Deck 12: Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

Question 1

About what percentage of the fluid that leaves a capillary at the arteriole end reenters at the venous end?

A) 10%
B) 50%
C) 70%
D) 90%
E) 100%

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Diastolic pressure is usually greater than systolic pressure.

Answer 2

False
Systolic is greater than diastolic.

Question 3

Decreases in blood pressure reduce the frequency of action potentials from the pressure receptors in the aortic arch and this results in increased heart rate and vasoconstriction.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Skeletal muscle action and respiratory movements create pressure gradients that facilitate flow of blood in the veins.

Question 5

The renal veins drain into the hepatic portal vein before entering the inferior vena cava.

Question 6

An increase in either blood volume or blood viscosity tends to increase blood pressure.

Question 7

Blood flow is slower in the capillaries of the finger than in the brachial vein of the arm.

Question 8

The blood vessel with the highest hydrostatic pressure is the

A) aorta
B) inferior vena cava
C) capillary
D) small vein
E) small artery

Question 9

The artery in the forearm that is frequently used for taking pulse is the ulnar artery.

Question 10

Angiotensin causes vasoconstriction and the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex,both of which increase blood pressure.

Question 11

Water moves across capillary walls by

A) osmosis and filtration
B) osmosis and active transport
C) osmosis and facilitated diffusion
D) filtration and active transport
E) filtration and facilitated diffusion

Question 12

As peripheral resistance increases,blood flow and blood pressure decreases.

Question 13

All of the fluid that leaves a capillary at the arterial end returns to the blood at the venous end.

Question 14

The vessels with the thinnest walls are the

A) lymphatic vessels
B) veins
C) capillaries
D) arteries
E) trunks

Question 15

Oxygen,carbon dioxide,and glucose move across capillary walls by

A) osmosis
B) filtration
C) diffusion
D) active transport
E) pinocytosis

Question 16

At the arterial end of a capillary,the

A) osmotic pressure is greater than hydrostatic pressure
B) fluid enters the capillaries from interstitial spaces
C) hydrostatic pressure is greater than osmotic pressure
D) proteins leave the blood and reduce osmotic pressure

Question 17

The smallest blood vessels are the

A) lymphatic vessels
B) veins
C) capillaries
D) arteries
E) trunks

Question 18

The tissue that is continuous throughout the entire circulatory system and lines the blood vessels is

A) cardiac muscle
B) simple squamous epithelium
C) stratified squamous epithelium
D) elastic connective tissue
E) fibrous connective tissue

Question 19

The name of the innermost layer of blood vessels is

A) tunica externa
B) tunica media
C) tunica intima
D) adventitia
E) vasa vasorum

Question 20

The vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called

A) lymphatic vessels
B) veins
C) capillaries
D) arteries
E) trunks

Question 21

A pulse can be felt where a

A) large artery leaves the heart
B) superficial vein passes over a bone
C) superficial artery passes over a bone
D) vein passes through the skin

Question 22

The reduction in the diameter of the lumen in arteries due to the formation of fatty deposits is likely to

A) decrease blood pressure because the lumen is smaller
B) decrease blood pressure because there is increased peripheral resistance
C) increase blood pressure because there is increased peripheral resistance
D) increase blood pressure because the deposits increase the viscosity of the blood

Question 23

The centers in the central nervous system that are responsible for the regulation of blood pressure are located in the

A) thalamus
B) occipital lobe
C) midbrain
D) pons
E) medulla oblongata

Question 24

Which one of the following is true about blood flow and resistance?

A) As vessel diameter decreases, resistance increases, and blood flow decreases.
B) As vessel diameter decreases, resistance decreases, and blood flow decreases.
C) As vessel diameter decreases, resistance decreases, and blood flow increases.
D) As vessel diameter increases, resistance increases, and blood flow decreases.
E) As vessel diameter increases, resistance decreases, and blood flow decreases.

Question 25

When chemoreceptors detect an increase in hydrogen ion concentration,centers in the nervous system respond by sending out impulses that _____ heart rate and cause _____.

A) increase; vasoconstriction
B) decrease; vasodilation
C) increase; vasodilation
D) decrease; vasoconstriction

Question 26

When baroreceptors are stretched due to a sudden increase in blood pressure,the central nervous system responds by sending out impulses that _____ heart rate and cause _____.

A) increase;, vasoconstriction
B) decrease; vasoconstriction
C) increase; vasodilation
D) decrease; vasodilation

Question 27

Pressure during ventricular contraction is called _____ pressure.

A) central venous
B) systolic
C) diastolic
D) pulse
E) resistance

Question 28

If an individual has a systolic pressure of 115 mm Hg and a diastolic pressure of 80 mm Hg,the pulse pressure is _____ mm Hg.

A) 195
B) 155
C) 35
D) 25
E) 40

Question 29

All of the following provide pressure gradients for venous blood flow EXCEPT

A) contraction of skeletal muscles
B) respiratory movements
C) contraction of muscle in vessel walls
D) contraction of the valves in veins

Question 30

Blood pressure (hydrostatic pressure)decreases in the sequence

A) capillary, vein, artery
B) vein, capillary, artery
C) artery, capillary, vein
D) artery, vein, capillary
E) capillary, artery, vein

Question 31

When blood pressure decreases,the kidneys secrete

A) angiotensin
B) renin
C) aldosterone
D) renal erythropoietic factor
E) adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 32

If all other factors remain constant,an increase in cardiac output _____ blood pressure.

A) increases
B) decreases
C) has no effect on

Question 33

Any factor,such as polycythemia or an increase in plasma proteins,that causes an increase in the viscosity of blood is likely to cause

A) a decrease in blood pressure
B) an increase in blood pressure
C) no change in blood pressure
D) a decrease in blood vessel diameter

Question 34

Most of the pressure that moves blood through the arteries is provided by

A) skeletal muscle action
B) contraction of the heart
C) contraction of smooth muscle in vessel walls
D) valves that prevent backflow
E) resistance provided by thickness of vessel walls

Question 35

Commonly used pulse points include all of the following EXCEPT the _____ artery.

A) radial
B) brachial
C) femoral
D) common carotid
E) renal

Question 36

Of the items listed,which has the slowest blood flow?

A) aorta
B) inferior vena cava
C) brachial artery
D) capillary of little finger
E) brachial vein

Question 37

Pulse is

A) alternating systole and diastole of the left ventricle
B) alternating expansion and recoil of an artery due to a surge of blood
C) alternating lubb-dupp heart sounds
D) the rhythmic surge of blood through a capillary

Question 38

Constriction of blood vessels increases blood pressure because it increases

A) cardiac output
B) blood viscosity
C) blood volume
D) peripheral resistance
E) stroke volume

Question 39

The effect of the enzyme renin is to

A) decrease blood volume
B) decrease the viscosity of blood
C) activate angiotensin
D) activate renal erythropoietic factor
E) activate atrial natriuretic hormone

Question 40

A sphygmomanometer is used to measure

A) rate of blood flow
B) blood pressure
C) peripheral resistance
D) heart rate
E) hematocrit

Question 41

Which of the following veins drain directly into the inferior vena cava?

A) splenic vein
B) superior mesenteric vein
C) renal vein
D) external iliac vein
E) inferior mesenteric vein

Question 42

Veins in the pathway returning blood from the left side of the brain include those listed below.What is the correct sequence of these vessels?
1)brachiocephalic vein
2)internal jugular vein
3)right atrium
4)superior vena cava

A) 2, 1, 4, 3
B) 2, 4, 1, 3
C) 1, 2, 4, 3
D) 4, 2, 1, 3
E) 4, 1, 2, 3

Question 43

Which chambers of the heart contain oxygenated blood?

A) right atrium and left atrium
B) right atrium and right ventricle
C) left atrium and right ventricle
D) left atrium and left ventricle
E) right ventricle and left ventricle

Question 44

The arteries that branch to form the middle and anterior cerebral arteries are the _____ arteries.

A) internal carotid
B) common carotid
C) vertebral
D) basilar
E) anterior communicating

Question 45

Phlebitis is

A) inflammation of an artery
B) a yellow fatty tumor
C) surgical repair of a blood vessel
D) narrowing of an opening
E) inflammation of a vein

Question 46

The correct sequence of arteries taking blood to the spleen is aorta,

A) celiac, splenic
B) superior mesenteric, splenic
C) splenic
D) superior mesenteric, renal, splenic
E) celiac, hepatic, splenic

Question 47

The superior vena cava is formed by the right and left _____ veins.

A) internal jugular
B) subclavian
C) vertebral
D) brachiocephalic

Question 48

The correct sequence of arteries taking blood to the left arm is aortic arch,

A) brachiocephalic, left subclavian, left brachial
B) left axillary, left subclavian, left brachial
C) left subclavian, brachiocephalic, left brachial
D) left subclavian, left axillary, left brachial
E) left common carotid, left subclavian, left brachial

Question 49

The arteries that go through the foramen magnum to supply blood to the brain are the _____ arteries.

A) common carotid
B) internal carotid
C) internal jugular
D) external carotid
E) vertebral

Question 50

Oxygenated blood is returned to the fetus from the placenta through the

A) ductus venosus
B) ductus arteriosus
C) umbilical artery
D) umbilical vein

Question 51

The correct sequence of veins taking blood from the small intestine to the IVC is which of the following?

A) inferior mesenteric, hepatic vein, liver, hepatic portal vein, IVC
B) inferior mesenteric, hepatic portal, liver, hepatic vein, IVC
C) superior mesenteric, hepatic vein, liver, hepatic portal vein, IVC
D) superior mesenteric, hepatic portal, liver, hepatic vein, IVC
E) superior mesenteric, liver, hepatic portal, hepatic vein, IVC

Question 52

The brachiocephalic artery branches to form the

A) right and left subclavian arteries
B) left common carotid and left subclavian arteries
C) right common carotid and right subclavian arteries
D) right and left common carotid arteries

Question 53

Oxygenated blood is returned to the heart from the lungs by the

A) pulmonary arteries
B) pulmonary veins
C) pulmonary trunk
D) coronary sinus
E) cardiac veins

Question 54

The inferior vena cava is formed by the right and left _____ veins.

A) femoral
B) common iliac
C) external iliac
D) internal iliac

Question 55

The opening in the interatrial septum that allows blood to go directly from the right atrium into the left atrium in fetal circulation is the

A) ductus venosus
B) foramen ovale
C) ductus arteriosus
D) foramen arteriosus
E) foramen venosus

Question 56

The surgical repair of a blood vessel is called

A) angioma
B) angiopathy
C) angioplasty
D) arterectomy
E) angiology

Question 57

What two veins join to form the hepatic portal vein?

A) superior and inferior mesenteric
B) renal and splenic
C) superior mesenteric and splenic
D) superior mesenteric and renal
E) inferior mesenteric and splenic

Question 58

All of the following are effects of angiotensin EXCEPT

A) vasoconstriction
B) sodium retention in the kidneys
C) water retention in the kidneys
D) increase viscosity of blood

Question 59

The correct sequence of arteries taking blood to the right side of the face and scalp is

A) aortic arch, common carotid, internal carotid
B) aortic arch, brachiocephalic, common carotid, internal carotid
C) aortic arch, brachiocephalic, common carotid, external carotid
D) descending aorta, brachiocephalic, common carotid, external carotid
E) descending aorta, common carotid, external carotid

Question 60

The correct sequence of arteries taking blood to the posterior knee region is aorta,_____,_____,_____,popliteal.

A) internal iliac; external iliac; femoral
B) common iliac; external iliac; femoral
C) common iliac; internal iliac; femoral
D) external iliac; internal iliac; femoral
E) common iliac; femoral; posterior tibial

Question 61

What are the two pressures that determine fluid movement across a capillary wall?

Question 62

What is the term for systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure?

Question 63

What are the two veins that join to form the superior vena cava?

Question 64

What is the term for the sounds heard through a stethoscope as a result of blood flow?

Question 65

What is the term for the branch of the aortic arch that supplies blood to the right side of the head and right arm?

Question 66

What is the term for the smallest blood vessels?

Question 67

What is the term for the vessel in fetal circulation that permits blood to bypass the fetal liver?

Question 68

What is the term for the branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies blood to the liver and spleen?

Question 69

What is the term for the enzyme from the kidney that has a role in blood pressure regulation?

Question 70

What is the term for the vessels that carry blood away from the heart?

Question 71

What are the two differences in structure between arteries and veins?

Question 72

What is the term for the location of the vasomotor center in the CNS?

Question 73

What is the term for the pulse point in the neck?

Question 74

What is the term for the vessel that carries blood from the digestive organs and spleen to the liver?

Question 75

What are the vessels formed by bifurcation of the aorta?