Deck 3: Policing and Law Enforcement

Question 1

The three primary responsibilities of police work include all but which of the following?

A) Law enforcement
B) Public relations
C) Order maintenance
D) Service

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is/are not aspects of police work explored by James Q. Wilson?

A) Service
B) Law enforcement
C) Order maintenance
D) "a" and "c"
E) None of the above; all were addressed by Wilson.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

A prime function of police work that ensures the safety of the community by denying criminals the opportunity to commit crime and by defusing volatile situations before they reach the point of violence is

A) law enforcement.
B) crime prevention.
C) order maintenance.
D) deterrence.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The Professional Era of American policing was marked by which of the following?

A) Police were poorly trained, and often corrupt.
B) Urban unrest, including riots and other protests
C) Serious attempts to improve training and incorporate scientific methods into criminal
Investigations
D) The emergence of women's rights and gay rights
E) None of the above

Question 5

The case of Mapp v. Ohio did what?

A) Required police to inform suspects of their right to remain silent
B) Imposed the federal exclusionary rule onto the state courts
C) Required police to advise suspects of their right to demand a search warrant
D) Imposed the federal implications rule onto state courts
E) None of the above; Mapp v. Ohio was a free speech case.

Question 6

The 1967 report of the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice found the police were

A) poorly educated.
B) poorly led.
C) poorly trained.
D) poorly equipped.
E) all of the above.

Question 7

Which of the following was not a finding of the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment about routine patrol?

A) It had almost no impact on crime.
B) It reduced fear of crime.
C) It increased citizen awareness of the police.
D) It had no impact on citizen confidence.

Question 8

The Flint Neighborhood Foot Patrol Program supported the argument that greater contact between police and citizens was an important goal.

Question 9

Which of the following was a major finding of the Minneapolis Domestic Violence
Experiment?

A) The police themselves were major perpetrators of domestic violence.
B) Most domestic violence victims did not want police help.
C) Arrest had a greater deterrent effect on future domestic violence than police
Believed.
D) Arrest greatly increased the potential for future domestic violence.
E) Police tended to arrest both abuser and victim in order to discourage future calls.

Question 10

Which of the following emphasizes analysis of crimes and situations, the identification of specific causes and solutions, and the reliance on other agencies to help bring about solutions?

A) Broken Windows
B) Order maintenance
C) Problem-oriented policing
D) Task-force policing

Question 11

The idea of police enforcing low-level law violations that had previously been ignored, such as sidewalk drug sales, loitering, turnstile-jumping in the subways, loud music, and public drinking is indicative of

A) zero tolerance.
B) Broken Windows.
C) professional policing.
D) deterrence.

Question 12

In the contemporary era, which of the following are social conflicts that have direct
Implications for the American police?

A) The debate of immigration
B) The resurgence of the American Nazi and white power movements, the
Corresponding rise of the AntiFa movement
C) The increased use of police officers to enforce school discipline
D) All of the above
E) "a" and "b" only

Question 13

The _________ is one of the oldest police offices and in many states is authorized by the state constitution.

A) constable
B) state police
C) sheriff
D) coroner

Question 14

Multi-Jurisdictional Task Forces usually operate under the direction of the

A) United States District Attorney.
B) Justice Department.
C) County Attorney.
D) FBI.

Question 15

Few police departments employ civilians (also called nonsworn or contract employees) to perform tasks that do not require the extensive training and experience of a sworn officer.

Question 16

____________ refers to a policy of keeping officers assigned to one specific area consistently in order to develop knowledge about the players and build relationships with the community.

A) Precincts
B) Beat integrity
C) Contract city
D) Foot patrol

Question 17

Under steady shifts, work hours are determined by a lottery system conducted by the union on an annual basis.

Question 18

____________ mean that deputies begin their careers working in the jails, unarmed, supervising prisoners and move into patrol when a position becomes available.

A) Seniority
B) Dual-entry tracks
C) Single-entry tracks
D) Training tracks

Question 19

Pre-service certification for law enforcement positions typically includes all but which of the following?

A) Written tests
B) Psychological tests
C) Sponsorship
D) Background checks

Question 20

Stress-based academies have all but which of the following characteristics?

A) Residential and isolated from other groups
B) Subject the recruits to hazing and harassment
C) Incorporate military trappings such as marching in formation
D) Interweave classroom instruction with practical, hands-on exercises

Question 21

__________________ programs provide a bridge between academy learning and autonomous authority in the field.

A) Stress-based academies
B) Field training officer
C) Campus academies
D) Military training officers

Question 22

Police operations using officers posing as prostitutes in order to arrest those who solicit them for sex are called

A) targeted enforcement.
B) John details.
C) vice sweeps.
D) red-light crackdowns.

Question 23

Factors related to the development of a police subculture include all but which of the following?

A) Recruitment of certain types of individuals
B) The development of problem-oriented policing
C) The working personality of policing
D) Stereotypes about police

Question 24

Racial profiling as a harassment topic has developed as a result of

A) efforts to intercept the transportation of bulk drugs.
B) racial unrest in the cities.
C) civil rights movement.
D) academic research on police behavior.

Question 25

The blue wall of silence refers to police officers' unwillingness to take action against other officers due to mistrust of their superiors and fear of alienating their brother and sister officers.

Question 26

Police are far more likely to deal with people who are drunk, high, or overwhelmed by life's stresses than they are to deal with desperate criminals.

Question 27

Crime prevention is a prime function of police work.

Question 28

Which of the following is not a crime prevention function under Neighborhood Watch?

A) Property-marking schemes
B) Dynamic entry service of warrants
C) Citizen patrols
D) Safe Havens for children
E) None; all of the above are Neighborhood Watch activities.

Question 29

Which of the following are tools police can use for order maintenance?

A) Mediation
B) Arrest or the threat of arrest
C) Referrals to other agencies
D) All of the above
E) "a" and "c" only

Question 30

Which Supreme Court case applied the Exclusionary Rule to state courts, and thus the actions of local police?

A) Miranda v. Arizona
B) Stinson v. Lab
C) Mapp v. Ohio
D) Tennessee v. Garner
E) Buck v. Bell

Question 31

What was the main finding of the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment?

A) Rapid response was the most effective police patrol tactic.
B) Police patrol did not have a substantial deterrent effect on crime.
C) Citizens preferred police to do foot patrol rather than motorized patrol.
D) Making numerous arrests deterred crime.
E) None of the above

Question 32

Which of the following best summarizes the idea behind "Broken Windows"?

A) If police tend to minor infractions, major crime will go down.
B) Dynamic entry through windows is a better tactic than going through doors.
C) There comes a point where there are too many broken windows to be able to save a neighborhood from crime.
D) citizens whose homes have been vandalized are much more likely to participate in Neighborhood Watch.
E) All of the above

Question 33

What experiment proved that police arrest had more positive deterrent effect on a particular crime type than other police responses?

A) The Flint Neighborhood Foot Patrol Program
B) The Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment
C) The Hot Spots of Crime Experiment
D) The Broken Windows Experiment
E) The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment

Question 34

Intelligence-Led Policing is best described as thwarting crime through

A) the use of snitches.
B) random preventive patrol.
C) intensified preventive patrol.
D) analysis of crime patterns and other information.
E) none of the above.

Question 35

Which of the following is not one of the standard structural police agencies?

A) Local police
B) State Police or State Patrol
C) Sheriff's Office
D) Special jurisdiction police
E) None; all of the above are standard police agency structures.

Question 36

Almost all federal law enforcement officers are trained at

A) the FBI Academy in Quantico, VA.
B) the DEA. Academy in Quantico, VA.
C) the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center in Glynco, GA.
D) the three major service academies (West Point, Annapolis, and the U.S.
Air Force Academy).
E) none of the above.

Question 37

The oldest federal law enforcement agency in the United States is the

A) FBI.
B) U.S. Marshals Service.
C) Drug Enforcement Administration.
D) Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives.
E) Secret Service.

Question 38

State, county, and local police agencies allocate their staff according to which of the following?

A) Geography
B) Time of day
C) Specialized functions
D) All of the above
E) "a" and "b" only

Question 39

The two primary models of police shift work are

A) detectives and civilians.
B) rotating shift and investigations.
C) steady shifts and rotating shifts.
D) personal crimes and property crimes.
E) law enforcement and order maintenance/service.

Question 40

A person must be hired by a police agency in order to attend a police academy.

Question 41

After completing the police academy training, most new police officers undergo a period of

A) undercover work, because they are new faces the crooks will not recognize.
B) a background check, either with or without a polygraph.
C) a field training program with an experienced officer.
D) a John detail.
E) none of the above.

Question 42

Which of the following is not a potential police specialization area?

A) Marine and water rescue
B) SWAT/SRT (Special Response Team)
C) School resource officer (SRO)
D) Supervisors of civilianized agency units
E) None; all of the above are potential special assignments.

Question 43

Which of the following is/are elements of the "working personality" of a police officer described by Skolnick?

A) Authority
B) Cynicism
C) Empathy
D) "a" and "b" only
E) All of the above

Question 44

Police use of force does not include which of the following?

A) Deadly force (shootings and other force applications)
B) Firm grip
C) Pain compliance
D) Less-lethal weaponry (bean bag rounds, stun grenades, tasers, etc.)
E) None; all of the above are part of the force continuum.

Question 45

Consent decrees mandate specific changes to police agency practices in response to findings that citizens' rights have been denied systematically.

Question 46

Which of the following represents new technologies that potentially have long range consequences for the police?

A) Drones
B) GPS and cell phone technologies
C) Nanotechnology
D) All of the above
E) "b" and "c" only

Question 47

What is the primary mission of the police according to Peel?

Question 48

Explain what was meant by "Broken Windows."

Question 49

Compare and contrast problem-oriented and community-oriented policing.

Question 50

Outline the use of force continuum.

Question 51

Identify and discuss at least 2 emerging issues in policing.

Question 52

Describe some of the major problems that can arise from the effects of the police subculture.

Question 53

Describe the "Blue Wall of Silence."

Question 54

What is the difference between "single-entry" and "dual-entry" hiring tracks in sheriff's offices?

Question 55

What is the difference between the "stress-based" and the "campus-based" police academy models?

Question 56

What emerging social issues are likely to have an impact on American police in the near future?