Deck 15: The Last Half of the Twentieth Century

Question 1

At the end of the twentieth century, there were more academic research psychologists than psychologists engaged in the professional practice of psychology.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

During the last half of the twentieth century, psychology became more international.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

At the beginning of the second half of the twentieth century, there were more male than female psychologists, but by the end of the century there were more women than men entering the field.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Meta-analysis is a relatively new version of psychoanalysis.

Question 5

"User friendliness" is a characteristic of computers and of manuals for computer use that make computers easier to utilize.

Question 6

Federal funding was increased during the middle of the twentieth century for research and training in gerontology, community mental health centers, and evaluation research.

Question 7

Use of the Rorschach test increased substantially during the second half of the twentieth century.

Question 8

More culture-free psychological tests were developed during the second half of the twentieth century than during the first half.

Question 9

The computer played a central role in the emergence of cognitive psychology during the second half of the twentieth century.

Question 10

Behavioral medicine or health psychology is a relatively new specialty in which psychotherapy is used to enhance physical health.

Question 11

By the end of the twentieth century, there were more

A) practitioners of psychology than academic research psychologists
B) natural and social science research psychologists than practitioners of psychology
C) natural-science research psychologists than social-science practitioners of psychology
D) academic research psychologists than psychologists licensed for the practice of psychology

Question 12

During the second half of the twentieth century, psychology became more

A) international
B) user friendly
C) dominated by males
D) unified

Question 13

The effort to make psychology more diverse in personnel and subject matter included such issues as

A) all of these
B) sexual orientation
C) ethnicity
D) ageism and sexism

Question 14

The use of the Rorschach test by psychologists

A) decreased during the second half of the twentieth century
B) increased during the second half of the twentieth century because of encouraging results from empirical studies of its validity
C) remained about the same throughout the second half of the twentieth century
D) was enhanced by the strong correlations between scores on it and other validated measures of personality

Question 15

The relatively new field of psychopharmacology

A) concerns drugs and behavior
B) is largely based on psychoneuroimmunology
C) makes extensive use of brain scans
D) is a branch of psychosomatic medicine

Question 16

Health psychology

A) concerns life style and health
B) is a newer field than behavioral medicine
C) emerged from studies of biofeedback
D) concerns mainly brain scans and split brain research

Question 17

Training for the Psy.

A) all of these
B) concentrates more on practice than on research
C) includes more practitioner training than the typical university-based Ph. D. training program
D) is offered more frequently by free-standing graduate programs than by traditional university graduate programs

Question 18

By the end of the twentieth century,

A) all of these
B) some psychological journals were being published electronically
C) psychology had become a fragmented, sprawling endeavor
D) computers had spawned the new field of cognitive science

Question 19

The "research attitude" means asking about any assertion

A) both c and d
B) neither c nor d
C) whether it is true or not
D)how one could find out whether or not it is true

Question 20

Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of psychology at the end of the twentieth century?

A) unification
B) widespread use of the dispassionate empirical approach
C) feminization
D) internationalization

Question 21

How has the balance of academic and practicing psychologists changed during the last half of the twentieth century?

Question 22

What are some of the specialties in biopsychology and neuroscience that flourished during the second half of the twentieth century?

Question 23

Is the contrast between "left-brain functions" and "right-brain functions" useful?

Question 24

Describe the change in the dissemination of scientific knowledge toward the end of the twentieth century.

Question 25

What was the late-twentieth-century "revolution in the behavioral sciences?"

Question 26

What is the "research attitude?"

Question 27

What was the fate of the Rorschach test during the second half of the twentieth century?

Question 28

What are some of the newer specialties in biopsychology or neuroscience?

Question 29

What is the demonstrable economic consequence of including psychologists in a health care system?
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Answers to short answer questions for Chapter 15: The Last Half of the Twentieth Century

Question 30

Discuss the "feminization" of psychology and its effects on the field.

Question 31

In what ways has psychology begun to reflect the diversity of the cultures in which it is present?

Question 32

What are reliability and validity, how are they assessed, and why are they important?

Question 33

Briefly summarize the twentieth-century history of projective testing.

Question 34

What is a "culture-free" test, and how might one go about constructing one?

Question 35

What kinds of problems in cognitive science can computers help solve, and on what kinds do they run into difficulty?

Question 36

What is "learned helplessness," and how can it be experimentally induced?

Question 37

What are some of the life style variables that contribute to (or diminish) physical health?

Question 38

What is biofeedback, and how can it be used to enhance physical health?

Question 39

Compare the "scientific" and the "humanistic" approach to the solution of human problems.