Deck 3: Globalization and Urbanization in the Less-Developed World

Question 1

Today, __________ percent of the world's urban dwellers live in the cities of the less-developed world.

A) 36
B) 46
C) 56
D) 66

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Stage __________ of the demographic transition is a period of transitional growth.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In Stage __________ of the demographic transition, societies have low and stable death rates and low but unstable birth rates.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The text makes a number of observations about urbanization in less-developed countries. Which of the following is NOT one of these observations?

A) The rate of natural increase and the magnitude of rural to urban migration are much lower today than in the past.
B) In LDCs, high rates of natural increase in both urban and rural areas have kept the ratio of population to arable land high.
C) Unlike MDCs, innovation and technology in LDCs is imported and diffuses rapidly throughout the society.
D) In MDCs when rural to urban migration threatened to overwhelm the cities, there was a safety valve: emigration.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT one of the patterns of urbanization that can be identified in LDCs?

A) Type 1 - in Latin America
B) Type 3 - in sub-Saharan nations
C) Type 4 - in India, China, and Pakistan
D) Type 5 - in Saudi Arabia

Question 6

Primacy is measured by comparing

A) the populations of the four largest cities.
B) the population of the largest city with that of the second-largest city.
C) the populations of all cities within a certain metropolitan zone.
D) urban versus rural populations.

Question 7

The text observes that there are four distinct patterns associated with the premodern city. Which of the following is NOT one of these patterns?

A) compact and densely settled
B) segregation into precincts based on tribe, caste, or ties to a rural village
C) the presence of specialized areas of the city based on function
D) the wealthy live near the city's center and the poor at its periphery

Question 8

There are four basic types of spontaneous settlements. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A) invasions
B) pirate settlements
C) usufruct settlements
D) condominium settlements

Question 9

Research in Latin America and the Caribbean shows that spontaneous settlements follow a life cycle that sometimes results in middle-income housing. The first stage of this cycle is known as the

A) bridgehead.
B) Jakarta.
C) consolidation.
D) suburbanization.

Question 10

Drawing on the works of Karl Marx, Max Weber, and Emile Durkheim, the __________ theory posits that industrial development follows a coherent pattern of growth and would, in time, produce certain common social and political structures across different countries and cultures.

A) dependency
B) world systems
C) modernization
D) both a and b above

Question 11

Advocates of __________ theory are usually neo-Marxian and blame the world capitalist system for underdevelopment.

A) dependency
B) world systems
C) modernization
D) both a and b above

Question 12

Within dependency or world systems theory, a few nations of the world display the characteristics of both core and peripheral nations, and they are known as __________ nations.

A) exploited
B) semi-peripheral
C) commodity
D) displaced

Question 13

The dependency theory has its origins in the analysis of __________ relationships.

A) peripheral
B) core
C) postcolonial
D) colonial

Question 14

The text explains that the global economy plays a part in the urbanization process of the less-developed world in a number of different ways. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A) Local elites make decisions about infrastructure and human capital development.
B) Global decision making appears to reflect an urban bias.
C) Investors make relatively isolated decisions.
D) Urban elites and symbolic analysts are linked to the global economy via the Internet.

Question 15

Thomas Downey and Richard Williamson suggest a solution for less-developed countries that may be palatable to both modernization and dependency/world system theory advocates. Downey and Williamson refer to this as fighting poverty with

A) profit.
B) education.
C) religion.
D) politics.

Question 16

Today, the less-developed countries of the world contain approximately three- quarters of the world's 6 billion people.

Question 17

The author of your text prefers the term spontaneous settlement because it represents the innovation that the poor bring to their housing problems.

Question 18

Modernization may not be characterized as an ethnocentric concept.

Question 19

In the 1950s, it was fashionable to attribute the underdevelopment of the third world to the global capitalist system.

Question 20

In 1998, the richest country in the world possessed 115 times the per capital income of the poorest.

Question 21

Explain the theory of the demographic transition. In your answer, describe each stage of the transition.

Question 22

What are spontaneous settlements? Name and briefly describe the four basic types of spontaneous settlements.

Question 23

Compare and contrast the modernization theory with the dependency or world systems theory. What reasons does each explanation provide for why less- developed societies have not developed as expected?