Deck 3: Culture and Context

Question 1

Culture is a potential guide for what, which is created through generations of human experience

A) intellectual reactions
B) behavior
C) creativity
D) intellectual pursuits

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following approaches to culture focus on the complex sets of perceptions, conceptual designs, and shared beliefs and understandings that underlie the ways in which people live?

A) Adaptive
B) Ideational
C) Creative
D) Flexible

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Some archaeologists believe that ancient cultural behavior was driven by primarily impersonal processes, such as environmental change, population pressure, and technological and economic innovation. These scientists favor what sort of approach to the study of culture?

A) ideational
B) feedback
C) adaptive
D) total cultural

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Archaeologists have to work with what kind of remains of human activity that still survive in the ground?

A) preserved
B) rock
C) metallic
D) tangible

Question 5

Who argued that human culture is made up of many structurally different parts that articulate with one another within a total cultural system?

A) Tim White
B) Julian Steward
C) Lewis Binford
D) Leslie White

Question 6

A major objective of archaeology is to understand the linkage between cultural and environmental systems as they are reflected in

A) tools and vessels.
B) archaeological data.
C) internal feedback.
D) cultural resources.

Question 7

The systems approach also has value when archaeologists look at the ideas and beliefs behind an ancient culture. Researchers can discover more about the intangible aspects of human behavior by examining the systematic of archaeological finds of

A) patternings.
B) structure.
C) similarities.
D) context.

Question 8

Archaeologist Christopher Donnan found symbols suggesting that the buried lord was a warrior priest, interred in his full regalia, who had once presided over sacrifices of prisoners of war in his analysis of what element of pottery?

A) systematic patternings
B) cognitive code
C) painted motifs
D) cultural subsystems

Question 9

What do archaeologists use to attempt to consider all of the factors that cause changes in human culture and how these factors affect one another?

A) process
B) cultural process
C) archaeological context
D) anthropological placement

Question 10

Occuring slowly over time, most changes in human culture have been

A) additive.
B) slow.
C) cumulative.
D) traditional.

Question 11

The archaeologist has one primary and overriding priority: to preserve and conserve the material remains of the past for future generations. This is called

A) preservation.
B) conservation.
C) regeneration.
D) stewardship.

Question 12

Which is an approach to archaeology that assumes that artifacts can be used to build up generalized pictures of human culture in time and space, and that these pictures can be interpreted?

A) cultural ecology
B) culture history
C) energy ecology
D) artistic history

Question 13

Archaeologists use fragmentary animal bones, seeds, and similar surviving evidence to study

A) work.
B) hunting.
C) foraging.
D) subsistence.

Question 14

Archaeologists are increasingly concerned with social organization and religious beliefs that are known as

A) intangibles.
B) traditions.
C) folkways.
D) cultural practices.

Question 15

Which American archaeologist described archaeological data as being somewhat akin to an untranslated language that we have to decode if we are to understand human ancient behavior?

A) Tim White
B) Julian Steward
C) Lewis Binford
D) Leslie White

Question 16

What archaeological entity can be described as a place where traces of ancient human activity are found?

A) field
B) site
C) tableau
D) discipline

Question 17

Houses, hearths, storage pits, buried fields, workshop areas, drainage systems-all are examples of an archaeological site's

A) features.
B) ecofacts.
C) artifacts.
D) cultural remains.

Question 18

Stonehenge; the Temple of Amun at Karnak; and the lowland Maya centers at Tikal, Copán, and Palenque are noteworthy especially as what kinds of sites?

A) quarry
B) art
C) ceremonial and religious
D) burial

Question 19

Which are archaeological finds of cultural significance that were NOT manufactured by humans?

A) artifacts
B) lifeways
C) attributes
D) ecofacts

Question 20

The original position of an artifact in time and space gives archeologists what sort of context for them?

A) cultural
B) primary
C) environmental
D) secondary

Question 21

Explain what is meant by the statement "So far, no one has been able to dig up a religious philosophy or an unwritten language."

Question 22

Discuss what is meant by the term lifeways. How do archaeologists separate the study of artifacts from the study of human behavior?

Question 23

Explain how the archaeologist acts as a steward of the past.

Question 24

Explain the process that archaeologists use to construct culture history.

Question 25

Define context? Distinguish between primary context and secondary context.