Deck 12: How Can Researchers Learn From Information Collected by Others Existing Data

Question 1

Analysis conducted by researchers other than those who originally collected the data is called _________________.

A) Survey research
B) Existing data
C) Secondary data analysis
D) Unobtrusive measures

Answer 1

C

Question 2

______________ is data collected by a researcher or institution which is then made available to others to analyze.

A) Official statistics
B) Existing data
C) Secondary data analysis
D) Unobtrusive measures

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Data compiled by or on behalf of state agencies in the course of conducting business is called ______________.

A) Official statistics
B) Existing data
C) Secondary data analysis
D) Unobtrusive measures

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Researchers using existing data must ______________.

A) Assess the quality of the data and what the data consist of.
B) Explore the original research questions of the researchers who collected the data.
C) Engage in quantitative analysis.
D) Clearly define the measurement of the variables

Question 5

The study design and method in which researchers collect data using questionnaires or structured interviews is known as ________________.

A) Existing data analysis
B) Quantitative analysis
C) Survey research
D) Secondary data analysis

Question 6

The General Social Survey started collected data in ______.

A) 1900
B) 1945
C) 1972
D) 2012

Question 7

Using GSS data, Glick and Golden found that the percentage of whites saying that homosexuality is always wrong __________ since the 1970s.

A) Decreased
B) Increased
C) Remained unchanged
D) Slightly changed

Question 8

Using GSS data, Schnabel found that the most religious women were ___________ and the most religious men were ___________.

A) High earning; low earning
B) More conservative; less conservative
C) Low earning; high earning
D) Less satisfied with life; more satisfied with life

Question 9

The Social Justice Sexuality Project contains data from over _________ LGTBQIA2S+ respondents of color.

A) 250
B) 1400
C) 5000
D) 10,000

Question 10

Using SJS data, Stanton and team found that ________________________.

A) People of color were more likely to be out than white people
B) People born as U.S. citizens were more likely to be out than those who are non-citizens.
C) Whites who are non-citizens were less likely to be out compared citizens of color.
D) There were no differences between whites and people of color when it came to coming out.

Question 11

The American National Election Studies data set consists of data from surveys conducted ______________.

A) Before every presidential election
B) After every presidential election
C) Before every federal election
D) Before and after every presidential election

Question 12

Using ANES data, Baumgartner and Lockerbie found that people watching late-night shows including satire had ___________ of voting than those watched less satirical shows.

A) Lower levels
B) Equal levels
C) Higher levels
D) Moderate levels

Question 13

How often is data collected via the U.S. Census?

A) Every ten years
B) Every year
C) Every five years
D) Every 1-5 years

Question 14

Using the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys, Goosby and team found that _____________ youth were better able to cope with their parents' expressions of stress than other Black ethnic groups.

A) African American
B) Both African American and Black Caribbean
C) Black Caribbean
D) None of these

Question 15

What data collection technique do NORC researchers use when gathering information for the GSS?

A) Face-to-face interviews
B) Questionnaire
C) Computer Assisted Interviews
D) Online survey

Question 16

What is the sample size for the General Social Survey?

A) 60,000 households
B) Every U.S. household
C) 10,000 households
D) None of these

Question 17

Where is the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research housed?

A) University of Texas-Austin
B) University of Michigan
C) University of Minnesota
D) University of California at Berkeley

Question 18

From how far back is IPUMS data available?

A) 1790
B) 1900
C) 1972
D) 2020

Question 19

If someone in a sample refuses to participate in the study, cannot be contacted, or for some other reason doesn't supply the required data, this is known as _______________.

A) Response bias
B) Missing data
C) None of these
D) Non-response

Question 20

Which of the following is not a benefit to engaging in secondary analysis using large survey data?

A) High quality data
B) Data is inaccessible
C) Rigorous sampling procedures
D) Representative samples

Question 21

Liévanos used 2000 U.S. Census and other data to study the unequal impact of health risks due to air toxicity. He found that ____________________.

A) Economically deprived Latinx immigrants had the highest exposure to toxic environments
B) Economically deprived African Americans and low income, non-English speaking immigrants were most exposed to toxic air.
C) English speaking immigrants were more likely to be exposed to toxic air than non-English speaking immigrants.
D) Race did not impact exposure to toxic air.

Question 22

Which of the following is not a challenge of using large survey data for analysis?

A) Data is complex
B) There are many variables included.
C) Researchers are confined to the ways the original researchers measured and coded the data.
D) Data are collected and presented at different levels.

Question 23

Which data collection methods did Shapiro utilize in his study of wealth and racial inequality?

A) Analysis of existing data
B) Face-to-face interviews and official documents
C) Content analysis and analysis of existing data
D) Analysis of existing data and interviews

Question 24

Hicks and team used official statistics gathered from the NCSL to examine passages of laws. They found that Republicans influenced the passage of voter ID laws in _____________ states.

A) Mostly white
B) Battleground
C) Red
D) Blue

Question 25

Downey, Crowder, and Kemp found that black families lived in neighborhoods with _____% and Latinx with ____% higher pollution levels than White families.

A) 74.5%; 56.9%
B) 56.9%; 74.5%
C) 50%; 25%
D) None of these

Question 26

Downey and team concluded that ________ was more significant than __________ in its effect on the level of pollution experienced.

A) Family structure; race
B) Neighborhood; race
C) Race; class
D) Race; family structure

Question 27

The impact on research participants when they know they are being studied resulting in inauthentic behavior is called ______________.

A) Interview effects
B) Validity
C) Response bias
D) Reactivity

Question 28

Which of the following is not an advantage of using official statistics in secondary analysis?

A) Data are on whole populations rather than samples.
B) Data is difficult to obtain
C) Reactivity is less pronounced.
D) Opportunity for longitudinal research

Question 29

A disadvantage of using official statistics is that ____________________.

A) Data are based on whole populations and not samples.
B) Government organizations compile data on the same measures over many years.
C) Official statistics are gathered for administrative purposes which may not align with research questions.
D) Data is available to the public

Question 30

The degree to which a measure or concept is stable of consistent is known as ___________.

A) Validity
B) Reliability
C) Reactivity
D) Response effects

Question 31

When the definitions of how a measure is counted over time, ___________is jeopardized.

A) Accuracy
B) Reliability
C) Validity
D) Data

Question 32

Though the FBI has collected data on police practices since 1930, it does not have a database of _______________.

A) The number of civilians shot and killed by officers
B) The number of law enforcement officers that are killed in the line of duty
C) The number of officers who die due to suicide
D) None of these

Question 33

In 2015, the Washington Post recorded ___________ officer-involved killings as what the FBI reported.

A) An equal number of
B) Twice as many
C) Fewer

Question 34

Black men were ________ percent of the unarmed men police shot to death in 2015, though they make up _______ percent of the overall U.S. population.

A) 15; 6
B) 40; 6
C) 55; 10
D) 74; 12

Question 35

Which of the following was not a finding of Skiba and team in their research about racial disparities and school discipline?

A) African American students were significantly more likely to receive an office discipline referral.
B) Disparities in school punishment between White students and students of color begin in middle school.
C) African American and Latino students were more likely than Whites to receive a suspension or expulsion for minor and moderate infractions.
D) Latino and African American middle school students were more likely to receive an office discipline referral compared to White students.

Question 36

Yackee's research focused on which government agency?

A) U.S. Department of Transportation
B) U.S. Department of Commerce
C) U.S. Department of Education
D) U.S. Census Bureau

Question 37

Which is not a type of government documents used by Maril in his research on the negotiations done around the border wall?

A) Text of immigration legislation
B) Defense contractor's testimony
C) Government budget documents
D) Emails from lawmakers

Question 38

Which of the following is not an advantage of using government documents for secondary analysis?

A) Opportunity for longitudinal analysis
B) Documents represent the official story
C) Can examine decision-making processes
D) Data is difficult to gather outside of the government context

Question 39

Which of the following is not a disadvantage of using government documents for secondary analysis?

A) The "official story" captured by the documents may not accurately reflect the reality.
B) Governmental processes may not always be captured in meeting transcripts.
C) Researchers can access documents using the Freedom of Information Act.
D) What is documented can change from administration to administration

Question 40

Which of the following is an example of an oral history collection that can be used for secondary analysis?

A) All of these
B) ACT UP
C) Crossing Borders, Bridging Generations
D) Densho

Question 41

Oral histories are different from interviews in that ______________.

A) Oral history topics stem from a research question.
B) Interviews are meant to capture someone's life and experience within a historical moment.
C) Oral histories are in-depth picture of someone's life and experiences.
D) Interviews captures more subjects with a broader focus.

Question 42

A limiting factor of using oral histories for secondary analysis is _____________.

A) Privileged people are more likely to have their stories preserved.
B) It is risky for privileged people to share their stories.
C) They may be too in-depth with detail.
D) Oral histories are not focused on one topic.

Question 43

Which of the following is not an example of physical trace data?

A) Pathways in the grass at a park
B) Worn benches in a lounge
C) Signs covering a telephone pole
D) Social media likes

Question 44

What type of content analysis did Leopold and Bell perform in their study of the Black Lives Matter movement?

A) Qualitative
B) Quantitative
C) Visual
D) Both Qualitative and Quantitative

Question 45

Large quantities of data collected by companies or institutions through digital means is called ________________.

A) Digital life
B) Big data
C) Secondary data
D) Digital traces

Question 46

What people "do" on their devises is known as _____________.

A) Digital traces
B) Physical traces
C) Digital life
D) Digitized life

Question 47

Parigi, Santana, and Cook used a method called _____________ to assess the underlying influences of and dynamics within social interactions.

A) Online experiment
B) Data analysis
C) Digitized life
D) Online field experiments

Question 48

Haney studied negative attitudes towards LGBTQIA2S+ in which two countries?

A) Mexico and Sweden
B) Italy and the United States
C) United States and the Netherlands
D) Canada and the United States

Question 49

Which of the following is not a limitation of secondary analysis?

A) No control over data quality
B) Lack of familiarity with data
C) Key variables missing
D) Analyzing data that is underanalyzed

Question 50

Saving time and money, having more time for analysis, and the opportunity for cross-cultural or international analysis are all ____________ of secondary analysis.

A) Advantages
B) Disadvantages
C) Challenges
D) Techniques

Question 51

Secondary analysis can involve qualitative or quantitative methods.

Question 52

Researchers doing secondary analysis typically based their research questions on the original intent and topics those who collected the data.

Question 53

Because data has already been collected and reviewed by others in the original process, researchers do not need to worry about data quality for their secondary analysis.

Question 54

In order to use survey data collected by others, researchers have to be a part of the original research team.

Question 55

The General Social Survey has been collecting data since 1972.

Question 56

Using GSS data, Glick and Golden (2010) found that the proportion of African Americans who felt homosexuality was always wrong had decreased after the 1970s.

Question 57

The Social Justice Sexuality project includes over 5000 respondents of colour who identify as LGBTQIA2S+.

Question 58

Stanton, Rozas, and Asencio found that people who were not citizens were more likely to be out than naturalized citizens using SJS data.

Question 59

The American National Election Studies data comes from American voters and non-voters after elections.

Question 60

Baumgartner and Lockerbie (2018) found that there was no difference in terms of voting between people who watched late-night shows featuring political satire (like The Daily Show) and those who watched less satirical late-night shows.

Question 61

Benegal found that people with the most racial resentment were the least likely to be believe climate change science.

Question 62

The Census Bureau only collects data from the nation's population every ten years.

Question 63

The Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES) focuses on cultural and ethnic differences in mental disorders, psychological disorders, and services used.

Question 64

Goosby and team found, using CPES data, that African American children and Black Caribbean youth had strong self-esteem and similar abilities to cope with parental stress.

Question 65

Every two years, the General Social Survey uses a mailed questionnaire for data collection.

Question 66

The Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) is housed at the University of Texas.

Question 67

The Survey Documentation and Analysis (SDA) archive is a collection of 250,000 research files.

Question 68

The Minnesota Research Data Center provides public access data, whereas IPUMS requires a proposal.

Question 69

An advantage of using large survey data for secondary analysis is that there is no issue with non-response bias.

Question 70

A challenge to using large surveys is that researchers are confined to the ways the original researchers measured and coded the data.

Question 71

An example of official statistics is the National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL).

Question 72

Official statistics have a larger issue of reactivity than data collected using a representative survey or interview.

Question 73

Official statistics can be misleading because the people included in the data have been chosen by the agencies compiling the statistics.

Question 74

A limitation of oral history data is that privileged people are more likely to have their story captured than those who are marginalized.

Question 75

Big data can only be used in quantitative research.

Question 76

What types of material do researchers examine using secondary analysis? What type of information do each of these different types of material offer to a researcher?

Question 77

What are the benefits and limitations that researchers need to consider when using large survey data for secondary analysis?

Question 78

What was the focus of Shapiro's research and how did he go about studying it? Why was a mixed methods approach useful?

Question 79

What are the benefits and limitations that researchers need to consider when using official statistics for secondary analysis?

Question 80

Discuss the issue of undercount and/or the lack of data involving official statistics providing examples from the text.