Deck 14: Genetic and Developmental Disorders

Question 1

Which of the following is a common gait deviation seen with Down syndrome children?

A) long step length
B) decreased knee flexion at heel contact
C) hyperextension in stance
D) increased hip extension at push off

Answer 1

long step length

Question 2

What is often the first sign of facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD)?

A) forward shoulders and scapular winging
B) difficulty raising the arms overhead
C) tibialis anterior weakness
D) inability to close the eyes

Answer 2

inability to close the eyes

Question 3

An individual with a right torticollis will present with which of the following?

A) left side bending and left rotation
B) right side bending and right rotation
C) left side bending and right rotation
D) right side bending and left rotation

Answer 3

right side bending and left rotation

Question 4

Which of the following spinal cord disorders describes external protrusion only of the meninges?

A) spina bifida occulta
B) myelomeningocele
C) meningocele
D) spondylitis

Question 5

An infant has a myelomeningocele at level L4-L5.Which of the following muscles would most likely have normal function in this individual?

A) tibialis anterior
B) gluteus medius
C) peroneus brevis
D) iliopsoas

Question 6

A patient presents to physical therapy requiring bracing secondary to scoliosis.What are some of the common precautions given to patients using orthotics?

A) Wear a thick protective layer under the brace.
B) Monitor the skin under the brace for redness.
C) Direct heat improves the integrity of brace materials.
D) Braces should fit tightly.

Question 7

What type of osteogenesis imperfecta would likely result in death during infancy or early childhood?

A) type I
B) type II
C) type III
D) type IV

Question 8

Erb-Duchenne palsy affects which nerve roots?

A) C3-C4
B) C5-C6
C) C5-T1
D) C8-T1

Question 9

What type of spinal muscular atrophy is the most severe?

A) type I
B) type II
C) type III
D) type IV

Question 10

Kyphoscoliosis primarily affects what part of the spine?

A) cervical
B) thoracic
C) lumbar
D) sacral

Question 11

What is the most common type of scoliosis?

A) idiopathic
B) osteopathic
C) myopathic
D) neuropathic

Question 12

What type of muscular dystrophy has the most rapid progression?

A) Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
B) Becker's muscular dystrophy
C) facioscapulohumeral dystrophy
D) limb-girdle muscular dystrophy

Question 13

What is the highest functional level that an individual with an S1 myelomeningocele would most likely achieve?

A) supported sitting
B) good sitting balance
C) household ambulation
D) community ambulation

Question 14

Why do many clients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy exhibit increased lumbar lordosis?

A) quadriceps weakness
B) hip abductor weakness
C) abdominal and hip extensor weakness
D) tight iliopsoas muscles

Question 15

The PTA is using a scoliometer to screen for scoliosis in adolescent patients.What is the minimal degree of deviation from 0 that warrants further medical evaluation?

A) 3 degrees
B) 5 degrees
C) 10 degrees
D) 12 degrees

Question 16

A child with myelomeningocele has achieved functional ambulation outdoors by age 6.What does this information tell the PTA about the child's prognosis for functional ambulation as he ages?

A) This child has a good ambulation prognosis.
B) This child has a poor ambulation prognosis.
C) This child will most likely use a wheelchair at age 10.
D) Ambulation prognosis cannot be determined from this information.

Question 17

Which of the following profiles of mothers are most likely to have children with Down syndrome?

A) overweight
B) smokers
C) over 30 years old
D) mentally challenged

Question 18

Which of the following is not a dominant feature of arthrogryposis multiplex congenital (AMC)?

A) articular rigidity
B) muscle weakness
C) replacement of muscle with fibrous fatty tissue
D) brittle bones

Question 19

Posterior dislocation of the radial head is usually a sign of what type of brachial plexus injury at birth?

A) Erb-Duchenne palsy
B) Klumpke's palsy
C) proximal plexus palsy
D) cerebral palsy

Question 20

Measurement of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)allows detection of Down syndrome in what stage of pregnancy?

A) at conception
B) first trimester
C) second trimester
D) at birth