Deck 8: Reformation and Late Renaissance

Question 1

Which of these was an important factor in the Low Countries' "commercial revolution"?

A) accumulation of wealth in the hands of a merchant class
B) King Henry VIII's split with the Catholic church
C) destruction of churches and religious art during peasant revolts
D) the invention of linear and atmospheric perspective

Answer 1

A

Question 2

When Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses, in what city was he was standing?

A) Wittenberg
B) Rome
C) Florence
D) London

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which did Francis I of France build to accommodate his court in a fashionable Italian-like style?

A) Villa Rotonda, Vicenza
B) the Globe Theater
C) Teatro Olimpico
D) chateau at Chambord

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which picture contains a disguised symbol of the theme sic transit gloria mundi, or "thus passes worldly glory," a reminder that no one escapes death?

A) Holbein's The Ambassadors
B) Grünewald's The Crucifixion
C) Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights
D) Pontormo's Deposition

Question 5

Which of these Northern Renaissance artists was noted for his dark vision of a wicked and foolish humanity?

A) Pieter Bruegel
B) Albrecht Dürer
C) Matthias Grünewald
D) Hieronymus Bosch

Question 6

One would likely hear the term madrigal in a discussion of what topic?

A) Palestrina's harmonies
B) the Lutheran Bible
C) Palladio's classical designs
D) music in Renaissance England

Question 7

What statement best describes the effect of Martin Luther's teachings?

A) strengthened the Catholic Church's influence in northern Europe
B) gave the individual believer more responsibility than the priest
C) brought about a new respect for the arts in Christianity
D) emphasized the role of good works in achieving salvation

Question 8

Which of these values is associated with the "Protestant ethic?"

A) pursuit of individual freedom and choice
B) preservation of traditional Church rituals
C) generous patronage of art in the Church
D) self-sacrifice and the virtues of work

Question 9

Which might most reasonably be cited as a cause of the Reformation?

A) Germans' resentment against the Church's corruption
B) interest in reform of monasteries and convents
C) the discovery of territories in the New World
D) the poverty of Northern European peasants

Question 10

Martin Luther's first attack on the Roman Catholic Church centered on what issue?

A) the reliability of official Bible translations
B) Luther's desire to be elected a Church cardinal
C) the sale of indulgences to raise funds for the Church
D) Church doctrine forbidding priests to marry

Question 11

Which of these terms is most closely associated with the religious ideas of John Calvin?

A) utopianism
B) indulgences
C) evangelical humanism
D) predestination

Question 12

What northern Renaissance writer's greatest work is devoted to a satirical exposure of religious corruption and prejudice?

A) Desiderius Erasmus
B) Pico della Mirandola
C) Machiavelli
D) Thomas More

Question 13

What northern Renaissance humanist writer expressed his philosophical skepticism in the form of personal essays?

A) William Shakespeare
B) Thomas More
C) Desiderius Erasmus
D) Michel de Montaigne

Question 14

What best describes Thomas More's Utopia?

A) depicts a fictional land of pious industry
B) attacks Luther's positions on human freedom
C) praises England as the most virtuous of nations
D) criticizes corruption through the satirical voice of Folly

Question 15

What two figures, both important in northern Renaissance thought, engaged in a spirited debate over the question of human sinfulness and the freedom of will?

A) Ben Jonson and Christopher Marlowe
B) Francis I and Ferdinand of Spain
C) Desiderius Erasmus and Martin Luther
D) Henry VIII and Pope Julius II

Question 16

Which is the best example of the vivid and precise realism of Northern Renaissance painting?

A) Van Eyck's Marriage of Arnolfini
B) Bruegel's The Hunters' Return
C) Parmigianino's Madonna of the Long Neck
D) Tintoretto's Last Supper

Question 17

What Northern Renaissance artist was most actively engaged in the religious debates of the Reformation and the most influenced by Italian humanism?

A) Pieter Bruegel
B) Albrecht Dürer
C) Matthias Grünewald
D) Hans Holbein

Question 18

What Northern Renaissance painting is part of an altarpiece-a folding wooden cabinet decorated with paintings?

A) El Greco's Burial of Count Orgaz
B) Dürer's Self-Portrait
C) Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights
D) Grünewald's Crucifixion

Question 19

Bruegel's The Hunters in the Snow (Winter) shows the painter's interest in what subject or method?

A) applying the techniques of Florentine fresco
B) the dramatic conflict between good and evil
C) the humble life of villagers and peasants
D) reconciling Greco-Roman and Christian ideas

Question 20

What is illustrated in Dürer's Knight, Death, and the Devil?

A) desire to capture sweeping landscapes
B) skill in the medium of line engraving
C) indifference to religious themes and ideas
D) revolutionary advances in oil painting

Question 21

Which of these was important in spreading Martin Luther's religious ideas?

A) Morley's Triumphes of Oriana
B) the telescope
C) Shakespeare's Hamlet
D) the printing press

Question 22

Which would one most likely hear at a Lutheran church service?

A) a mass composed by Palestrina
B) a madrigal sung in four parts
C) a congregation singing a hymn in German
D) a motet with a Latin text

Question 23

Which Renaissance work would most likely have been encountered at the court of Elizabeth I?

A) El Greco painting the monarch's portrait
B) a performance of Palestrina's Mass of Pope Marcellus
C) a theater set designed by Palladio
D) performance of a motet by William Byrd

Question 24

Which of these works was dedicated to England's Elizabeth I?

A) Morley's Triumphes of Oriana
B) Luther's A Mighty Fortress is Our God
C) Shakespeare's Hamlet
D) Calvin's Institutes of the Christian Religion

Question 25

What composer is most closely associated with the conservative Catholic reaction against the Reformation?

A) William Byrd
B) Giovanni Gabrieli
C) Giovanni da Palestrina
D) Thomas Morley

Question 26

Which action came as a result of the Counter-Reformation?

A) Columbus' voyages to the New World
B) innovations in theatrical set design
C) censorship of artistic subjects
D) Francis I's support of Reformation ideas

Question 27

In what phenomenon did the Florentine Camerata play an important role?

A) the development of a new theatrical art called opera
B) the evolution of oil painting as a medium of secular art
C) the reform of sacred music in Rome and Venice
D) the stylistic innovations of mannerism

Question 28

Which term is associated with the musical works of Giovanni Gabrieli, composed for performance in St. Mark's of Venice?

A) operatic
B) polychoral
C) baroque
D) mannerist

Question 29

Which Renaissance work is best categorized as mannerist--the conscious manipulation and distortion of high Renaissance techniques?

A) Dürer's Self-Portrait
B) Parmigianino's Madonna with the Long Neck
C) Palladio's Villa Rotonda
D) Bruegel's The Hunters' Return

Question 30

Which statement best describes the music of Palestrina?

A) directly appealed to emotions of worshippers
B) pioneered the use of multiple choirs
C) rejected intermingling of sacred and secular music
D) attempted to involve church congregations in musical worship

Question 31

Which artist was the author of the Four Books of Architecture, an important influence on later architectural classicism?

A) Giorgione
B) Andrea Palladio
C) Jacopo Tintoretto
D) Giovanni da Palestrina

Question 32

The Teatro Olimpico illustrates the influence of what Renaissance technique, borrowed from painting?

A) commedia dell'arte
B) linear perspective
C) blank verse
D) chiaroscuro

Question 33

Which statement best describes Titian's late Renaissance masterpiece Bacchus and Ariadne, painted to decorate a duke's country home in Ferrara, Italy?

A) follows Counter-Reformation's demands in its choice of a traditional Christian subject
B) creates a quiet, dream-like mood by the use of a country setting
C) manipulates the rules of linear perspective to create an off-center focal point
D) creates a lively pagan scene through use of exuberant primary colors

Question 34

Which statement best describes El Greco's Burial of Count Orgaz?

A) shows biblical characters in contemporary dress and setting
B) combined Renaissance technique with intense religious feeling
C) remarkable in its psychological insights into the painter's self
D) characterized by harmonious geometric shapes and lines
E) shows the painter's avoidance of religious subjects

Question 35

Summarize the Reformation's disagreements with traditional Catholic beliefs.

Question 36

Identify the most important political and economic factors in the rise of the Northern Renaissance.

Question 37

Compare Northern Renaissance painting with the Italian Renaissance in style and subject.

Question 38

Characterize the Christian humanism of northern Europe, as represented by the thought of Erasmus.

Question 39

Describe the social and religious circumstances that led to the success of Elizabethan theater.

Question 40

Compare the mood and style of the late Renaissance in Venice to the arts and music of the High Renaissance.

Question 41

Characterize the stylistic innovations of the mannerist style in painting and sculpture.

Question 42

Discuss the Reformation as both a result of the Renaissance and a reaction against the Renaissance. In your answer, identify specific aspects or interests of the Reformation and discuss whether each is a result of or reaction against the Renaissance. You may want to consider such topics as: Renaissance humanism; art and the Church; the study of ancient languages; stress on individualism and freedom; the rise of printing; corruption in the Catholic Church; etc.

Question 43

Using selected examples from the Northern and Late Renaissance, discuss the influence of religious belief on the arts in this period. Choose your examples from several forms or media (for example, music, theater, and painting), and with each example show how its style or subject was affected by the religious disputes of the sixteenth century.