Deck 13: Future Challenges and Concerns

Question 1

Factors affecting police future development include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) expansion of the police mission
B) looking for ways to be more proactive
C) strategy development based upon data analysis, technology, and analytical projection
D) increased stability in police-community relationships

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Research on the use of force has identified all of the following as determinants of police violence EXCEPT:

A) police/citizen interactions are voluntary, public, and time-consuming
B) police cannot choose the time and place where they perform their services
C) police must deal with both the shock and substance of citizen problems as they occur
D) many individuals who come to their attention do not seek or welcome it

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A factor that leads well-meaning police officers to make bad use-of-force decisions has been identified by Fyfe (2015) as the:

A) fear factor
B) overtraining impact
C) split-second syndrome
D) contagion impact

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Adams reached the following conclusion about police actual use of force.

A) Police use force frequently.
B) Police use of force typically occurs at the higher end of the force spectrum.
C) A small proportion of officers are disproportionately involved in use-of-force incidents.
D) Incidences of wrongful use of force by police are recorded and known.

Question 5

As a result of the ___________________ U.S. Supreme Court decision, departments issued policies directing officers to create a buffer zone of 21 feet when faced with potential danger any time a person within this area is armed with a knife.

A) Graham v. Connor
B) Tennessee v. Garner
C) Colorado v. Spring
D) New York. v. Acevedo

Question 6

PERF's 30 Principles on the Use of Force include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Police use of force must meet the test of proportionality
B) Shooting at vehicles must be prohibited
C) Training academy content and culture must reflect community values
D) De-escalation should be a core theme of an agency's training program

Question 7

Research has revealed the following about the use of Tasers:

A) They are more likely to be used in response to physical resistance
B) Police are more likely to use on white male suspects
C) They are more likely to be used in response to verbal resistance
D) They are more likely to be used when the officer is threatened with a weapon

Question 8

In 2015, the IACP's national summit on police-community relations outlined a series of strategies by which law enforcement executives can build trust in their communities, which include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) begin to redefine policing in a 21st-century democratic society utilizing shared definitions of roles, responsibilities, and priorities
B) strengthen and/or rebuild the capacity of police agencies to develop legitimate, sustainable relationships with their communities
C) develop crime management technology and department capability to focus on serious violent crime
D) implement meaningful ways to define and measure success in community-police relationships as a community

Question 9

The Department of Justice's Principles of Good Policing include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Police departments should preserve and advance the principles of democracy.
B) The police should believe that enforcement of the law is its number-one operational priority.
C) The police should place its highest value on the preservation of human life.
D) Police departments should maintain the highest standards of integrity.

Question 10

A police department's establishment of a clear set of values that articulates what it believes in accomplishes all of the following EXCEPT:

A) provides a foundation upon which to guide itself
B) provides a means for the community to access it
C) provides a means for the community to understand police strategies
D) sets a foundation for rigid managerial control and direction

Question 11

According to the text, all of the following are true regarding police legitimacy EXCEPT:

A) Voluntary citizen support and cooperation with police is linked to the ability of police to control violent crime and convict criminals.
B) For the police to be effective in their order-maintenance role, they need the public's support and cooperation.
C) Judgments about police legitimacy affect citizen support and cooperation.
D) A key antecedent of public judgments about police legitimacy involves public assessments of the manner in which police exercise their authority.

Question 12

_______________ is/are concerned with the officer's use of rational, neutral, and transparent decision making.

A) Crime control
B) Crime prevention
C) Procedural justice
D) Operational tactics

Question 13

A major implementation factor in promoting a culture of respect within the department is:

A) strategy development
B) discipline
C) communication
D) community policing

Question 14

Actors whose views can significantly impact the police organization are identified as:

A) team commanders
B) sovereigns
C) middle managers
D) supervisors

Question 15

The implementation guide for the President's Task Force on 21st Century Policing recommends all of the following EXCEPT:

A) change the culture of policing
B) embrace strategic management as a philosophy and way of doing business
C) ensure fair and impartial policing
D) build community capital

Question 16

The National Institute of Justice suggests that police leaders facing budgetary cutbacks should do all of the following EXCEPT:

A) think long-term
B) focus on ways to cut cost
C) focus on what is kept rather than on what has been cut
D) allocate budget dollars for top goals

Question 17

According to the text, millennials have attributes that include:

A) intolerance of older officers
B) difficulty with technology
C) challenging the traditional chain of command
D) resentment of ongoing performance feedback

Question 18

All of the following EXCEPT ___________________ are aspects of procedural justice identified by Blader and Tyler (2003) that affect employees.

A) the manner in which decisions are made in an unbiased manner
B) fair treatment in evaluations
C) the need for the quick and direct use of discipline
D) the need to feel included and group importance

Question 19

In police organizations that have become learning organizations, all of the following takes place EXCEPT:

A) systematic problem solving
B) experimentation with new approaches
C) transferring of intelligence quickly and efficiently through the department
D) engaging in communication controlled by the chain of command

Question 20

Research experiments on body-worn cameras (BWCs) reported all the following results EXCEPT:

A) They reduced police use-of-force and citizen complaints.
B) They were most effective when officers kept them on the entire shift.
C) One study reported an increase in assaults against officers wearing the camera.
D) They resulted in declining crime rates.

Question 21

According to the text, controversy involving the use of force and perceived mistreatment of minorities are the major issues threatening police-community relationships today.

Question 22

According to the text, chief executives should continually review their department's use-of-force policies to ensure that they conform to community needs and that they hold personnel properly accountable as new issues are identified.

Question 23

The President's Task Force on 21st Century Policing suggested that the police can build trust and legitimacy in the eyes of citizens by embracing a warrior crime fighter culture.

Question 24

Police administrators have more control over how their officers treat citizens than they have over crime.

Question 25

The ability of a police department to redirect and use its resources and assets is determined by the budget of the political subdivision in which it serves.

Question 26

Strategic policing is a continuing process of enhancing the effectiveness of a police department through its use of the latest information and analysis techniques to develop targeted innovative strategies to address public safety issues.

Question 27

Research confirmed that officers should have control over when body-worn cameras (BWCs) are turned on.

Question 28

The legitimacy of the police is linked to public judgments about fairness and morality.

Question 29

Sovereigns are actors whose views can significantly impact the police organization.

Question 30

Authentic leaders are guided by a set of values based upon "what is right and fair" for both themselves and organizational personnel.

Question 31

It is recommended that less-than-lethal-force weapons (CEDs and Tasers) only be used as possible response alternatives to active threats of resistance.

Question 32

Police departments have mandated pursuits be terminated when the risks to all outweigh the benefits.

Question 33

Discuss the research findings on the use of deadly force in light of Fyfe's (2015) conclusions on the "split-second syndrome."

Question 34

What are the issues surrounding the "Ferguson Effect"? What do the research findings on it mean?

Question 35

Review Lawrence Sherman's (1998) recommendation on evidence-based practices and how they can influence policing.

Question 36

Review the three "Principles of Good Policing" recommended by the President's Task Force on 21st Century Policing, and select and defend your choice of the most important one.

Question 37

What are the issues identified regarding the recruitment and retention of millennials for policing?