Deck 13: Correctional Organizations and Their Management

Question 1

______ refers to one or more persons who have formal control over an organization, or the act or process of operating the organization.

A) Management
B) Bureaucracy
C) Human Relations
D) Total Institutions

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The work of community corrections officers is governed by which of the following?

A) Legal requirements
B) Court decrees
C) Rules and procedures
D) All of these

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In a total institution, all aspects of life, such as ______ are conducted under one figurative roof.

A) eating
B) sleeping
C) working
D) all of these

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The ______ is the public face of the organization.

A) open institution
B) closed institution
C) formal organization
D) informal organization

Question 5

______ determines through observation who is the "first rate" worker who does the work in the "one best way."

A) Management
B) Scientific management
C) Human relations
D) Human resource management

Question 6

Scientific management was first proposed in:

A) 1900
B) 1911
C) 1920
D) 1930

Question 7

A flatter and fatter organization posits that people are motivated to do their best work in organizations where:

A) power is distributed across positions.
B) management listens to workers who know their jobs.
C) people work in teams.
D) all of these.

Question 8

In ______ management, power is concentrated at the top.

A) scientific
B) traditional
C) flatter
D) fatter

Question 9

Some of the newer theories are more than ______ years old.

A) 20
B) 50
C) 70
D) 90

Question 10

Higher-level needs include which of the following?

A) food
B) water
C) security
D) love

Question 11

According to Maslow, people are first motivated by lower-level needs, such as

A) physical safety, security, provision for old age
B) food, water, and sex
C) low, self esteem, and self-actualization
D) all of these

Question 12

Which of the following theories posits that people want to work, they want a say in that work, they want to do interesting things in their work, and to make a difference with their work.

A) X
B) Y
C) Z
D) None of these

Question 13

Theory Z was proposed in:

A) 1981
B) 1983
C) 1985
D) 1987

Question 14

A kind of organizational structure most used in corrections that can be distilled down to three elements of structure is known as (a)n:

A) hierarchy
B) specialization
C) bureaucracy
D) rule of law

Question 15

Which of the following refers to when the sectors of the pyramid below the leader are segmented to concentrate on different aspects of the work, particularly as it becomes more complicated and requires specific skills and abilities?

A) Power
B) Hierarchy
C) Specialization
D) Rule of law

Question 16

Which of the following refers to the formal rules, procedures, and laws governing agency operations?

A) Power
B) Hierarchy
C) Specialization
D) Rule of law

Question 17

Which of the following refers to the pyramidal shape of the organization, with one person, the leader, at the top and an expanding number of people below him or her at each level of the organization?

A) Power
B) Hierarchy
C) Specialization
D) Rule of law

Question 18

Which institutions are separated from their outside environments, and unaffected by those environments, to some extent?

A) Closed
B) Total
C) Discreet
D) Full

Question 19

What type of institutions are those in which the formal and distinct roles of staff and inmates are sacrosanct, and each must stay separate from the other?

A) Closed
B) Total
C) Open
D) Full

Question 20

Which of the following is an extension of Theory Z?

A) Scientific management
B) Total quality management
C) Management by objections
D) Learning organizations

Question 21

Under ______, workers collaboratively set their work objectives with management.

A) Management by Objections
B) Learning Organizations
C) Theory Z
D) Total quality management

Question 22

Which of the following organizations encourage education and training for their workers, promote risk-taking and the publication of mistakes by members so that all might learn from them, and open up their doors to evaluation by outside entities so that they might critically assess how they do their work?

A) Closed institutions
B) Learning organizations
C) Open institutions
D) Total organizations

Question 23

Leadership involves which of the following?

A) Organizing
B) Innovating
C) Communicating
D) all of these

Question 24

Corrections and other criminal justice organizations adopted ways to improve communications through the use of which of the following teams?

A) Training
B) Forecasting
C) Problem-solving
D) all of these

Question 25

Which of the following was identified as a leader?

A) Bailiffs
B) Court clerks
C) Wardens
D) Police recruits

Question 26

Some have promoted the use of _____ as a means of subverting the restrictions of a hierarchy.

A) classification
B) training
C) cross-rank
D) forecasting

Question 27

At the top of the organizational chart for a prison, you will find a

A) judge
B) corrections officer
C) warden
D) sheriff

Question 28

At the top of the organizational chart for a jail, you will most often find a

A) judge
B) corrections officer
C) warden
D) sheriff

Question 29

Bureaucracies were created to increase

A) transparency
B) effectiveness
C) equity
D) efficiency

Question 30

_____ are separated from their outside environments and unaffected by those environments, to some extent.

A) Open institutions
B) Closed institutions
C) Total institutions
D) Formal organizations

Question 31

_____ are those that are fully part of their communities, both dependent on and responsive to them, and that are affected by their outside environment.

A) Open institutions
B) Closed institutions
C) Total institutions
D) Formal organizations

Question 32

The _____ is often hidden from the public, even clients, but known, at least in part, by its employees.

A) open institution
B) informal organization
C) total institution
D) formal organization

Question 33

Being paid by the product produced is referred to as the

A) success rate.
B) crime rate.
C) exchange rate.
D) piece rate.

Question 34

Under ______, workers are analogous to machines.

A) scientific management
B) flatter and fatter organizations
C) management by objections
D) theory Z

Question 35

_____ proponents argue that the greater the involvement of workers or teams in developing and delivering on organizational goals, the higher the level of commitment ot the achievement of the goals.

A) scientific management
B) flatter and fatter organizations
C) management by objections
D) theory Z

Question 36

People tend to think that all jails, probation and parole departments and prisons are alike.

Question 37

Most correctional institutions and programs are not shaped like a bureaucracy.

Question 38

Bureaucracies were created to increase the efficiency of workers and the uniformity of their work.

Question 39

Communication is not central to its effective function.

Question 40

Communications in correctional organizations are complicated.

Question 41

Under traditional theories of management a leader was thought to rule from the top of the organizational chart with all power and communication flowing from him to the underlings down below.

Question 42

Every organization has its own culture, which makes it distinct and that helps to define how the work is done.

Question 43

Total quality management is an extension of Theory X.

Question 44

Theory Z combines some elements of both traditional and human relations theories of management.

Question 45

Theory X is the traditional theory of management as represented by only Bureaucracy

Question 46

Hierarchy of Needs and are known as human relations theories.

Question 47

In traditional management, power is more distributed across positions.

Question 48

Correctional organizations are structured as bureaucracies.

Question 49

The informal organization is often hidden from the public.

Question 50

The informal organizational culture may not be written down, except perhaps in e-mails and texts, but it is often as powerful in determining how an organization is operated as the formal culture is.

Question 51

Formal culture manifests itself in the stories, jokes, cautionary tales, gossip, and rumors that are told.

Question 52

If communication is blocked or garbled, then the smooth operation of the facility is compromised.

Question 53

Theory Z argues Under total quality management, people work harder to achieve goals they had a hand in choosing.

Question 54

Participatory management occurs when employees are allowed to have a say in what they do and how they do their work.

Question 55

The term management by objectives is given to organizations that encourage education and training for their workers.

Question 56

What is a closed institution?

Question 57

What is a total institution?

Question 58

Define subculture.

Question 59

Discuss Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Question 60

Compare and contrast closed institutions and total institutions. Which prison do you think runs more effectively? Why?

Question 61

What does the scholarly research on organization research reveal?

Question 62

Compare and contrast formal and informal organizations.

Question 63

What is a flatter and fatter organization?

Question 64

Discuss the hierarchy scale of a bureaucracy.