Deck 3: Gender and Stratification

Question 1

Historically, men were supposed to focus their lives on producing an income and participating in public life.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Traditional gender norms refer to expectations that women and men should balance their reproductive and productive tasks.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Historically, many men opposed allowances for women, because they give wives more independence.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Gender norms are becoming more egalitarian and both men and women are increasingly evaluated based on ascription.

Question 5

Not only is employment the key to improving life chances, paid work outside the home constitutes a fundamental rejection of traditional gender norms.

Question 6

The higher the rates of women's labor force participation, the higher the rate of divorce.

Question 7

Occupational segregation of women and men remains high.

Question 8

Occupational segregation of women and men is declining.

Question 9

In comparison to other industrialized nations, the United States displays a high level of occupational segregation.

Question 10

Despite traditional gender norms:

A) some women have always worked for pay.
B) men continue to seek positions of authority.
C) women continue to be objectified in the media.
D) interest rates are stilled tied to inflation rates.
E) premarital sexual contact is still uncommon.

Question 11

Most analyses of gender inequality find that although much has changed:

A) women's attitudes toward sex have remained the same.
B) women's attitudes toward work have remained the same.
C) men now experience gender discrimination frequently.
D) much remains the same.
E) premarital sexual contact is still uncommon.

Question 12

The term ______________ refers to expectations that both women and men should balance their reproductive and productive tasks:

A) egalitarian reciprocity
B) egalitarian gender norms
C) traditional gender norms
D) gender skepticism
E) discrepant expectations

Question 13

Married women's labor force participation rate:

A) Has declined steadily since 1890
B) Has varied in the form of a bell-shaped curve
C) Has increased steadily since 1890
D) Is irrelevant to the salience of gender norms
E) Is only relevant to husbands

Question 14

Today, higher proportions of women are able to ___________, because they enjoy more economic independence.

A) subjugate men
B) end their marriages
C) win the lottery
D) exit from civic activities
E) choose to date other women

Question 15

Occupational segregation of men and women

A) Has increased steadily over the last 25 years
B) Has declined over the last 25 years but remains pervasive
C) Remains irrelevant
D) Is a figment of Dr. Beeghley's imagination
E) Helps women and men find their true vocations

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true:

A) At every skill level, men earn significantly more than women
B) In the higher prestige jobs, there is little difference between men's and women's income
C) In the lower prestige jobs, there is little difference between men's and women's income
D) For men, increasing skill means more income, but for women, increasing skill means less income
E) The increasing proportion of women in an occupation, the higher its occupational prestige.

Question 17

Authority refers to the legitimate exercise of power.

Question 18

Traditional gender norms prevent women from being victimized.

Question 19

The consequences of sexual harassment are actually minimal.

Question 20

Data show that a significant proportion of all women are victimized by one of the following: sexual harassment, rape, wife abuse, or child sexual abuse.

Question 21

In large companies, ___________ corporate officers at any level are women.

A) about half of all
B) about three-fifths of all
C) most
D) few
E) the best

Question 22

Sexual harassment:

A) Is not very serious
B) Hardly ever occurs
C) Has become a less serious problem in the last five years
D) Occurs rather often
E) Varies in the form of a bell-shaped curve

Question 23

Which of the following does not involve the assertion of power by men over women:

A) Sexual harassment.
B) Rape.
C) Wife abuse.
D) Child sexual abuse.
E) Midwifery.

Question 24

_____________ occurs when a person pressures another for sexual cooperation as a condition of employment or when an intimidating or hostile environment is created in the workplace.

A) Rape
B) Post-traumatic stress disorder
C) Traditional authority
D) Courtship
E) Sexual Harassment

Question 25

Abused women have less ____________ over time.

A) sexual dysfunction
B) occupational or economic success
C) children
D) chance of being raped
E) health problems

Question 26

The term __________ refers to an ideology and a social movement emphasizing that women and men should be equal.

A) traditional gender norms
B) gender equality
C) feminism
D) relativity
E) occupational equity

Question 27

Human capital refers to the study of capitalism in its human dimension.

Question 28

Many companies have found ways to circumvent federal laws that prohibit unfair or unequal treatment of women in the labor force.

Question 29

Individual women's level of achievement usually reflects a combination of choice and discrimination.

Question 30

The human capital hypothesis states that:

A) men are more likely to have low skills than women.
B) the fewer the skills people have and the lower the priority employment has versus other activities, the lower their income.
C) the higher the wages, the less chance one has to become unemployed.
D) the more capital people possess, the richer they usually are.
E) the fewer people who enter the professions, the greater the income of those in the professions.

Question 31

Discrimination against women first starts:

A) in grade school.
B) in high school.
C) at the workplace.
D) when girls start dating.
E) at home.

Question 32

Gender inequality has declined over time.

Question 33

Industrialization really had little effect on gender inequality.

Question 34

Women's increased labor force participation lead to an increase in gender inequality

Question 35

Advances in medical technology created new choices for women.

Question 36

The denial of civil rights to women was justified as "protective legislation."

Question 37

Gender inequality continues to be significant in the United States.

Question 38

A significant minority of women does not work for pay.

Question 39

Today, most employed wives earn about as much as their husbands.

Question 40

Institutionalized discrimination is a problem for minorities, but not women

Question 41

The Gender Hypothesis states that women _________ have fewer and less effective choices than do men.

A) biologically
B) do not
C) at every class level
D) at lower class levels
E) at higher class levels

Question 42

The decline of gender inequality reflects all but which of the following?

A) Industrialization.
B) Female labor force participation.
C) Advances in medical technology.
D) Attitudinal changes among men.
E) The rise of feminism.

Question 43

The rise of industrialization, and the increased need for white collar workers, meant that women could compete with men for jobs because:

A) brain power supplanted muscle power.
B) sexual harassment became less common.
C) women are better at white collar jobs.
D) women were no longer needed to raise children.
E) education became more important than ever.

Question 44

Advances in medical technology lead to a decline in gender inequality by providing women the opportunity to:

A) become doctors.
B) have longer life expectancies than men.
C) demonstrate that biological differences between the sexes are limited.
D) regulate whether and when to give birth.
E) take mind altering drugs legally.

Question 45

"Protective legislation" includes

A) protecting jobs from racial minorities.
B) "protection" of women and denial of their fertility rights.
C) creating opportunities for women to gain equal access to employment.
D) safeguarding citizens from legislative decisions.
E) laws enacted to protect children in abusive families.

Question 46

Feminism leads women to:

A) vote more frequently.
B) resist the authority of men, planning in some cases to overthrow male domination through the use of violence.
C) see themselves as individuals capable of doing more than bearing children.
D) engage in less premarital sex activity.
E) engage in more premarital sexual activity.

Question 47

The structural reasons for the continuation of gender inequality include:

A) the salience of traditional gender norms and institutionalized discrimination
B) industrialization and increasing female labor force participation
C) advances in medical technology and feminism
D) individual choice and discrimination
E) all of these

Question 48

The division of labor in the household:

A) is increasing
B) remains unequal but is declining
C) remains unchanged
D) cannot be measured accurately
E) is irrelevant to gender inequality

Question 49

A skewed gender ratio:

A) leads to greater the discrimination.
B) increases the pool of potential mates for women.
C) indicates that women are more productive.
D) indicates that women are less productive.
E) increases the feelings of loneliness among men.

Question 50

Because there are so few of them in higher paying jobs, women are highly visible to peers and supervisors, which creates situations where:

A) one's mistakes cannot be hidden.
B) women find it difficult to interact with each other.
C) they are singled out for promotion.
D) beauty is more important than substance.
E) gender differences become unimportant.

Question 51

Traditional gender norms and institutionalized discrimination:

A) is no longer prevalent in today's society.
B) has reversed, leaving men as the discriminated sex in the labor force.
C) preserves gender-based domination of women by men
D) allows society to function successfully.
E) is reinforced by feminist movements.