Deck 7: Addictive Disorders

Question 1

'Tolerance' of a substance refers to:

A) sociocultural acceptance that its use is normal.
B) spending a large amount of time obtaining or using it.
C) needing increasing amounts of the substance to get the same effect.
D) needing decreasing amounts of the substance to get the same effect.
E) continuing substance use although it is causing problems.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

'Withdrawal' from a substance refers to:

A) substance use interfering with social or occupational functioning.
B) symptoms that emerge after reducing or stopping substance use.
C) symptoms that emerge while using a substance.
D) unsuccessful attempts to reduce substance use.
E) needing increasing amounts of the substance to get the same effect.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Substance use disorders are predominantly disorders of:

A) women.
B) young people.
C) middle-aged people.
D) older people.
E) none of the given options; prevalence is constant across the lifespan and genders.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In the treatment of substance use disorders, medication can be useful to:

A) block the rewarding effects of the harmful substance.
B) substitute for the harmful substance.
C) reduce the severity of withdrawal symptoms.
D) All of the given options are correct.
E) None of the given options are correct.

Question 5

High levels of comorbidity of substance use disorders and other mental disorders have been explained by saying that:

A) people with mental health problems self-medicate with addictive substances.
B) mental health problems are caused (or made worse) by substance abuse.
C) both problems may have the same underlying cause(s).
D) All of the given options are correct.
E) None of the given options are correct.

Question 6

It is generally accepted that the development of pathological gambling is due to:

A) biological factors.
B) psychological factors.
C) sociocultural factors.
D) All of the given options interacting.
E) None of the given optionsare correct.

Question 7

Which of the following is not a criterion for gambling disorder?

A) a need to gamble with increasing amounts of money
B) lying to conceal extent of gambling
C) frequent gambling when feeling distressed
D) gambling when alone
E) preoccupation with gambling

Question 8

Which of these addictive substances is the one most commonly abused in Australia?

A) alcohol
B) cannabis
C) stimulants
D) opioids
E) hallucinogens

Question 9

Compared to the general community in Australia, individuals who use methamphetamine are:

A) at the same risk of psychosis.
B) eleven times less likely to experience psychosis.
C) eleven times more likely to experience psychosis.
D) unlikely to experience psychosis.
E) likely to experience a milder form of psychosis.

Question 10

For people with entrenched substance dependence, detoxification (a period of abstinence while receiving support for withdrawal symptoms) is:

A) a completely ineffective treatment for substance use disorder.
B) a useful first step in rehabilitation of substance use disorder.
C) an effective stand-alone treatment for substance use disorder.
D) only provided in rare situations.
E) None of the given options are correct.

Question 11

Cognitive errors hypothesised to result in problem gambling include all of the following except:

A) gambler's fallacy.
B) selective recall.
C) illusionary correlations.
D) catastrophic thinking.
E) biased evaluations.

Question 12

The percentage of Australian adults gambling regularly is approximately:

A) 5 per cent.
B) 15 per cent
C) 25 per cent.
D) 40 per cent.
E) 55 per cent.

Question 13

The reason that share trading is not defined as gambling is that:

A) people win more than they lose on the stock market.
B) noone owns the stock market.
C) stock market wins and losses are not determined by chance.
D) All of the given options are correct.
E) None of the given options are correct.

Question 14

In the DSM-5, pathological gambling is renamed as:

A) gambling disorder.
B) a personality disorder.
C) an impulse control disorder.
D) a mood disorder.
E) an anxiety disorder.

Question 15

In the neurochemistry of substances of dependence, the most important neurotransmitter is:

A) amphetamine.
B) dopamine.
C) glutamate.
D) endorphin.
E) serotonin.

Question 16

Psychological explanations of substance use include:

A) classical conditioning.
B) operant conditioning.
C)
Incentive-sensitisation.
D) All of the given options are correct.
E) None of the given optionsare correct.

Question 17

Substance use disorders cluster in families because:

A) substance use disorders are a product of culture.
B) substance use disorders have a strong genetic component.
C) children model their substance use on parents' behaviour and environment.
D) Both B and C are correct.
E) All of the options given are correct.

Question 18

For people with mild drinking problems, treatment with the goal of controlled drinking (rather than abstinence) has been found to be:

A) more acceptable to patients than abstinence.
B) less acceptable to patients than abstinence.
C) completely ineffective.
D) less effective than abstinence.
E) more effective than abstinence.

Question 19

Prior to the DSM-5, gambling disorder was classified as:

A) a personality disorder.
B) a disorder of impulse control.
C) an anxiety disorder.
D) a mood disorder.
E) None of the given options are correct.

Question 20

The personality disorders most commonly comorbid with pathological gambling are classified in:

A) Cluster A: odd or eccentric personality disorders.
B) Cluster B: dramatic personality disorders.
C) Cluster C: anxious or fearful personality disorders.
D) any of Clusters A, B or C equally.
E) Clusters B and C equally, but not

Question 21

In the DSM-5 substance dependence and substance abuse has been replaced with:

A) drug addiction disorders.
B) dependence and abuse disorders.
C) substance use disorders.
D) severe addiction disorders.
E) None of the given options is correct.

Question 22

In the DSM-5, pathological gambling may be classified as a behavioural addiction due to similarities between gambling and substance addictions with respect to:

A) clinical phenomenology.
B) aetiology.
C) comorbid conditions.
D) treatment.
E) All of the given options are correct.

Question 23

A 2010 Australian report documented serious alcohol-related harm to the Australian community, with approximately what portion of the adult population reporting having been affected in some way by the drinking of others during the year of the study?

A) approximately 10 per cent
B) approximately 25 per cent
C) approximately 50 per cent
D) approximately 75 per cent
E) approximately 90 per cent

Question 24

For each year that the first use of alcohol is delayed the risk of developing alcohol use disorder decreases by:

A) 5 to 9 per cent.
B) 10 to 14 per cent.
C) 15 to 19 per cent.
D) 20 to 24 per cent.
E) over 25 per cent.

Question 25

The Australian Gaming Council's figures for 2008-09 indicate that, on average, Australian adults spend how much per year on gambling?

A) approximately $10
B) approximately $100
C) approximately $1000
D) approximately $5000
E) approximately $10 000

Question 26

Jacob's (1986) General Theory of Addiction asserts that:

A) addictions allow individuals to feel positive affect.
B) addictions allow individuals to escape painful realities and/or memories.
C) addictions give people a sense of control.
D) None of the given options are correct.
E) All of the given options are correct.

Question 27

Which of the following is not a component of the Integrated Pathways Model of problem gambling?

A) behavioural conditioning
B) emotional vulnerability
C) biological factors
D) impulse dysregulation
E) None of the given options are components.

Question 28

With increasing age people are:

A) more susceptible to the effects of alcohol.
B) less susceptible to the effects of alcohol.
C) just as susceptible to the effects of alcohol as younger people.
D) more susceptible but only for women.
E) more susceptible but only for men.

Question 29

PRIME theory of motivation relating to addictions has all of the following components except:

A) plans.
B) impulses.
C) responses.
D) evaluations.
E) procrastination.

Question 30

The Addiction Model of gambling views gambling as an addiction based on the fact that:

A) gamblers repeatedly engage in their behaviour to achieve a euphoric state.
B) gambling behaviour is repetitive.
C) gambling behaviour continues despite serious consequences.
D) gamblers appear to have features similar to tolerance and withdrawal.
E) All of the given options are correct.

Question 31

A 1988 study of Gamblers Anonymous treatment outcomes found:

A) 50 per cent of participants had ceased gambling over a two-year period.
B) Less than 10 per cent had ceased gambling over a two-year period.
C) very low dropout rates among participants.
D) very low dropout rates but only for men.
E) very low dropout rates but only for women.

Question 32

Studies examining the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments for pathological gambling show mixed results. This may be due to:

A) high treatment dropout rates.
B) short follow-up periods.
C) a range of different measures used to measure outcome.
D) None of the given options are correct.
E) All of the given options are correct.

Question 33

Research from the United Kingdom has shown that those with a substance abuse disorder have a life expectancy approximately:

A) 5 years less than the general population.
B) 10 years less than the general population.
C) 14 years less than the general population.
D) 20 years less than the general population.
E) 25 years less than the general population.

Question 34

Monozygotic twins have higher concordance rates for substance use disorder:

A) only for alcohol.
B) only for cannabis.
C) only for tobacco.
D) for alcohol, cannabis and tobacco.
E) only for alcohol and only for males.

Question 35

What percentage of gamblers suffer comorbid alcohol abuse?

A) 5 per cent.
B) 10 per cent
C) 20 per cent
D) 30 per cent
E) 40 per cent