Deck 3: Money and Markets

Question 1

Uncontrolled market forces tend toward which of the following outcomes or consequences according to your text?

A) Increased production
B) Increased negative environmental consequences
C) Increased inequality
D) All of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A positive "externality" could be defined as a:

A) set of local growth coalitions.
B) benefit not taken into account in an economic decision.
C) decreased productivity.
D) an invisible pressure of treadmills of consumption.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

One example of a "negative externality" is:

A) increased pollution.
B) unintended negative environmental consequences.
C) increased inequality.
D) all of the above.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following definitions explains "externality?

A) Those environmental problems that are beyond the control of individuals
B) Pressure from citizens outside an organization to demand corrective action by a company that pollutes
C) Economic effects not taken into account in the decision making in a market
D) When a third party joins in the ecological dialogue

Question 5

What is a likely outcome of the struggle to stay on the treadmill of production?

A) Increased economic equality
B) Ecological protection
C) Lower levels of production
D) Monopoly control

Question 6

Which of the following are examples of "use value of place"?

A) New housing developments
B) High levels of mobility and transition among residents
C) Open land being maintained for a park rather than sold
D) Pro-growth business coalitions

Question 7

Which of the following defines the "exchange value of place"?

A) Identification with landscape
B) Aesthetic appeal for locals
C) Strong neighborhoods
D) The ways places can be used to make money

Question 8

How do treadmills of production tend to make the economy act like it has "invisible elbows"?

A) By deliberately and inadvertently causing environmental degradation
B) By battling for economic survival of the fittest
C) By guiding all towards prosperity due to competition
D) All of the above

Question 9

What are periphery regions?

A) Parts of core countries
B) Regions with less political and economic power that are drained by core regions
C) Most powerful regions in world system theory
D) Regions that include the United States and Canada

Question 10

"Positive regulation" is best understood as:

A) regulation free from politics.
B) regulation further freeing the market.
C) employing a zero-sum approach to economic freedom.
D) enabling government interference in markets.

Question 11

"Negative regulation" could be defined as:?

A) regulation from interference.
B) regulation enabling interference from tax codes.
C) regulation to the advantage for individuals, not corporations.
D) regulation of comparative advantage.

Question 12

How do governments intervene in the "free market"?

A) Maintenance of money supply
B) Provision of roads
C) Enforcement of property laws
D) All of the above

Question 13

What is the economic manifestation of the general social process of the "accumulation of advantage?

A) As national GDPs grow, so does economic equality.
B) Workers gain greater rights over time.
C) The wealthy can take better advantage of economic opportunities.
D) All modern governments try to promote economic growth.

Question 14

Why might attempts to stay on the treadmill result in monopolization, according to your text?

A) Competitive adjustments allow all businesses to grow.
B) Labor rights conflict with values of big business.
C) Economic competition force businesses to get big or get out.
D) All of the above.

Question 15

The treadmill of underconsumption tends toward which of the following outcomes, according to your text?

A) Conspicuous non-consumption
B) Inequality of consumption
C) A "vicious dialogical circle"
D) Acceleration of the treadmill of production

Question 16

The concept of "disproportionality" accounts for which of the following outcomes or consequences?

A) Different economic actors have more or less impact on the environment.
B) Most pollution comes from a small number of economic actors.
C) The treadmill of production theory may not apply unilaterally to everyone.
D) All of the above.

Question 17

O'Connor argues that the crisis of overproduction stems from a "contradiction" in the structure of the economy. What does this mean?

A) Large economic actors which employ the most laborers also most harm the environment.
B) Growth that comes with the modernization of core countries erodes wages.
C) The treadmill of production at once improves ecological outcomes and degrades social values.
D) Regardless of technological advances, markets, labor costs, and politics, overproduction will always lower profit margins and spin the treadmill of production faster.

Question 18

In World Systems Theory, the periphery includes:

A) countries with less political and economic power.
B) the most powerful countries that exacerbate economic differences for profit.
C) regions that are just now bursting onto the world stage.
D) countries with minimal environmental externalities.

Question 19

Environmental economist Michael Jacobs argues that certain forms of economic growth may be beneficial to the environment. What would be a good example?

A) The promotion of green technologies that reduce emissions
B) The development of internal treadmills of production
C) The creation of faster forms of computing technology that could hasten modeling of climate change
D) The expansion of landfill stations to better incorporate technological waste

Question 20

According to World Systems Theory, Turkey is a good example of which type of country?

A) The core
B) The semi-periphery
C) The world system
D) The periphery

Question 21

Zero-sum describes situations where on person's advantage depends on another's disadvantage.

Question 22

Technological improvements that reduce labor are usually followed by heightened expectations and higher standards of quality that require more labor and wipe out the original savings.

Question 23

The treadmill of production describes the invisible hand that pushes capitalism.

Question 24

The theory of disproportionality says that most industrial pollution comes from relatively few sources.

Question 25

The crisis of underproduction suggests that producers undermine their ability to produce goods by externalizing environmental and social consequences of production.

Question 26

The problem of the original capitalist is the ever-present wage-price gap.

Question 27

Capitalism works because of debt.

Question 28

What is the metabolic rift?

Question 29

Give an example of how large-scale hog confinements negatively impact each of the following: 1) sustainability, 2) environmental justice, and 3) the rights and beauty of nature.

Question 30

Using factory farms as an example, explain why externalities often remain "external"?

Question 31

It is widely argued that one of the primary causes of environmental decline worldwide is the structural need of capitalist economies to grow, leading to ever more withdrawals from the bank account of ecological productivity. What are the structural origins of the need for capitalist economies to grow? Note: The best answers will cover the role of both production and consumption in explaining the need for economic growth?

Question 32

Explain how our attitudes toward money contribute to economic growth?

Question 33

Explain how the controversial expansion of large-scale hog confinements (factory farms) in Iowa contributes to each of the following: 1) the politics of treadmills and 2) the invisible communities. Give examples.?

Question 34

Explain how the treadmill of production and the treadmill of consumption are "dialogically interconnected."?

Question 35

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use answers more than once.)
-____ Robert K. Merton

A) Accumulation of advantage
B) Treadmill of production
C) Urban growth machine
D) Invisible hand
E) Invisible elbow
F) Treadmill of consumption
G) World systems theory
H) Core and periphery
I) Use values
J) Hidden subsidies
K) Crisis of overproduction

Question 36

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use answers more than once.)
-____ Alan Schnaiberg

A) Accumulation of advantage
B) Treadmill of production
C) Urban growth machine
D) Invisible hand
E) Invisible elbow
F) Treadmill of consumption
G) World systems theory
H) Core and periphery
I) Use values
J) Hidden subsidies
K) Crisis of overproduction

Question 37

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use answers more than once.)
-____ Harvey Molotch & John Logan

A) Accumulation of advantage
B) Treadmill of production
C) Urban growth machine
D) Invisible hand
E) Invisible elbow
F) Treadmill of consumption
G) World systems theory
H) Core and periphery
I) Use values
J) Hidden subsidies
K) Crisis of overproduction

Question 38

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use answers more than once.)
-____ Adam Smith

A) Accumulation of advantage
B) Treadmill of production
C) Urban growth machine
D) Invisible hand
E) Invisible elbow
F) Treadmill of consumption
G) World systems theory
H) Core and periphery
I) Use values
J) Hidden subsidies
K) Crisis of overproduction

Question 39

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use answers more than once.)
-____ Michael Jacobs

A) Accumulation of advantage
B) Treadmill of production
C) Urban growth machine
D) Invisible hand
E) Invisible elbow
F) Treadmill of consumption
G) World systems theory
H) Core and periphery
I) Use values
J) Hidden subsidies
K) Crisis of overproduction

Question 40

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use answers more than once.)
-____ Alan Schnaiberg

A) Accumulation of advantage
B) Treadmill of production
C) Urban growth machine
D) Invisible hand
E) Invisible elbow
F) Treadmill of consumption
G) World systems theory
H) Core and periphery
I) Use values
J) Hidden subsidies
K) Crisis of overproduction

Question 41

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use answers more than once.)
-____ Immanuel Wallerstein

A) Accumulation of advantage
B) Treadmill of production
C) Urban growth machine
D) Invisible hand
E) Invisible elbow
F) Treadmill of consumption
G) World systems theory
H) Core and periphery
I) Use values
J) Hidden subsidies
K) Crisis of overproduction

Question 42

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use answers more than once.)
-____ Dependency theory

A) Accumulation of advantage
B) Treadmill of production
C) Urban growth machine
D) Invisible hand
E) Invisible elbow
F) Treadmill of consumption
G) World systems theory
H) Core and periphery
I) Use values
J) Hidden subsidies
K) Crisis of overproduction

Question 43

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use answers more than once.)
-____ Exchange values

A) Accumulation of advantage
B) Treadmill of production
C) Urban growth machine
D) Invisible hand
E) Invisible elbow
F) Treadmill of consumption
G) World systems theory
H) Core and periphery
I) Use values
J) Hidden subsidies
K) Crisis of overproduction

Question 44

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use answers more than once.)
-____ Externalities

A) Accumulation of advantage
B) Treadmill of production
C) Urban growth machine
D) Invisible hand
E) Invisible elbow
F) Treadmill of consumption
G) World systems theory
H) Core and periphery
I) Use values
J) Hidden subsidies
K) Crisis of overproduction

Question 45

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use answers more than once.)
-____ James O'Connor

A) Accumulation of advantage
B) Treadmill of production
C) Urban growth machine
D) Invisible hand
E) Invisible elbow
F) Treadmill of consumption
G) World systems theory
H) Core and periphery
I) Use values
J) Hidden subsidies
K) Crisis of overproduction