Deck 14: Lymphatic System and Body Defense

Question 1

Neutrophils and lymphocytes are the primary phagocytic cells in the body's defense mechanism.

Answer 1

False
Neutrophils and macrophages (monocytes)are the primary phagocytic cells.

Question 2

The thymus generally enlarges after puberty to provide additional protection for the adolescent.

Answer 2

False
The thymus generally regresses after puberty.

Question 3

A secondary response relies on memory cells.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The thoracic duct drains lymph from all of the following regions EXCEPT the

A) right leg
B) left arm
C) left leg
D) right arm
E) left side of the face

Question 5

The wall of a lymph capillary is composed of overlapping cells that form one-way valves.These cells are

A) simple squamous epithelium
B) stratified squamous epithelium
C) simple cuboidal epithelium
D) loose connective tissue
E) smooth muscle cells

Question 6

Immunoglobulins are antibodies.

Question 7

A molecule,generally a protein,that triggers an immune response is an antigen.

Question 8

Lymph capillaries in the small intestine that absorb fats are called

A) lacteals
B) chyle
C) cisterna chili
D) lymphatic trunks

Question 9

Active immunity last longer than passive immunity.

Question 10

The smallest lymphatic vessels are the lymphatic

A) ducts
B) capillaries
C) trunks
D) nodes

Question 11

All of the following are functions of the lymphatic system EXCEPT to

A) return excess interstitial fluid to venous blood
B) facilitate the absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins
C) increase the osmotic pressure of the blood
D) defend the body against invading microorganisms and disease

Question 12

The spleen filters lymph in addition to serving as a reservoir for blood.

Question 13

Most lymphatic vessels drain into the

A) thoracic duct
B) right lymphatic duct
C) inferior vena cava
D) pulmonary veins
E) right subclavian vein

Question 14

Vaccines are used to provide passive artificial immunity.

Question 15

There are generally more afferent vessels associated with a lymph node than efferent vessels.

Question 16

Lymph enters a lymph capillary by

A) diffusion through the wall of the capillary
B) osmosis through the wall of the capillary
C) pressure from the accumulation of fluid that forces the fluid between the cells that make up the wall
D) pressure from the contraction of the heart

Question 17

All of the following are components of the lymphatic system EXCEPT

A) tonsils
B) thymus
C) spleen
D) liver

Question 18

One of the functions of the lymphatic system is to pick up excess interstitial fluid and return it to venous blood.This process

A) occurs only when blood capillaries are not functioning properly
B) helps to maintain normal blood volume and prevent edema
C) occurs only in the lower extremities where blood tends to pool and plasma leaks out of the capillaries
D) keeps a normal electrolyte balance in the interstitial fluid
E) allows blood to be cleansed by phagocytic cells in the lymphatic system

Question 19

B-cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity.

Question 20

Lymph is

A) excess plasma
B) interstitial fluid that has entered a lymph capillary
C) blood that has escaped through a broken vessel
D) a suspension of formed elements and water

Question 21

The principal phagocytic cells that function in defense against disease are

A) T-cells and B-cells
B) neutrophils and macrophages
C) monocytes and macrophages
D) neutrophils and mast cells
E) macrophages and plasma cells

Question 22

The only structure that filters lymph and produces lymphocytes is the

A) tonsil
B) spleen
C) lymph node
D) thymus

Question 23

The lymphatic organ that filters blood and acts as a reservoir for blood is the

A) thymus
B) tonsil
C) lymph node
D) spleen
E) Peyer's patch

Question 24

All of the following are locations of lymph node clusters EXCEPT _____ nodes in the _____.

A) inguinal; groin
B) cephalic; brain
C) axillary; armpit
D) cervical; neck

Question 25

The lymphatic organ that functions in the maturation of T-lymphocytes is the

A) thymus
B) tonsil
C) lymph node
D) spleen
E) liver

Question 26

The body's ability to counteract the effect of pathogens is called

A) susceptibility
B) resistance
C) vulnerability
D) immunity
E) phagocytosis

Question 27

Which of the following factors accounts for the fact that the passage of lymph through a lymph node is slowed down to allow time for cleansing action?

A) There are more afferent vessels than efferent vessels.
B) There are valves where the afferent vessels enter the node to regulate the flow of lymph.
C) Lymph nodes are located where flow is naturally slow because there is no pressure gradient.
D) There is no resistance to flow in the lymph nodes, consequently there is no pressure and rate of flow is reduced.

Question 28

The lymphatic organ that is located in the mediastinum,just anterior to the ascending aorta,is the

A) cardiac lymph node
B) aortic tonsil
C) thoracic duct
D) thymus

Question 29

The tonsils that are located in the nasopharynx and are called adenoids when they are enlarged are the _____ tonsils.

A) lingual
B) palatine
C) pharyngeal
D) laryngeal

Question 30

All of the following are part of nonspecific defense EXCEPT

A) lymphocytes
B) mechanical barriers
C) inflammation
D) phagocytosis
E) chemical action of complement

Question 31

Interferon is produced by

A) phagocytic cells
B) T-lymphocytes
C) virus-infected cells
D) B-lymphocytes
E) plasma cells

Question 32

The enlargement that forms the beginning of the thoracic duct in the abdomen is called the

A) lacteal
B) cisterna chili
C) tonsil
D) Peyer's patch
E) terminus interruptus

Question 33

All of the following are factors in the flow of lymph EXCEPT

A) respiratory movements that produce pressure gradients
B) valves that prevent the backflow of lymph in the vessels
C) skeletal muscle action that produces pressure gradients
D) contraction of the heart that produces pressure to move the lymph

Question 34

The action of interferon offers some protection against

A) inflammation
B) bacteria
C) skin infections
D) viruses
E) suppressor T-cell action

Question 35

The vessel that receives lymph from regions not drained by the thoracic duct is the

A) left lymphatic duct
B) left lumbar trunk
C) right lumbar trunk
D) right lymphatic duct

Question 36

All of the following represent first line barriers against microbial invasion EXCEPT

A) intact skin
B) flowing fluids such as tears, saliva, and urine
C) lysozyme, sebum, hydrochloric acid
D) intact mucous membranes
E) inflammation and phagocytosis

Question 37

A disease-producing organism is called a(n)

A) microorganism
B) culprit
C) pathogen
D) virus
E) antigen

Question 38

The chemical action of complement

A) promotes the production of interferon
B) promotes inflammation and phagocytosis
C) inhibits production of B-cell clones
D) enhances the action of lysozyme and hydrochloric acid
E) stimulates production of T-cells in the thymus

Question 39

Clusters of lymphatic tissue that intercept microorganisms that may enter through the nose and mouth are called

A) lymph nodes
B) tonsils
C) splenic nodules
D) thymus
E) Peyer's patches

Question 40

All of the following are functions of the spleen EXCEPT which one?

A) filters and cleanses the blood
B) processes glucose for use as energy
C) acts as a reservoir for blood, which can be added to general circulation to restore blood pressure in case of hemorrhage
D) destroys old and worn out erythrocytes

Question 41

Lymphadenotomy is

A) stopping the flow of lymph
B) study of lymph vessels
C) inflammation of lymph glands
D) incision into a lymph gland
E) formation of lymph

Question 42

Two characteristics of specific defense mechanisms are

A) lymphocytes and macrophages
B) specificity and memory
C) T-cells and B-cells
D) natural and artificial immunity
E) barriers and chemicals

Question 43

T-lymphocytes differentiate in the

A) thymus
B) thyroid
C) tonsils
D) trachea
E) spleen

Question 44

The major immunoglobulin in primary and secondary immune responses is

A) IgG
B) IgA
C) IgM
D) IgD
E) IgE

Question 45

All of the following are characteristics of localized inflammation EXCEPT

A) redness
B) pain
C) local heat
D) fever
E) swelling

Question 46

Antibodies may cross the placenta to provide immunity for the newborn infant.This is an example of _____ immunity.

A) natural
B) primary
C) active
D) artificial

Question 47

You step on a dirty,rusty nail and the physician gives you an injection of tetanus immunoglobulin.This is an example of _____ immunity.

A) active natural
B) active artificial
C) passive natural
D) passive artificial

Question 48

Immunoglobulins are

A) plasma cells
B) antibodies
C) B-lymphocytes
D) memory cells
E) antigenic proteins

Question 49

B-lymphocytes form clones of

A) memory B-cells only
B) plasma cells only
C) immature B-cells
D) memory B-cells and plasma cells

Question 50

The function of plasma cells is to

A) produce more B-cells
B) phagocytize bacteria
C) produce antibodies
D) stimulate clones of T-cells

Question 51

B-lymphocytes are involved in

A) delayed immunity
B) cell-mediated immunity
C) antibody-mediated immunity
D) the inflammatory response

Question 52

In order for lymphocytes to recognize an antigen,it is engulfed and presented on the surface of a

A) helper T-cell
B) B-lymphocyte
C) mast cell
D) plasma cell
E) macrophage

Question 53

All of the following are characteristic of antigens EXCEPT

A) interpreted as foreign or nonself
B) large protein or polysaccharide molecule
C) found in the gamma globulin portion of plasma
D) triggers an immune reaction

Question 54

The secondary response to a pathogen is _____ than the primary response.

A) faster
B) slower
C) less effective
D) of shorter duration

Question 55

The surgical fixation of a movable spleen is called

A) splenemia
B) splenopexy
C) splenomegaly
D) lymphadenotomy
E) lymphangiology

Question 56

The type of T-cell that stimulates the activation of B-lymphocytes is the _____ T-cell.

A) suppressor
B) helper
C) memory
D) killer

Question 57

Immunity that you obtain by producing antibodies against a specific pathogen is _____ immunity.

A) passive
B) primary
C) active
D) artificial

Question 58

If localized inflammation is not successful,a dangerous systemic inflammation may result.All of the following are characteristics of systemic inflammation EXCEPT

A) leukocytosis
B) fever
C) decreased blood pressure
D) decreased capillary permeability

Question 59

The effects of chemical mediators released by damaged tissues include all of the following EXCEPT

A) chemotaxis
B) vasodilation
C) stimulate production of interferon
D) increase capillary permeability

Question 60

Most,about 70%,of the circulating lymphocytes are

A) T-lymphocytes
B) B-lymphocytes
C) undifferentiated lymphocytes
D) phagocytic lymphocytes

Question 61

What are the four clones of T-lymphocytes?

Question 62

What is the major antibody in primary and secondary immune responses?

Question 63

What is produced by virus-infected cells to provide protection for surrounding cells?

Question 64

What is the term for the structures that filter lymph?

Question 65

What is the term for the effective mechanical barrier against entry of pathogens?

Question 66

What is the term for the tissue where T-lymphocytes differentiate and mature?

Question 67

What is the term for the largest lymphatic organ in the body; also filters blood?

Question 68

What is the term for the B-cell clone that produces antibodies?

Question 69

What is the term for the cell that ingests and processes antigens in both cell-mediated and humoral immunity?

Question 70

What is the term for the lack of resistance to disease?

Question 71

What is the term for the substance that induces fever in systemic inflammation?

Question 72

What is the term for the vessel that drains lymph from the upper right quadrant of the body?

Question 73

What is the term for the smallest lymphatic vessels?

Question 74

What is the term for the clusters of lymphatic tissue under the mucous membrane of the nose,mouth,and throat?

Question 75

What is the term for the type of immunity obtained when an infant receives IgA antibodies from mother's milk?