Deck 10: The Enlightenment

Question 1

Which artist best depicted the urbane and somewhat melancholy revelries of the eighteenth-century European aristocracy?

A) J. B. S. Chardin
B) Jacques-Louis David
C) Wolfgang Mozart
D) Antoine Watteau

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which two artists are most closely associated with the rococo style in art?

A) Jacques Louis David and Thomas Jefferson
B) Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Mozart
C) Peter Paul Rubens and Nicolas Poussin
D) J.-H. Fragonard and Antoine Watteau

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In what phenomenon did the Parisian Madame Geoffrin play an important role?

A) the success of the salon as an intellectual and social occasion
B) the development of ballet as an independent art form
C) ending the aristocracy's dominance in French art
D) recovering the treasures of Pompeii and Herculaneum

Answer 3

A

Question 4

François Boucher's The Toilet of Venus most clearly illustrates what idea or topic?

A) the legitimacy of absolute royal power
B) tensions among the social classes of Europe
C) a loving reconciliation of husband and wife
D) the luxurious self-indulgence of the rococo style

Question 5

Which of these would have been the most appropriate setting for a small rococo entertainment or a salon of Parisian wits and philosophers?

A) Church of the Vierzehnheiligen, Germany
B) the Hôtel de Soubise, Paris
C) the Residenz, Würzburg, Germany
D) Monticello, Virginia

Question 6

Which movement or style employed shell-like decoration and themes of playful sexuality or seduction?

A) rococo
B) Storm and Stress
C) the Encyclopedists
D) neoclassicism

Question 7

Who created romanticized portraits that he called "fancy pictures" that appealed to the wealthy classes of eighteenth-century Britain?

A) Thomas Gainsborough
B) Antoine Watteau
C) Balthasar Neumann
D) William Hogarth

Question 8

Which statement best describes the aim of the Enlightenment philosophes?

A) establishing the theoretical basis of modern science
B) the practical application of reason to human problems
C) the rediscovery of Europe's roots in classical civilization
D) overthrowing the powers of absolutist monarchs

Question 9

What term describes the idea, popularized by J.-J. Rousseau, that human society originated in an agreement among naturally free individuals to establish the rule of law and civil society?

A) neoclassicism
B) the divine covenant
C) sensibilité
D) the social contract

Question 10

With what term or concept did Adam Smith describe the principle that individuals pursuing their individual self-interest would naturally create prosperity and happiness for all?

A) enlightenment
B) invisible hand
C) categorical imperative
D) general will

Question 11

What would an eighteenth-century deist most likely have done?

A) constructed a country home in the Palladian style
B) practiced spiritual exercises to achieve religious insight
C) questioned the right of humans to overthrow governments
D) doubted the revelations of the Christian Bible

Question 12

J.-J. Rousseau's novel titled Émile would today be most influential in what field of study?

A) the economic study of free markets
B) the philosophical basis of modern science
C) the philosophy of education
D) the nature of religious experience

Question 13

Which most directly expresses the neoclassical desire for simplicity and classical decoration?

A) Mozart's operas
B) Gabriel's Petit Trianon
C) Samuel Richardson's novels
D) Neumann's Church of the Vierzehnheiligen

Question 14

Which of these works best illustrates the fashion of sensibilité by its appeal to moralizing sentiment?

A) Greuze's The Bride of the Village
B) Goethe's Götz von Berlichingen
C) Mozart's Symphony #40 in G minor
D) Hogarth's The Marriage Contract

Question 15

What was the most notable achievement of Marie-Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun?

A) reform the practice of ballet dance
B) paint flattering portraits of Europe's nobility
C) establish a famous salon in rococo Paris
D) compose popular operas performed in Vienna and Prague

Question 16

Which statement best describes the works of J.-H. Fragonard, creator of The Progress of Love?

A) defined the form of the Classical symphony
B) embodied the light-hearted charm of the rococo
C) criticized the softness and indulgence of contemporary painting
D) established the bourgeois sentimental drama in Germany

Question 17

Which work best embodies the principles of eighteenth-century neoclassicism?

A) Fragonard's The Swing
B) Hogarth's Marriage Contract
C) David's Oath of the Horatii
D) Mozart's Marriage of Figaro

Question 18

The Marriage of Figaro by W. A. Mozart is an example of what musical form?

A) symphony
B) opera
C) oratorio
D) motet

Question 19

Which of these works might have been most influenced by Palladio's book of classical designs, an important document in eighteenth-century neoclassicism?

A) Jefferson's Monticello
B) Haydn's London symphonies
C) Boffrand's Hôtel de Soubise
D) Noverre's ballet d'action

Question 20

In Rousseau's Social Contract, what was the term for the collective desire of citizens as guided by public virtue?

A) Leviathan
B) covenant
C) general will
D) categorical imperative

Question 21

Marie Anne de Cupis de Camargo was a central figure in the development of what art?

A) ballet dance
B) French neoclassical theater
C) the symphony
D) British portrait painting

Question 22

In which of these works might one expect to read the impassioned letters of a virtuous servant?

A) Richardson's Pamela
B) Goethe's Götz von Berlichingen
C) Voltaire's Candide
D) Swift's Gulliver's Travels

Question 23

What term or phrase is best applied to Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin's painting Boy Spinning Top?

A) sensibilité
B) bourgeois influence
C) fête galante
D) pastel

Question 24

Which of these is a pictorial example of satire-the effort to improve society by humorous criticism of its folly and foibles?

A) Jacques-Louis David's Oath of the Horatii
B) Francois Boucher's Toilet of Venus
C) William Hogarth's The Marriage Contract
D) Greuze's The Bride of the Village

Question 25

Which of these would one expect to hear in the sonata allegro movement of a Classical symphony?

A) a recitative
B) the libretto
C) Storm and Stress
D) the development

Question 26

What best describes the achievement of Jonathan Swift?

A) a satirical commentator on human folly
B) the ingenious architectural adapter of neoclassical styles
C) the author of an influential epistolary novel
D) a leading composer of the Classical period

Question 27

What best states the hero's thoughts at the end of Voltaire's tale Candide?

A) we must work without theorizing
B) humans are by nature corrupt and sinful
C) we live in the best of all possible worlds
D) philosophy can ultimately solve the universe's mysteries

Question 28

How is the hanamichi best described?

A) the orchestra that accompanies a kabuki performance
B) a form of multi-colored wood block printing
C) the policy of closing Japan to foreign influence
D) a ramp used for actors' stylized entrances and exits

Question 29

What figure popularized the taste for the austere works of ancient Greece?

A) William Hogarth
B) Thomas Jefferson
C) Johann J. Winckelmann
D) Francois Boucher

Question 30

Which of these is most directly involved or employed in an opera performance?

A) sensibilité
B) the exposition
C) a libretto
D) Storm and Stress

Question 31

Which of these literary works is an example of the epistolary novel?

A) Richardson's Pamela
B) J.-J. Rousseau's Social Contract
C) Voltaire's Candide
D) Swift's Gulliver's Travels

Question 32

Which movement or style aimed to compile all human knowledge as a practical guide to the improvement of the human condition?

A) rococo
B) Storm and Stress
C) the Encyclopedists
D) neoclassicism

Question 33

Which movement or style aimed to free Germany from artificial imitations of French culture?

A) cult of sensibilité
B) the sentimental drama
C) the Encyclopedists
D) neoclassicism

Question 34

Describe the rococo style in painting and architecture.

Question 35

Summarize the program of the Enlightenment philosophes.

Question 36

Define the concept of the social contract and explain its importance in eighteenth-century political philosophy.

Question 37

Identify the most important forms, styles, and themes in the arts and literature that appealed to a middle-class public.

Question 38

Describe briefly the Japanese kabuki theater and compare it to another form of theatrical entertainment.

Question 39

Explain the structure of the neoclassical symphony.

Question 40

Define satire and illustrate its importance in the eighteenth century with examples from the arts and literature.

Question 41

Define neoclassicism and illustrate its influence in eighteenth-century Europe by discussing three related examples of literature and the arts. Choose your examples from three different artistic or literary forms (that is, painting, architecture, music, the novel, or opera) and show how the examples are related in their application of neoclassical ideas.

Question 42

Choose three works of contrasting mood from the art, literature, and music of the eighteenth century. Discuss each work in light of the feeling it creates in the viewer, listener, or reader, noting the particular artistic choices and methods that contribute to this mood.