Deck 3: Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease

Question 1

In an oral glucose tolerance test, a two-hour blood glucose concentration of 9.0 mmol l⁻¹ would be classified as:

A) Normal
B) High
C) Impaired glucose tolerance
D) Diabetes mellitus

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What is the underlying principle of the 'adipose tissue overflow hypothesis'?

A) Ability of adipose tissue to take up non-esterified fatty acids from the blood and store them as triglyceride
B) Accumulation of non-esterified fatty acids and triglycerides in the blood once the storage capacity of subcutaneous depots is exceeded
C) Capacity to increase subcutaneous fat storage to prevent elevated blood triglyceride concentrations
D) Accumulation of fat in visceral and ectopic depots once subcutaneous stores are saturated

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following statements is false?

A) Physical activity is only associated with type 2 diabetes risk in individuals with obesity
B) Accounting for adiposity attenuates the relationship between physical activity and the risk of type 2 diabetes
C) Both weight training and aerobic exercise are associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes
D) The association between physical activity level and the risk of type 2 diabetes is non-linear

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following studies provides the most convincing evidence that lifestyle intervention can prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes and its complications?

A) The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme
B) The Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study
C) The Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) study
D) The Nurses' Health Study

Question 5

Which of the following statements correctly summarises the exercise training effect on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with type 2 diabetes?

A) Neither aerobic nor resistance exercise reduces HbA1c concentrations
B) Resistance, but not aerobic, exercise reduces HbA1c concentrations
C) Resistance exercise reduces HbA1c concentrations to a greater extent than aerobic exercise
D) The combination of aerobic and resistance exercise maximises the reduction in HbA1c concentrations

Question 6

The earliest visible sign of atherosclerosis is:

A) Raised lesion
B) Thrombus
C) Fibrous plaque
D) Fatty streak

Question 7

In Jeremy Morris's classic study of London transport workers, the risk of heart attack in bus conductors compared with bus drivers was approximately:

A) One-half
B) One-third
C) One-quarter
D) One-fifth

Question 8

Which of the following is false with respect to the Harvard Alumni Health Study?

A) Men who participated in university sport did not have a lower risk of CHD unless they maintained a high level of physical activity
B) Energy expenditure in physical activity was inversely associated with CHD risk
C) Active men had a lower risk of CHD in the presence and absence of other major risk factors
D) Very high levels of physical activity were associated with an elevation in CHD risk

Question 9

A person weighing 70 kg and expending energy at a rate of 42 kJ min⁻¹ would be exercising at approximately:

A) 6 METs
B) 8 METs
C) 10 METs
D) 12 METs

Question 10

Which of the following is thought to be the primary mechanism by which exercise improves outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease?

A) Increase in stroke volume
B) Reduction in cardiac fibrosis
C) Improvement in myocardial perfusion
D) Reduction in biomarkers of myocardial injury