Deck 12: Women in the Legal Profession

Question 1

The first woman to be officially recognized as a lawyer (in 1869) in the U.S. was:

A) Arabella Babb Mansfield.
B) "Miss Flora."
C) Nancy Grace.
D) Constance Baker Motley.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Becoming Gentlemen: Women's Experience at One Ivy League Law School was written by _____________ and colleagues.

A) Mona Harrington
B) Lani Guinier
C) Miryam de Mayolo
D) Nancy Grace

Answer 2

B

Question 3

According to research, female lawyers compared to male lawyers:

A) Often feel the need to define their professional roles.
B) Gravitate toward areas of the law where there is negotiation.
C) Emphasize winning as the ultimate value.
D) All except c

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Until the mid-_______, women were prohibited from attending law school.

A) 1700s
B) 1800s
C) 1900s
D) 1970s

Question 5

Research findings on female judges reveal that women on the bench:

A) Are more critical of biased testimony provided by women in the courtroom.
B) Increased in number to just under one-third of state judges as of 2020.
C) Are twice as likely as men to lose their tempers when presiding over a case.
D) All of the above

Question 6

In a boxed reading in the text, Jessa Nicholson Goetz defends her representation of men from the college campus who have been accused of raping women by arguing:

A) They are very likely innocent.
B) Under the U.S. constitution everyone has the right to equal protection under the law.
C) She is not a feminist.
D) She has a right to earn a living and she is forced to take such cases.

Question 7

Gender harassment may be defined as:

A) A form of harassment that has sexual connotations.
B) Harassment against male employees.
C) Entailing belittling a woman as a woman.
D) Harassment that is not against the law.

Question 8

Quid pro quo sexual harassment:

A) Implies a trade-off of sexual favors for job benefits.
B) Is restricted to law firms.
C) Is not sexual at all.
D) Implies same-sex harassment.

Question 9

Which of the following refers to the amount of business a member of a law firm can generate?

A) Alchemy
B) Rainmaking
C) ABA
D) Pro bono

Question 10

Race, class, and gender are not simply additive forces; they are:

A) Non-intersecting.
B) An example of rainmaking.
C) Synergistic.
D) An example of alchemy.

Question 11

The "once in a lifetime case" for which Brigida Benitez was honored concerned:

A) Affirmative action in higher education.
B) Immigrant rights.
C) Abortion.
D) The death penalty.

Question 12

Unlike most of the male justices on the Supreme Court, Sandra Day O'Connor and Ruth Ginsburg:

A) Drew on international law in their decision on the death penalty.
B) Were appointed by Democrats.
C) Sacrificed their family lives for their careers.
D) Were appointed to the top court early in their careers.

Question 13

In 2009, the woman who joined the U.S. Supreme Court and the first Latina to do so was:

A) Lani Guinier
B) Sandra Day O'Connor
C) Sonia Sotomayor
D) Miryam de Mayolo

Question 14

The following statement is true concerning women lawyers:

A) As of 2020, women lawyers' earnings came to equal men's.
B) In a survey cited in the text few female attorneys believed there is a "glass ceiling" for women's advancement in law firms.
C) Gender disparities in lawyers' pay are the most extreme in private practice.
D) All of the above.

Question 15

Arabella Babb Mansfield, the ______ woman to be officially recognized as a lawyer in the U.S., was admitted the Iowa State bar in 1869.

A) first
B) second
C) first foreign-born
D) first African American

Question 16

The passage of ___________ of the Higher Education act in 1972 was a landmark decision in terms of opening the doors to budding female attorneys.

A) Title IV
B) Title V
C) Title IX
D) Title X

Question 17

Following the Clarence Thomas-Anita Hill hearings:

A) Few women were willing to complain of harassment for several years.
B) Sexual harassment and discrimination claims filed with the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission increased considerably.
C) Clarence Thomas emerged as the loser.
D) Anita Hill resigned from her job as law school professor.

Question 18

Most criminal cases in the U.S. are resolved through:

A) Restorative justice conferencing.
B) Plea bargaining with the prosecutor.
C) A trial before the judge without a jury.
D) A full jury trial.

Question 19

The low public image of lawyers as dishonest and of low integrity is:

A) Pervasive.
B) Non-existent.
C) Moderate.
D) Illusory.

Question 20

In 2020 under the Trump administration ______________was appointed to the Supreme Court

A) Sandra Day O'Connor
B) Amy Coney Barrett
C) Sonia Sotomayor
D) Elena Kagan

Question 21

The following statement is true about the legal profession:

A) In 2020 around 30% of law school graduates are people of color (mostly women)
B) The average law school debt is $180,000 in 2020.
C) Most students go to law school on scholarship.
D) Lawyers earn high salaries and can easily pay off their debts, according to the ABA in a few years.
E) A and B above.

Question 22

The boxed reading by Kentucky personal injury attorney Flora T. Stuart describes:

A) The warm welcome she received as one of the first women at her law school.
B) How early in her career she got a nationally highlighted case of a woman on trial for a self-induced abortion.
C) Of her heartache in losing the abortion trial as her client was sentenced to prison.
D) How she regrets her decision today to go to law school.
E) All of the above.

Question 23

The proportion of women lawyers is smallest in China and India, where traditional sex roles remain very strong.

Question 24

In Latin America and Eastern Europe, the sex ratios in the legal profession are closer to equal than in the U.S..

Question 25

According to research presented in the text, female lawyers compared to male lawyers often feel the need to define their professional roles.

Question 26

From the early days in the founding of America women were welcome into the practice of law.

Question 27

In 2020 President Trump appointed to the Supreme Court Amy Coney Barrett.

Question 28

In Canada, in 2020, women are law school in around equal numbers to men, and in the United Kingdom, 38 percent of practicing barristers are women.

Question 29

In sexual harassment cases, typically the harasser flatters himself that the woman enjoys his attentions.

Question 30

Quid pro quo sexual harassment implies a trade-off of sexual favors for job benefits.

Question 31

Quid pro quo refers to the amount of business a member of a law firm can generate.

Question 32

Race, class, and gender are simply additive forces; they are non-intersecting.

Question 33

The members of the first generation of women lawyers tended to be white, upper-middle to upper-class, and the daughters or wives of lawyers, and they devoted all their energy to gaining the right to practice.

Question 34

Women make up one half of the legal profession in the U.S.

Question 35

The passage of Title IX of the Higher Education act in 1972 was a landmark decision in terms of opening the doors to aspiring female attorneys.

Question 36

The chapter on lawyers concludes by saying that activist women like minority groups in general will never win through acquiring the master's tools and trying to gain access to the power structure in this way.

Question 37

In the legal profession, to be a person of color, from a poor background, and a woman is to have three strikes against you from the start.

Question 38

The public image of lawyers in general, according to a Gallup poll, is of dedicated and honest men and women who pursue social justice.

Question 39

The roles of female lawyers in the movies gives an unrealistic impression of the everyday life of an attorney.

Question 40

Women are attracted to the legal profession for various reasons including to make a difference to society, to have a successful career with high status, and as a door into political office.

Question 41

To help compensate for their lack of connections, some female lawyers are forming clubs and their own bar associations.

Question 42

A study of newly elected or appointed judges described in the text showed that they experienced a sense of isolation, fear of appearing incompetent, and dismay over the unexpected realities of the job.

Question 43

As in other professions, women who are naturally aggressive and competitive may be considered bossy and unpleasant, yet successful lawyers are expected to possess these same characteristics which are usually found acceptable in a man.

Question 44

As shown in a Gallup poll taken on a sample of the general public, the legal profession by every measure has a poor reputation for integrity.

Question 45

The ABA stands for ______.

Question 46

The level of lawyer above solicitor in the UK is____________.

Question 47

The Latin term which implies a trade-off of sexual favors for job benefits is _____________.

Question 48

Gender harassment entails belittling a woman as a __________.

Question 49

__________ refers to the amount of business a member of a law firm can generate.

Question 50

Many women judges believe they are able to __________ more with victims than their male counterparts.

Question 51

The term used for the legal system under the Anglo-Saxon form of justice that goes back to Britain in the Middle Ages is known as the ____________system.

Question 52

Women make up just over _______ of the legal profession but their numbers are growing.

Question 53

Born in 1933,_____________ represented male plaintiffs to show gender discrimination affects everyone and was able in this way to overturn discriminatory laws.

Question 54

The passage of Title __ of the Higher Education Act in 1972 was a landmark decision in terms of opening the doors to budding female attorneys.

Question 55

Match the term with the appropriate definition.
-Adversary system

A) Voices of women prominently heard here
B) Title IX
C) Belittling a woman as a woman
D) Trial by combat

Question 56

Match the term with the appropriate definition.
-Gender harassment

A) Voices of women prominently heard here
B) Title IX
C) Belittling a woman as a woman
D) Trial by combat

Question 57

Match the term with the appropriate definition.
-EEOC

A) Voices of women prominently heard here
B) Title IX
C) Belittling a woman as a woman
D) Trial by combat

Question 58

Match the term with the appropriate definition.
-Law school

A) Voices of women prominently heard here
B) Title IX
C) Belittling a woman as a woman
D) Trial by combat

Question 59

List and explain potential stumbling blocks for women in the legal profession. How many of these challenges are also faced by men, and to what extent, in comparison with women?

Question 60

Describe the prevalence of sexual harassment for female lawyers. What forms does it take?

Question 61

What is the impact of women on the bench? How does gender influence (and how is it perceived to influence) their professional conduct?

Question 62

Discuss race, class, and gender as synergistic forces with an impact on women's advancement in the law.

Question 63

Explain how the relentless work ethic of law uniquely affects women and can hinder their careers.