Deck 2: Ethics

Question 1

The US Public Health Service study in Tuskegee, Alabama, directly led to:

A) t creation of ethics codes in all major psychology societies.
B) the Nuremberg Code.
C) the Data Protection and Confidential Act.
D) the Belmont Report.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following should be included in the debriefing information?

A) Thanked for taking part in the research
B) Contact information in case they are troubled by any aspect of the research
C) Other information about the study that was not included in the consent form
D) All of these

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which research by Milgram had the most impact on research ethics considerations?

A) Conformity research
B) Obedience research
C) Six degrees of freedom (small-world) research
D) Helping strangers

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following did Zimbardo's prison study show most clearly?

A) That Stanford University undergraduates often act unethically
B) Conformity
C) That the roles people take on can have a large impact on their behavior
D) That we can predict which individual have a tendency to help and others, and which have a tendency to hurt others.

Question 5

When you administer a study to human participants, you should be aware that:

A) you need to be careful to record all data accurately.
B) you are in a position of authority and be aware that participants may do things for you because of the role you are taking.
C) you are in part responsible for the well-being of the participants.
D) All of these.

Question 6

Confidentiality means:

A) not disclosing the participants' names or other identifying information to anyone not involved in the study.
B) not including the participants' names or other identifying information in any computer spreadsheet.
C) not having the participants' names or other identifying information written on any file.
D) All of these

Question 7

Most ethics committee (REC or IRB) forms consist, in large part, for making sure that potential risks are minimized and considered. The forms usually are less focused on potential positive impacts of the research. Why?

A) The committees assume the proposer is an expert on the topic and a better judge of potential impacts.
B) Potential positive impacts are not considered in the ethics committee responsibilities. The impact is graded when the research is submitted.
C) Potential positive impact cannot be measured.
D) All of these.

Question 8

You are working in a lab with several other undergraduate and graduate students. You have heard rumors that one of the graduate students might have falsified some of the data. What should you do?

A) Ignore this, it happens all the time.
B) Ignore this, it is probably part of a statistical procedure.
C) Talk with the faculty/staff.
D) Talk to someone at the university newspaper.

Question 9

When deciding whether to grant permission for a study, ethics committees should consider:

A) the potential value of the research.
B) the reputation of the principal investigator.
C) whether the research is funded or not.
D) None of these.

Question 10

The Belmont Report includes the following list of principles:

A) Beneficence, Justice, Respect
B) Beneficence, Justice, Thinking
C) Beneficence, Respect, Thinking
D) Justice, Respect, Thinking

Question 11

Random assignment is:

A) unethical because participants must be able to volunteer to be in the condition of their choosing.
B) is a useful procedure to help reach causal conclusions.
C) cannot occur for small studies.
D) cannot occur for qualitative research.

Question 12

Research with prisoners is appropriate if:

A) you have access to a prison population.
B) using a prison population is critical for your research question.
C) the state has a goal to lower the incarceration rate
D) the research is only conducted at low or medium security prisons.

Question 13

If conducting research with adolescents, it is important that the consent form:

A) is written in an age appropriate manner so that it is understood.
B) asks the participant for their approval.
C) asks guardians for their approval.
D) All of these

Question 14

You are conducting a study concerned with the calming effect of dogs on children. Which of the following should be consider?

A) The potential psychological harm on the children
B) The potential physical harm on the children
C) The potential harm, of any type, on the dogs
D) All of these.

Question 15

Which of the following groups do not (usually) require special considerations for RECs/IRBs to consider?

A) Young children
B) University athletes
C) Non-human primates
D) Prisoners

Question 16

Which of the following is not required for consent forms?

A) A clear description of potential harm
B) That it is voluntary and they may leave at any point
C) The location of a website where participants can find more information about the study
D) All of these are required

Question 17

Ethics principles apply:

A) when you are deciding what to research.
B) when you are designing your study.
C) when deciding whether to publish your research.
D) All the above (and at other points too).

Question 18

Immediately after you have completed your research and have removed any identifying information, it is recommended that you:

A) delete the data files and any paper copies of the data.
B) delete the data files and any paper copies of the data AND delete all statistical output since this could include information about the data.
C) destroy any flash drives that include the data.
D) keep the data for a few years and consider archiving them for others to use.

Question 19

Participants are told they will be compensated 10 pounds for completing a one-hour study on describing traumatic experiences. They are told in the consent form that it will take one-hour. Thirty minutes into the study a participant says that they wish to stop. You should:

A) tell them that they consented to a one-hour study and that they must stay in the room, but they do not have to continue with the task.
B) thank them for taking part, allow them to leave, but not compensate them because they did not complete the task.
C) thank them for taking part, allow them to leave, and give them five pounds compensation for the time they spent.
D) thank them for taking part, allow them to leave, and give them ten pounds compensation.

Question 20

In order to collect enough participants to satisfy your adviser's suggestion, you tell all your housemates to fill out your questionnaire. This is problematic because:

A) your housemates likely feel compelled to take part so are not volunteers.
B) your housemates are likely more like you than the members of the general population.
C) you are in a financial contract through your shared landlord so ethics committees cannot approve either financial transactions among housemates or research time commitments.
D) All of these.