Deck 7: Ageing , Child and Adolescent Health

Question 1

What is the approximate rate of decline in maximum oxygen uptake from the mid-20s onwards?

A) 5% per decade
B) 7% per decade
C) 10% per decade
D) 12% per decade

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The major factor explaining the decline in muscle strength with age is:

A) Shift in muscle fibre composition from type II to type I fibres
B) Lower skeletal muscle oxygen uptake
C) Decline in type I muscle fibre size
D) Loss of skeletal muscle mass

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following has not been shown to occur in response to exercise training in older adults?

A) An increase in skeletal muscle capillarization
B) An increase in maximum heart rate
C) An increase in citrate synthase within skeletal muscle
D) An increase in skeletal muscle mitochondrial content

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is least likely to occur as a result of strength training in older adults?

A) An increase in maximum oxygen uptake
B) An increase in muscle cross-sectional area
C) An increase in walking speed
D) An increase in walking endurance

Question 5

Which of the following is false?

A) Telomeres are pieces of DNA at the end of chromosomes
B) Telomeres protect chromosomes from damage
C) Telomere length can be used as an indication of biological age
D) High levels of physical activity have been associated with shorter telomeres

Question 6

Which of the following statements does not correctly identify how physical activity behaviours typically change during childhood and adolescence?

A) Total physical activity declines with increasing age
B) Light-intensity physical activity declines with increasing age
C) Marked decline in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity with increasing age
D) Time spent sedentary increases with increasing age

Question 7

How much physical activity is required to prevent excess weight gain in children and adolescents?

A) 60 min every day
B) 150-250 min week⁻¹
C) 300-420 min week⁻¹
D) No evidence-based recommendations have been developed

Question 8

Which of the following statements is correct?

A) Physical activity is inversely associated with the clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors in childhood and adolescence
B) Exercise training reduces the prevalence of fatty streaks in children and adolescents
C) Physical activity early in life lowers the risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in adulthood
D) Exercise training lowers blood pressure, blood lipids, and body fat in all children and adolescents irrespective of baseline values

Question 9

In healthy adolescents, puberty-related insulin resistance:

A) Increases progressively at the start of puberty and remains high into adulthood
B) Is compensated for by an increase in insulin secretion
C) Reflects an inability of the pancreatic β cells to produce sufficient insulin
D) Is only apparent in girls and not boys

Question 10

Which activity is likely to be least effective for increasing bone mineral density in children and adolescents?

A) Soccer
B) Basketball
C) Cycling
D) Gymnastics