Deck 6: A New Order for the Ages: 1755-1839

Question 1

The Lisbon Earthquake of 1755 led to:

A) a revolution separating Portugal from Spain.
B) forfeiture of Brazil as an imperial colony.
C) the expulsion of Catholic clergy from Spain.
D) innovation in architecture and construction.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The Gulhane Edict:

A) triggered the liberation of Serbia from the Ottoman Empire.
B) changed the status and responsibilities of both Muslims and non-Muslims in the Ottoman Empire.
C) freed Russian serfs.
D) caused a war between the Ottoman and Russian Empires.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Enlightenment thinkers advocated the use of ___________ in decision-making.

A) military strength
B) faith.
C) reason.
D) nostalgia.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following phrases reflect underlying themes or beliefs of Enlightenment thinkers?
I) "Dare to Know!" or; "Have the courage to use your understanding."
II) "The perfectibility of man is unlimited."
III) A monarch "need render account to no one for what he orders."
IV) Life is "…short nasty, and brutish…"

A) I and II only.
B) II and III only.
C) III and IV only.
D) I, II, and III only.
E) II, III, and IV only.

Question 5

Enlightenment thinkers in the field of economics suggested which of the following?

A) Imperial control and regulation of trade and business was essential to a rational, growth oriented economy.
B) Class struggle would wither away with rational economic planning.
C) Slavery was essential to a nation's economic health.
D) Free trade and individual choice in the marketplace would produce more wealth and better society.

Question 6

The Bourbon Reforms were designed in part to:

A) unite the monarchies of Spain and France.
B) increase revenue flows from colonial possessions.
C) recover Spanish colonies seized by the new United States.
D) change the way monarchs were selected in France.

Question 7

The political upheaval produced by the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars (1789 - 1815) contributed to which of the following?
I) It inspired the formation of the first republic of the Western Hemisphere governed by former slaves.
II) It inspired governments across Europe to extend the right to vote to women in the 1820s.
III) It inspired revolutions throughout Central and South America leading to new states independent of Spain and Portuguese imperial controls.
IV) It inspired a line of conservative thought that societies needed stability and change should come very gradually rather than risk dramatic turmoil.

A) I and II only.
B) I, II, and III only.
C) I, III and IV only.
D) II, III, and IV only.

Question 8

One of the obstacles to achieving stability in Spanish American states after they achieved independence was:

A) a lack of any natural resources on which to base the economy.
B) a legacy of class and racial legal discrimination created during their colonial status.
C) an absence of European legal structures necessary for the formation of constitutions.
D) a lack of military expenditure to protect borders and keep the peace.

Question 9

An important idea about political organization that grew dramatically during the Age of Napoleon was:

A) Nationalism and the nation-state.
B) Communism and proletarian solidarity.
C) Ecumenism and religious toleration.
D) Monopoly capitalism and public-private partnerships.

Question 10

In The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith argued:

A) The benefits of socialism over capitalism.
B) Natural laws controlled the economy.
C) Capitalism was a system unique to Western Europe.
D) The human mind was a blank slate.
E) Capitalist behavior is harmful to the common wealth.

Question 11

Which of the following two events have the most direct causal relationship?

A) French Revolution and Haitian Independence
B) Lisbon Earthquake and Tanzimat
C) U.S. Independence and Bourbon Reforms
D) Glorious Revolution and Napoleonic Wars

Question 12

Political debates unleashed by the "Age of Revolution" include:

A) how to define "the people" under a regime of popular sovereignty
B) to what extent should "old" institutions and laws be permitted to survive under a new regime
C) what are the precise limitations on state power over individuals within a given realm
D) all of the above

Question 13

As the Spanish and Portuguese Empires in the Americas collapsed:

A) the political status of women improved in Central and South America.
B) slavery was immediately ended throughout the Western hemisphere.
C) regional elites competed with each other over control of territory and resources.
D) South America achieved financial independence and political unification.

Question 14

Shortly before he died, Simón Bolívar:

A) expressed frustration over ongoing political unrest in South America.
B) successfully united Central America into one nation-state.
C) created a hereditary Senate in Gran Columbia.
D) completed the new Constitution of Mexico

Question 15

Young Italy was led by:

A) Johann Gottlieb Fichte
B) Giuseppe Mazzini
C) José de Carvalho
D) Nicolas de Condorcet

Question 16

Johann Gottlieb Fichte asserted that:

A) modern political order needed to transcend nationalism.
B) Napoleon's invasion created the German nation.
C) nations are fictional constructs.
D) nations are timeless.

Question 17

The authors of the US Declaration of Independence relied for key concepts on the political philosophy of:

A) Adam Smith
B) Jules Ferry
C) John Locke
D) Niccolo Machiavelli

Question 18

A consistent characteristic for all imperial and newly written constitutional reforms undertaken between 1755 and 1839 was

A) abolition of slavery
B) growing the size of the military
C) gender inequality
D) free trade

Question 19

Tupac Amaru II:

A) demanded a liberal constitution for Gran Colombia.
B) called for the overthrow of the Spanish Empire.
C) favored an alliance with England against Napoleon.
D) launched the Tanzimat in 1839.

Question 20

Which of the following did not advocate for women's equality?

A) Mary Wollstonecraft
B) Olympe de Gouges
C) Sophie de Condorcet
D) All were advocates for gender equality

Question 21

What do you see as the most prevalent social, economic, and/or political conditions that sparked revolutionary upheaval during this era?

Question 22

What kinds of obstacles existed to creating and implementing "enlightened reforms"? How were these obstacles addressed in different states? What were the consequences of efforts to impose reforms from above?

Question 23

What are the major points of debate during this era over how, why, and when political change can and should take place? What are the strengths and weaknesses of the competing positions?