Deck 6: Race and Ethnicity

Question 1

The term "dominant group" in the United States applies to the ________ population.

A) white
B) native
C) Asian
D) black

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Minority groups often face ________ within the larger society.

A) preferential treatment
B) discrimination and prejudice
C) violence
D) assimilation

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Minorities based on ________ consider themselves alike due to common ancestry.

A) sexual orientation
B) gender
C) race and ethnicity
D) religion

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The U.S. today looks more like a ________ in which many racial and ethnic groups exist side by side.

A) melting pot
B) bicultural society
C) pluralistic society
D) assimilated society

Question 5

According to sociologist Ramon Valle, ________ points to the complexity of ethnic and racial identity.

A) the U.S. Census
B) discrimination within society
C) a bicultural society
D) an assimilation continuum

Question 6

Gerontologists are now showing an interest in minority aging because the proportion of minority group members in the older population will

A) remain stable.
B) decrease.
C) increase.
D) greatly decrease.

Question 7

The older white population has more ________ and less ________ than minority group elders.

A) education, ; poverty
B) poverty, ; education
C) discrimination, ; education
D) discrimination, ; poverty

Question 8

Members of ________ will likely have access to and make the most of formal support systems.

A) minority groups
B) the white group
C) the Hispanic American group
D) the Chinese subgroup

Question 9

The white population in the United States may decrease to under less than __% by the year 2050.

A) 10
B) 30
C) 60
D) 90

Question 10

Minority groups differ from the white population in mortality, fertility, and

A) migration.
B) education.
C) income.
D) socioeconomic status.

Question 11

Within minority groups, high fertility and a high level of immigration lead to

A) future growth in the older population.
B) a decrease in the older population.
C) a decrease in the younger population.
D) poverty.

Question 12

Mexican Hispanics make up nearly ________ of the older Hispanic population.

A) one quarter1/4
B) one third1/3
C) one half1/2
D) all

Question 13

Gerontologists who study minority aging must keep ________ in mind.

A) minority group diversity
B) dominant group diversity
C) minority group similarity
D) dominant group similarity

Question 14

Minority elders currently tend to under-use

A) the health care system.
B) formal supports.
C) the educational system.
D) the economic system.

Question 15

________ theories describe the effects of minority group membership on the older person.

A) Multiple jeopardy, levelining, and life course perspective
B) Macro, micro, and politistic
C) Marxist
D) Synergistic

Question 16

Societies use age, gender, social class, and minority group membership to classify people. The multiple jeopardy theory states that a person with one or more of these characteristics

A) will benefit from social supports in each group.
B) will face an increased risk of death and illness.
C) will be more likely to break the law.
D) will be happier and more independent.

Question 17

Researchers find it hard to measure multiple jeopardy because most studies of multiple jeopardy use

A) the scientific method.
B) a longitudinal section method.
C) a cross-sectional method.
D) a phenomenological method.

Question 18

Jackson and colleagues (1993) reject the multiple jeopardy perspective because it

A) studies the coping abilities of minority members.
B) studies the strengths of minority members.
C) focuses on the positive side of minority group life.
D) takes a victim-centered approach.

Question 19

The leveling perspective says that the ________ of minority group members look more alike as people age.

A) health and incomes
B) education and health
C) education and income
D) health and experience

Question 20

The ________ links early life experiences to action and attitudes in later life.

A) leveling perspective
B) life course perspective
C) multiple jeopardy perspective
D) conflict perspective

Question 21

The ________ says that inequalities throughout life lead to inequalities in old age.

A) leveling theory
B) multiple jeopardy theory
C) life course perspective
D) cumulative disadvantage theory

Question 22

________ looks at the links between personal history and a person's social and historical context.

A) The life course perspective
B) Leveling theory
C) Multiple jeopardy perspective
D) Mortality crossover

Question 23

Institutional completeness does not refer to the number of ________ in an older person's environment.

A) agencies
B) friendship networks
C) religious institutions
D) financial institutions

Question 24

An institutionally complete context provides ________ for minority elders.

A) an increase in stress levels
B) weak supports
C) strong supports
D) no support

Question 25

According to Barresi, a full picture of minority aging requires

A) studies of the life course perspective.
B) studies of leveling perspective.
C) studies of multiple jeopardy.
D) examining all three perspectives.

Question 26

Which minority group is not among the four largest in the U.S.?

A) Inuit Americans
B) Asian Americans
C) African Americans
D) Native Americans

Question 27

Elderly blacks face disadvantages in ________ when compared to whites.

A) education
B) income
C) health
D) education, income, and health

Question 28

African American women have the lowest rate of pension coverage than any other racial or gender group in the U.S. because of

A) their educational levels.
B) the type of work they do.
C) marriage.
D) their health.

Question 29

Most studies of African American aging take a ________ perspective.

A) leveling
B) life course
C) multiple jeopardy
D) functionalist

Question 30

Older African Americans, more often than whites, develop social networks to

A) emphasize problems.
B) encourage segregation.
C) provide entertainment.
D) add to their family support.

Question 31

Older African Americans interact with and get support from

A) family.
B) friends.
C) family, friends, church members, and associations.
D) church members.

Question 32

Compared with other minority groups and whites, African Americans more often include ________ as part of their informal support network.

A) teachers
B) fictive kin
C) medical professionals
D) religious leaders

Question 33

African American grandparents are twice as likely to provide

A) Care care for their own adult children.
B) Care care for fictive kin.
C) Full full parenting care to their grandchildren.
D) Care care for members of their church or religious organization.

Question 34

Demographic and social trends today suggest that in the future older African Americans will need

A) more formal support.
B) less formal support.
C) more money.
D) more friends.

Question 35

Hispanics generally have ________ incomes than African Americans but ________ ratios of poverty than whites.

A) higher; higher
B) lower; lower
C) lower; higher
D) higher; lower

Question 36

Hispanics show a(n) ________ in economic measures and a(n) ________ in measures of family life and informal supports.

A) advantage; disadvantage
B) advantage; advantage
C) disadvantage; advantage
D) disadvantage; disadvantage

Question 37

Hispanic elders live within a wider community that provides natural helpers. These helpers are called

A) visiting nurses.
B) social service workers.
C) health care workers.
D) engaged caregivers.

Question 38

In general, ________ elders have the highest economic status of any minority groups in the U.S.

A) Asian American
B) Hispanics
C) African Americans
D) Native Americans

Question 39

Older people in the ________ subgroup have higher incomes and longer life expectancy than other Asian American elders.

A) Chinese
B) Japanese
C) Vietnamese
D) Filipino

Question 40

According to Belden and associates, __% of Asian adults felt responsible for the care of their elderly parents.

A) 12
B) 36
C) 54
D) 73

Question 41

__% of Native American elders consider their health to be fair or poor, compared with ___% of elders in the general population.

A) 48, ; 34
B) 75, ; 25
C) 75, ; 34
D) 34, ; 48

Question 42

________ Americans tend to have lower incomes than almost any other U.S. older population.

A) Native
B) Hispanic
C) Asian
D) African

Question 43

Barnes and colleagues (2010) report that over ___% of elderly AIAN reported a functional limitation caused by at least one chronic disease.

A) 26
B) 41
C) 73
D) 92

Question 44

The Administration on Aging identified Native Americans as a priority group because

A) they have more access to formal support systems than other minority groups.
B) they have many health, social, and economic problems and little access to formal support systems.
C) they have no health, social, or economic problems.
D) older Native Americans have the highest rates of disability.

Question 45

________ in some American Indian communities leads to problems within the family.

A) Illness and eldercare
B) Alcoholism
C) Violence
D) Poverty and social breakdown

Question 46

Baldridge (2002) says that the improvement of older Native American's' conditions depends on

A) federal aid.
B) Social Security.
C) improving the conditions of Native American life in general.
D) health promotion programs.

Question 47

Social service workers should use ________ to strengthen older people's ability to function in society.

A) existing formal supports
B) traditional cultural beliefs
C) a cultural competence mode of service
D) more research

Question 48

The ________ puts minority aging in the context of personal history, culture, world events, and the conditions in the wider society.

A) conflict perspective
B) life course perspective
C) age stratification theory
D) functional perspective

Question 49

In the future, social policies and programs must

A) adapt to meet the needs of minority elders' income, health care, and social service needs.
B) not consider the diversity of the minority aging population.
C) encourage minority elders to fall back on family supports.
D) provide fewer formal supports for minority elders.