Deck 14: Parenting and the Development of Love and Attachment

Question 1

Which of the following is characteristic of authoritarian parenting?

A)Being at the "extreme right" in a political sense
B)Discussing rules and principles with the child
C)Exerting power and coercion through the authority of status
D)Allowing the child to choose to go to bed whenever he or she pleases
E)Engaging the child in long conversations

Answer 1

Exerting power and coercion through the authority of status

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of permissive parenting?

A)Allowing children to drink alcohol
B)Imposing strict rules on the children
C)Insisting that homework is done on time
D)Taking children on holiday to the Costa del Sol
E)Taking children to watch a football match

Answer 2

Allowing children to drink alcohol

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of authoritative or democratic parenting?

A)Withdrawing pocket money when children fail to complete homework on time
B)Corporal punishment
C)Being sarcastic
D)Being taciturn
E)Explaining why it is not healthy to eat junk food

Answer 3

Explaining why it is not healthy to eat junk food

Question 4

Mind-minded parents:

A)Tend to be identified as having authoritarian characteristics in Baumrind's classificatory system
B)Are self centered
C)Are renowned for joining voluntary organizations
D)Spend most of the day gossiping with friends
E)Are oriented to their children as psychological entities

Question 5

Meins et al. (2002, 2003) found that children whose parents were mind-minded tended to pass a test of false belief ______ children of parents who were not mind-minded.

A)With greater difficulty than
B)At an older age than
C)At the same time as
D)At a younger age than
E)By cheating compared with

Question 6

Mind-mindedness is linked to:

A)Attending classes on how to be a good parent
B)Diet, especially being a vegetarian
C)Quality of attachment
D)Number of children in the family
E)Having a full-time job

Question 7

According to Bowlby (1965), one cause of affectionless psychopathy is:

A)Monotropy
B)Prolonged separation from the primary caregiver
C)Watching movies about sadistic murders
D)The mother having to go out to work
E)An authoritarian style of parenting

Question 8

According to Anisfeld et al. (1990), which of the following is a factor in secure attachment?

A)Bodily contact
B)Making sure that the family remains intact and that, in particular, the parents do not get divorced
C)Feeding at regular times of the day
D)Having siblings
E)Breastfeeding

Question 9

Separation anxiety is:

A)A defense mechanism that leads to denial that there is any threat to the durability of the relationship
B)Protest when the mother leaves the room
C)A premonition that one is about to be abandoned
D)A fear that your parents are going to get divorced
E)A feeling that your partner no longer loves you, brought about by postnatal depression

Question 10

The "strange situation" is:

A)A clinical test devised by Dr Michael Strange that diagnoses how good a parent you are
B)A ride at the funfair
C)Any context where one feels uncomfortable, such as a dentist waiting room
D)A gathering of alienated individuals at which unpredictable things happen
E)A staged scenario for diagnosing the quality of attachment between parent and baby

Question 11

What is a typical response in a baby aged 9 months when her mother leaves the room?

A)Nothing
B)Distress
C)Saying "goodbye"
D)Waving
E)Smiling

Question 12

From about the age of 10-12 months, babies sometimes look to their mother apparently to read her facial expression for signs of encouragement or for signs of anxiety. This is known as:

A)Bond formation
B)Attachment
C)The strange situation
D)Social referencing
E)Separation anxiety

Question 13

According to Lester (1974), the advent of separation anxiety is linked with:

A)Having to stay in hospital for a prolonged period
B)Fear of strangers
C)The mother going out to work
D)Development of a concept of objects
E)Apprehension about attending school

Question 14

Roughly what proportion of babies are securely attached in the USA?

A)0)3
B)More than 90 percent
C)Two-thirds
D)Three million
E)Zero

Question 15

Babies coded as having disorganized or disoriented attachment:

A)Are at risk of developing affectionless psychopathy
B)Are aloof toward their mother
C)Seem to want comfort from their mother whilst also feeling wary of her
D)Soon grow out of any peculiarities in their relationship with their mother and then go on to become securely attached
E)Tend to belong to large and chaotic families

Question 16

Bowlby (1965) suggested a link between separation during infancy and ______ during adolescence.

A)delinquency
B)having lots of friends
C)working hard at school
D)determination to succeed
E)becoming immersed in sports

Question 17

According to Bowlby (1965), one consequence of very prolonged separation is:

A)Insecurity of attachment
B)Low IQ
C)Fear of strangers
D)The development of defense mechanisms
E)Dreams about horses

Question 18

The Nobel-Prize winning sociobiologist, Konrad Lorenz, suggests that when goslings attach themselves to the first conspicuous moving object they see at about 30 hours after hatching, this is:

A)A form of biologically prepared learning
B)A miracle
C)Based on reinforcement
D)Based on a mental image of their mother that is written into their genes
E)A sign that goslings have a remarkable ability to remember faces

Question 19

According to Bowlby, when is the most important period for a bond of attachment to be formed in human babies?

A)From birth to 12 years of age
B)30 hours after birth
C)Between 6 months and 4 years of age
D)8-12 months
E)9 months

Question 20

According to Bowlby (1965), what is the maximum number of people that a baby can be attached to at any one time?

A)5
B)4
C)3
D)2
E)1

Question 21

Leiderman and Leiderman (1974) found that babies with multiple caregivers:

A)Tended to have an imaginary friend
B)Suffered no ill effects
C)Were generally better adjusted than those with a single caregiver and had more friends later in development
D)Displayed greater stranger anxiety than babies with single caregivers
E)Had low IQ

Question 22

Kagan, Kearsley, and Zelazo (1978) studied babies reared in an institution and found:

A)That it is always more beneficial for babies to be reared in a family than in an institution
B)No ill effects in many cases
C)Numerous cases of affectionless psychopathy
D)Delinquency
E)That medication helped to keep the children under control and to curb severe cases of violence and misbehavior

Question 23

Rutter (1972) argued that separation was blamed in many cases:

A)Quite appropriately
B)Because parents had a careless attitude toward their children
C)Because parents abused their children
D)When parents themselves had been victims of abuse as children
E)When in fact the cause of separation was responsible for ensuing difficulties in adjustment

Question 24

The "internal working model" helps to explain:

A)Fear of strangers
B)Separation anxiety
C)Secure attachment
D)Cycles of abuse
E)Delinquency

Question 25

Adults identified as being "dismissing" in the adult attachment interview:

A)Tended to describe their childhood according to an ideal or stereotype of what childhood might have been like in some mythical golden age
B)Were critical about the purpose of the interview
C)Seemed to be living with enduring trauma from their childhood, perhaps associated with loss of their primary caregiver
D)Described their relationship with their mother objectively, commenting on positive and negative aspects in an appropriately measured way
E)Tended to have an affectionless personality