Deck 3: Mood Disorders

Question 1

The suicide rate in Australia has _______ since the late 1990s.

A) declined
B) increased
C) stayed the same
D) doubled
E) None of the given options is correct.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Unipolar depression is different from normal unhappiness in that:

A) it is precipitated by psychosocial stressors.
B) it is precipitated by negative life events.
C) the depressed mood is more intense and/or lasts longer.
D) it involves manic episodes.
E) it is accompanied by physical symptoms.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Postnatal depression is a:

A) brief period of depression after childbirth, occurring in 70 per cent of women.
B) less-common but serious disorder after childbirth, which may include symptoms of psychosis.
C) seasonal affective disorder.
D) mild long-term condition, involving low mood, which does not meet criteria for depression.
E) type of depression that does not respond to medication.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

After a first episode of depression, most people will:

A) seek professional treatment as soon as possible.
B) recover within one week.
C) make a suicide attempt.
D) never have another depressive episode (relapse).
E) have another depressive episode (relapse) within 5 years.

Question 5

A major depressive disorder is characterised by the following symptoms except:

A) grandiosity.
B) weight loss.
C) sleep disturbance.
D) psychomotor agitation or retardation.
E) excessive guilt feelings.

Question 6

Established risk factors for bipolar disorders include:

A) biological/genetic factors.
B) stressful life events.
C) temperament.
D) All of the given optionsare correct.
E) None of the given options are correct.

Question 7

According to the World Health Organization's assessment of the burden of diseases and disorders:

A) unipolar depression is associated with a high level of disability.
B) bipolar disorder is associated with a high level of disability.
C) both unipolar depression and bipolar depression are associated with a high level of disability.
D) neither unipolar depression nor bipolar depression is associated with a high level of disability.
E) unipolar and bipolar depression are associated with a high level of disability only for women.

Question 8

Among adolescents in developed countries, depressive disorders:

A) are more common in boys than in girls.
B) are more common in girls than in boys.
C) are equally common in boys and girls.
D) are more common in urban than in rural young people.
E) have been decreasing in prevalence in the last 10 to 15 years.

Question 9

The association between depression and physical/medical illness is not explained by:

A) better immune functioning in people with depression.
B) ongoing stressors of dealing with a medical illness.
C) physical/hormonal changes due to medical illness.
D) unhealthy lifestyle choices by people with depression.
E) a virus common among people with depression.

Question 10

Which of the following does current research evidence not support as an effective treatment for depression?

A) interpersonal psychotherapy
B) medication
C) cognitive behaviour therapy
D) psychodynamic therapy
E) All of the given options are effective treatments for depression.

Question 11

For a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, a person must have experienced at least one:

A) major depressive episode.
B) psychotic episode.
C) dysthymic episode.
D) anxiety episode.
E) manic or hypomanic episode.

Question 12

On average, an individual with bipolar disorder is likely to experience:

A) more time being manic or hypomanic than being depressed.
B) more time being depressed than being manic or hypomanic.
C) equal time being depressed and being manic or hypomanic.
D) only time being manic, no time being depressed.
E)
None of the given options is correct-none of these patterns is more common than the others.

Question 13

When treating people with bipolar disorder, offering psychoeducation sessions as well as medication is likely to:

A) trigger a mood shift to the opposite pole.
B) be ineffective due to their current symptoms.
C) increase the rate of relapse.
D) reduce the rate of relapse.
E) decrease compliance with medication.

Question 14

When treating someone with a bipolar disorder, a cognitive behaviour therapist would not expect to:

A) identify maladaptive thoughts and behaviour patterns.
B) alleviate acute symptoms.
C) reduce relapse rates.
D) improve adherence to medication.
E) cure the disorder.

Question 15

The Goal Dysregulation Model suggests that mania is the result of:

A) cognitive distortions.
B) mood swings.
C) stress.
D) psychomotor retardation.
E) excessive goal engagement.

Question 16

Within 6 months following treatment, approximately what percentage of people with major depression will experience recovery?

A) 5 per cent
B) 15 per cent
C) 35 per cent
D) 50 per cent
E) 80 per cent

Question 17

Neuroendocrine (hormonal) theories of depression suggest that one cause of depression may be:

A) an underactive HPA axis producing too few stress hormones.
B) an overactive HPA axis producing too many stress hormones.
C) reduced availability of monoamine neurotransmitters.
D) structural or functional abnormalities of brain structures.
E) decreased availability of dopamine within the brain.

Question 18

Seligman's Learned Helplessness Theory suggests that depressive disorders may develop when individuals interpret negative life events as being due to:

A) external events which they cannot control.
B) magnification and minimisation.
C) negative events in childhood.
D) high levels of expressed emotion.
E) internal, global and stable factors.

Question 19

Aaron Beck's definition of the 'negative cognitive triad' does not include a negative view of the:

A) past.
B) future.
C) self.
D) world.
E) None of the given options areincluded in the triad.

Question 20

Aaron Beck's cognitive theory of depression suggests that in individuals with depression:

A) dysfunctional negative cognitions result in depressive symptoms.
B) depressive symptoms lead to negative cognitions.
C)
Dysfunctional negative cognitions result in depressive symptoms and depressive symptoms lead to negative cognitions.
D)
Neither do dysfunctional negative cognitions result in depressive symptoms nor do depressive symptoms lead to negative cognitions.
E) depressive symptoms result in negative cognitions.

Question 21

A new mood disorder-mixed anxiety depressive disorder-has been incorporated into the DSM-5 for all of the following reasons except:

A) the strong comorbidity between depression and anxiety problems.
B) the increased risk of suicide associated with mixed anxiety and depression.
C) the longer length of the depressive episode when depression is mixed with anxiety.
D) to enable clinicians to identify people at risk of a full-blown major depressive disorder or a significant anxiety disorder.
E) All of the given options are correct.

Question 22

An Australian research team has argued for a subtyping model with three broad classes of depressive disorders: psychotic, melancholic and non-melancholic. Which of the following are theorised to be primarily biologically based?

A) melancholic and non-melancholic depression
B) psychotic and melancholic depression
C) psychotic and non-melancholic depression
D) psychotic and non-psychotic
E) melancholic, non-melancholic and psychotic

Question 23

Behavioural theories of depression focus on the environmental conditions and contingencies and suggest that depression is maintained because of:

A) negative beliefs about the self and others.
B) benefits for depressed behaviours, fewer benefits for healthy behaviours.
C) reduced serotonin.
D) dysfunctional parent-child relationships
E) None of the given options are correct.

Question 24

The family communication style known as high expressed emotion (EE) entails high levels of all of the following except:

A) support.
B) criticism.
C) hostility.
D) over-involvement.
E) All of the given optionsare part of high EE.

Question 25

Which of the following are considered protective factors that reduce an individual's chance of depression?

A) good interpersonal skills and positive relationships with others
B) high levels of family cohesion
C) a temperament characterised by optimism and low anxiety
D) an openness to the possibility of exploring new experiences
E) All of the given options are correct.

Question 26

A major depressive disorder with melancholy has all the following features except:

A) inability to experience pleasure.
B) early morning wakening.
C) excessive guilt.
D) weight loss.
E) catatonic symptoms.

Question 27

What percentage of people with a major depressive disorder also experience significant anxietysymptoms?

A) 5 per cent
B) 10 per cent
C) 25 per cent
D) 50 per cent
E) 70 per cent

Question 28

In the DSM-5 dysthymic disorder has been renamed as:

A) depressive personality disorder.
B) low level chronic depressive disorder.
C) persistent depressive disorder.
D) mood dysregulation disorder.
E) endogenous depression.

Question 29

The shorter form of the 5-HTTLPT gene sequence is associated with:

A) greater efficiency in serotonin reuptake at brain synapses.
B) lower efficiency in serotonin reuptake at brain synapses.
C) greater efficiency in dopamine reuptake at brain synapses.
D) lower efficiency in dopamine reuptake at brain synapses.
E) none of the options.

Question 30

Risk factors associated with the development of a depressive disorder in young people include all of the following except:

A) previous history of depression.
B) cigarette smoking.
C) history of abuse.
D) family conflict.
E) None of the options given are correct.

Question 31

Which of the following is not typically associated with a manic episode?

A) inflated or expansive mood
B) inflated self esteem
C) high trait anxiety
D) risk taking
E) grandiosity

Question 32

The primary difference between a manic episode and a hypomanic episode is that:

A) a manic episode lasts longer.
B) a manic episode has catatonic symptoms.
C) a hypomanic episode is less severe.
D) a hypomanic episode is triggered by stress.
E) None of the given options are correct.

Question 33

Relapse prevention treatment for bipolar disorder includes all of the following except:

A) psychoeducation.
B) symptom monitoring.
C) challenging unhelpful cognitions.
D) taking medication only when feeling unwell.
E) being aware of early warning signs of relapse.

Question 34

The instability model of bipolar disorder relapseassumes four mechanisms that trigger relapse. They include all of the following except:

A) medication non-adherence.
B) disrupted routines (e.g., working longer).
C) high state of anxiety.
D) a biological vulnerability.
E) dysfunctional cognitions.

Question 35

With regards to bipolar I disorder:

A) It is more common in women.
B) It is more common in men.
C) It is equally common in men and women.
D) It is only found in women.
E) The gender ratio is unknown.