Deck 18: Introduction to Central Nervous System Disorders

Question 1

What is the most appropriate test to detect congenital malformations in the brain?

A) CT scans
B) MRI
C) functional MRI
D) positron emission tomography (PET)

Answer 1

MRI

Question 2

Biofeedback is an example of which of the following?

A) classical conditioning
B) operant conditioning
C) procedural learning
D) declarative learning

Answer 2

operant conditioning

Question 3

Dopamine activity can be increased by which of the following mechanisms?

A) decreased synthesis
B) decreased release
C) indirect receptor stimulation
D) decreased neurotransmitter activity

Answer 3

indirect receptor stimulation

Question 4

What happens when an action potential reaches the neurons terminal?

A) Sodium channel blockers bind the outer axonal surface of the channel and prevent the flux of sodium.
B) The cell membrane is depolarized.
C) There is an increase in sodium permeability.
D) There is a release of chemical neurotransmitter through the presynaptic terminals.

Question 5

What part of the cerebellum controls gait and dynamic standing balance?

A) anterior lobe
B) spinocerebellum
C) vestibulocerebellum
D) cerebrocerebellum

Question 6

If there is a lesion on one side of the spinal cord _________________.

A) there is a decrease in sensation to touch on the same side of the lesion and decrease in pain sensation on the same side of the lesion
B) there is a decrease in sensation to touch on the opposite side of the lesion and a decrease in pain on the opposite side of the lesion
C) there is a decrease in touch on the same side of the lesion and a decrease in pain sensation on the opposite side of the lesion
D) there is a decrease in touch on the opposite side of the lesion and a decrease in pain sensation on the same side of the lesion

Question 7

Which of the following structures in the brain is most involved in extremity movement?

A) the pons
B) reticular formation
C) substantia nigra
D) medulla

Question 8

Which of the following is the primary neurotransmitter of the sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons?

A) epinephrine
B) norepinephrine
C) acetylcholine
D) dopamine

Question 9

What part of the brain is responsible for behavior and personality?

A) parietal lobe
B) Broca's area
C) temporal lobe
D) frontal lobe

Question 10

What type of cells are the most numerous cells in the brain?

A) oligodendrocyte
B) Schwann
C) microglia
D) astrocytes

Question 11

Almost all communication between neurons occurs via what process?

A) electrical
B) mechanical
C) chemical
D) gravity dependent

Question 12

Which of the following is a normal response of the central nervous system to aging?

A) increased population of reactive glia
B) overall increase in brain tissue
C) increased size of nerve cells
D) increased nerve conduction velocity

Question 13

Apoptosis ____________.

A) is cellular death by an outside invasion
B) does not cause inflammatory responses
C) is an unorganized process of cellular death
D) leaves damage to other components of the central nervous system (CNS) after cell death

Question 14

How does glucose cross the blood-brain barrier?

A) by moving through cells without assistance
B) by moving between cells without assistance
C) by moving through cells with protein transporters
D) by moving between cells without protein transporters

Question 15

Which of the following amines is involved in the control of mood and anxiety?

A) serotonin
B) acetylcholine
C) dopamine
D) norepinephrine

Question 16

Which of the following is indicative of a metabolic or drug-induced coma?

A) severe headache with focal seizures
B) unequal or absent corneal reflex
C) decorticate or decerebrate posturing
D) intact deep tendon reflexes

Question 17

Which of the following types of stem cells consist of a hollow microscopic collection of cells called the blastocyst?

A) neural stem cell
B) adult stem cell
C) somatic stem cell
D) embryonic stem cell

Question 18

Which of the following cranial nerves innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye?

A) optic
B) oculomotor
C) trochlear
D) trigeminal

Question 19

Which of the following is indicative of damage to the thalamus?

A) personality change
B) declarative memory deficit
C) myoclonus
D) cortical blindness

Question 20

Which of the following cranial nerves does not have a sensory function?

A) olfactory
B) optic
C) vagus
D) spinal accessory