Deck 9: Personality Disorders

Question 1

Which of the following is not part of the definition of personality?

A) a consistent pattern of thinking, feeling and behaving
B) enduring over time
C) pervasive across situations
D) having no genetic basis
E) All of the given options are correct.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The Five Factor Model of personality identifies the following five essential personality traits: neuroticism, extroversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness and:

A) openness to experience.
B) orientation to the external environment.
C) obsessive-compulsiveness.
D) optimism.
E) perfectionism.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

According to Millon (1981), core features that differentiate disordered personality from normal-range problematic behaviours include:

A) functional inflexibility.
B) self-defeating patterns of behaviour.
C) unstable functioning in the face of stress.
D) All of the given options are correct.
E) None of the given options are correct.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The DSM-IV-TR identifies 10 distinct personality disorders and classifies them on:

A) Axis I.
B) Axis II.
C) Axis III.
D) Axis IV.
E) Axis V.

Question 5

The development of individuals' personalities (adaptive or pathological) is influenced and determined by:

A) peer interactions.
B) genetic predisposition.
C) the nature, timing and intensity of life events.
D) genetic predisposition and the nature, timing and intensity of life events.
E) None of the given options are correct.

Question 6

The prevalence of personality disorders:

A) differs between cultures but is stable over time.
B) varies over time but not between cultures.
C) varies between cultures and over time.
D) does not vary between cultures or over time.
E) does not vary between genders.

Question 7

Estimates of the degree to which various personality traits are inherited:

A) range from 40-60%.
B) range from 20-30%.
C) range from 2-5%.
D) range from 1-2%
E) do not range at all-there is no genetic basis to personality.

Question 8

Cluster A personality disorders are defined in terms of:

A) anxious and fearful traits and behaviours.
B) odd or eccentric traits and behaviours.
C) dramatic, emotional or erratic traits and behaviours.
D) All of the given options are correct.
E) None of the given options are correct.

Question 9

Cluster B personality disorders are defined in terms of:

A) anxious and fearful traits and behaviours.
B) odd or eccentric traits and behaviours.
C) dramatic, emotional or erratic traits and behaviours.
D) All of the given options are correct.
E) None of the given options are correct.

Question 10

Cluster C personality disorders are defined in terms of:

A) anxious and fearful traits and behaviours.
B) odd or eccentric traits and behaviours.
C) dramatic, emotional or erratic traits and behaviours.
D) All of the given options are correct.
E) None of the given options are correct.

Question 11

In health and mental health settings, the personality disorder that interests and involves clinicians most is:

A) paranoid personality disorder.
B) narcissistic personality disorder.
C) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.
D) histrionic personality disorder.
E) borderline personality disorder.

Question 12

Young's schema therapy model of personality development suggests that early maladaptive schemas:

A) develop in childhood and are strengthened by substance abuse.
B) develop in adult life and are strengthened by substance abuse.
C) develop in childhood and are strengthened by biased information processing.
D) develop in adult life and are strengthened by biased information processing.
E) None of the given options are correct.

Question 13

In Young's schema therapy, behavioural techniques aim to:

A) deal with the client's feelings and thoughts.
B) block images, thoughts and feelings.
C) get the client to react in the exact opposite manner to their schema.
D) alter the coping styles used by the client.
E) All of the given options are correct.

Question 14

Cognitive analytic therapy can be used to treat borderline personality disorder; the key concept is:

A) distress tolerance skills.
B) the reciprocal role procedure.
C) maladaptive coping strategies.
D) biologically based emotional vulnerability.
E) None of the given options are correct.

Question 15

Which of the following is not a typical feature of borderline personality disorder?

A) emotional instability
B) lack of sense of self or identity
C) impulsivity
D) arrogance
E) self-destructive behaviours

Question 16

In community samples, the most common personality disorder (2-4%) is:

A) paranoid personality disorder.
B) borderline personality disorder.
C) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.
D) narcissistic personality disorder.
E) schizoid personality disorder.

Question 17

Which of the following is not one of the four higher-order factors proposed (by Livesey et al.) to underlie personalities and personality disorders?

A) emotional dysregulation
B) compulsivity
C) inhibitedness
D) openness to experience
E) dissocial behaviour

Question 18

In cognitive models of psychological functioning, an organised collection of information in memory which operates automatically is called:

A) a schema or core belief.
B) an obsession.
C) standard short-term CBT.
D) personality.
E) transference.

Question 19

In Marsha Linehan's Biosocial Model, the disturbances of borderline personality disorder are primarily attributed to:

A) dysfunction in the emotion regulation system.
B) drastically invalidating environments.
C) maladaptive coping strategies.
D) the reciprocal role procedure.
E) hormonal imbalances.

Question 20

In the evaluation of psychological treatments for borderline personality disorder it has been established that:

A) dialectical behaviour therapy is more effective than schema therapy.
B) schema therapy is more effective than psychodynamic therapy.
C) psychodynamic therapy is more effective than dialectical behavioural therapy.
D) All of the given options are correct.
E) None of the given options are correct.

Question 21

In the DSM-5, psychopathy:

A) is under the Cluster A disorders.
B) is under the Cluster B disorders.
C) is under the Cluster C disorders.
D) is not listed.
E) None of the options given are correct.

Question 22

The Personality Disorders Work Group proposed an overall rating of personality functioning for DSM-5 involving how many severity levels?

A) three
B) five
C) seven
D) ten
E) twenty

Question 23

Children with low activity of the monoamine oxidase A gene show:

A) low rates of aggression.
B) high rates of aggression.
C) low rates of aggression but only when they had been maltreated.
D) high rates of aggression but only when they had been maltreated.
E) None of the given optionsare correct.

Question 24

The personality disorder associated with the greatest levels of disability is:

A) dependent personality disorder.
B) schizoid personality disorder.
C) schizotypal personality disorder.
D) avoidant personality disorder.
E) borderline personality disorder.

Question 25

Longitudinal studies indicate that in adults:

A) core personality traits are stable but personality disorder diagnoses have only low to moderate stability.
B) personality disorder diagnoses are stable, but core personality traits have low to moderate stability.
C) both core personality traits and personality disorder diagnoses are stable.
D) neither core personality traits nor personality disorder diagnoses are stable.
E) some core personality traits are stable and other are unstable.

Question 26

A recent review has reported that _____________ therapy is the most empirically validated treatment for borderline personality disorder.

A) schema therapy
B) cognitive behaviour therapy
C) dialectical behaviour therapy
D) cognitive therapy
E) behaviour therapy

Question 27

Research supports the view that schizotypal personality disorder:

A) represents a milder form of schizophrenia.
B) includes similar types of memory and attention deficits as those found in schizophrenia.
C) includes similar anomalies in brain structure to those found in schizophrenia .
D) have higher levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine.
E) All of the given options are correct.

Question 28

With regard to antisocial personality disorder:

A) cognitivebehaviour therapy has been show to be effective.
B) schema therapy has been shown to be effective.
C) behaviour therapy has been shown to be effective.
D) no single treatment approach has been shown to be effective.
E) None of the given options are correct.

Question 29

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is typically characterised by all of the following except:

A) rigidity.
B) perfectionistic style.
C) miserly with money.
D) sense of inferiority.
E) hoarding.

Question 30

Women, more than men, are more likely to be diagnosed with:

A) antisocial personality disorder.
B) schizotypal personality disorder.
C) histrionic personality disorder.
D) All of the given options are correct.
E) None of the given options is correct.

Question 31

The Violence Inhibition Mechanism Model argues that psychopaths:

A) can identify emotion in others.
B) have difficulty identifying emotion in others.
C) have difficulty inhibiting emotions.
D) never inhibit emotion.
E) None of the options given are correct.

Question 32

Cognitive analytic therapy is:

A) a type of cognitive behaviour therapy.
B) an integration of cognitive therapy and an object-relations approach
C) behaviour therapy.
D) similar to psychoanalysis.
E) None of the given options are correct.

Question 33

The coping style of 'schema avoidance' involves:

A) blocking distressing aspects of the content of a schema.
B) ruminating over the content of a schema.
C) challenging schematic content.
D) replacing one schema with another.
E) None of the given options are correct.

Question 34

Few individuals with antisocial personality seek help for their difficulties. This is because:

A) they have poor insight into their difficulties.
B) they may deny their symptoms.
C) they may blame others for their behaviour.
D) All of the options given are correct.
E) None of the options given are correct.