner family
D) the traditional nuclear family

Question 45

During World War II,

A) mothers were encouraged to stay home and care for their families
B) mothers were encouraged to work in defense plants
C) young women were encouraged to further their education
D) young women were encouraged to delay marriage

Question 46

In summarizing research on surrogate child care, it is shown that

A) surrogate child care is not a risk factor in child development
B) problems occur if child care is of poor quality
C) the child's prosocial development can be enhanced through high quality child care
D) all of the above

Question 47

In summarizing the research on the effect of maternal employment on adolescents, it is shown that

A) adolescents from dual-career families appreciate their mother's working
B) adolescents from dual-career families have more traditional gender role expectations than those from single-earner homes
C) adolescents report feelings of alienation and lack of closeness with parents
D) all of the above

Question 48

Data from 1910 through today indicate that African-American (compared to European American) families are

A) more likely to be nuclear and headed by men
B) more likely to have children later in the marriage
C) marked by higher divorce rates
D) all of the above

Question 49

For African-American families,

A) most married women prefer to be housewives rather than work outside the home
B) most children will live at least part of their lives in a female-headed household
C) the majority are voluntarily childless
D) all of the above

Question 50

In the African-American family, research indicates all but which one of the following is true?

A) Husbands do not accommodate themselves to the needs of their employed wives.
B) Employment of wives is integral and normative.
C) Husbands expect that the roles of wife and mother and wage earner are not exclusive.
D) Husbands take more responsibility for domestic tasks.