Deck 2: Early Corrections: From Ancient Times to Colonial Jails and Prisons

Question 1

In Ancient Greece and Rome, Citizens who broke the law might be subjected to:

A) rehabilitation
B) exile
C) probation
D) medication

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is a benefit associated with the practice of transportation?

A) The removal of criminal classes
B) Increase of wealth amongst those removed
C) Humane treatment of criminals
D) A chance at a new beginning for the criminals

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which Enlightenment Period influenced reformer was also influenced by his Quaker religious principles?

A) Jeremy Bentham
B) Cesare Beccaria
C) John Howard
D) William Penn

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The prison was created with a philosophy of

A) punishment.
B) religion
C) penitence
D) rehabilitation

Question 5

The social control function becomes most apparent when less powerful populations, such as the _____ are involved.

A) poor
B) minorities
C) females
D) all of these

Question 6

Burning was the penalty for

A) high treason and heresy.
B) murder of a husband by a wife.
C) murder of a master by a servant.
D) all of these

Question 7

In Ancient Rome, the most common punishment for penal slaves was

A) branding.
B) whipping.
C) exile.
D) shaving of the head.

Question 8

Galley slavery also served the purpose of providing the requisite labor of

A) rowing.
B) construction.
C) plowing
D) herding

Question 9

Under Pope Pius, galley slaves were entitled to _____ each day, and their sentences ranged from three years to life.

A) fruit
B) beef
C) rice
D) bread

Question 10

Which of the following are considered to be some of the central tenets of reform proposed by John Howard?

A) the fee system for jails should be increased
B) inmates should be separated by age
C) staff should serve as a moral model for inmates
D) single celling is mandatory

Question 11

Which of the following thinkers was jailed due to his defense of religious freedom and practice?

A) John Howard
B) Cesare Beccaria
C) William Penn
D) Jeremy Bentham

Question 12

Which of the following individuals was identified as an advocate for improved conditions, guidelines, training, and work skills for women inmates?

A) Jane Addams
B) Elizabeth Gurney Fry
C) John Howard
D) William Penn

Question 13

The early European prisons and jails classified inmates by their

A) social status
B) gender
C) age
D) criminal offense

Question 14

Jeremy Bentham's proposed panopticon would be

A) octagonal.
B) square.
C) circular
D) hexagonal.

Question 15

Which of the following fields flourished during the Enlightenment?

A) arts
B) sciences
C) philosophy
D) all of these

Question 16

Religious influence is not one of the themes that are apparent in corrections history.

Question 17

Rotary jails were like squirrel cages that were segmented into small "pie-shaped cells," were secured to the floor, and could be spun at will by the sheriff.

Question 18

Ancient societies and 'primitive' social groups often invested the penal process with a wholly religious meaning, so that punishment was understood as a necessary sacrifice to an aggrieved deity.

Question 19

According to the text, along with widespread use in England, who else maintained a form of jails and prisons during the Middle Ages?

Question 20

According to the text the Riot Act, created during 18th century England, allowed the use of capital punishment for what behavior?

Question 21

Where did bridewells get their name?

Question 22

Why did transportation from England to the American colonies end?

Question 23

The reforms instituted by Alexander Maconochie were such a success that upon release his prisoners became to known as

Question 24

Discuss ALL of the themes noted in the text that underlie correctional practice.

Question 25

Discuss the history of transportation from its first uses to its end as well as the rationale behind it.

Question 26

Pick one of the four Enlightenment Period reformers discussed in detail from the text. What did they believe in regard to reforming corrections? How did they propose to promote such reform?