Deck 3: Philosophers’ Contributions.

Question 1

Which theory is concerned with the motivation of the decision maker rather than the consequences of the decision?

A) deontology
B) distributive justice
C) utilitarianism
D) moral imagination
E) virtue ethics

Answer 1

deontology

Question 2

One problem with this theory is that the categorical imperative does not provide clear guidelines for deciding what is right and wrong when two or more moral laws conflict and only one can be chosen:

A) deontology
B) distributive justice
C) utilitarianism
D) moral imagination
E) virtue ethics

Answer 2

deontology

Question 3

Which theory argues that equals should be treated equally in relationship to their relevant equalities and differences?

A) deontology
B) distributive justice
C) utilitarianism
D) moral imagination
E) virtue ethics

Answer 3

distributive justice

Question 4

Which philosopher argued that social and economic inequalities are just if these inequalities are to everyone's benefit?

A) Adam Smith
B) John Locke
C) Thomas Hobbes
D) Jeremy Bentham
E) John Rawls

Question 5

Which philosopher argued that self-interest motivates people to form peaceful civil societies?

A) Adam Smith
B) John Locke
C) Thomas Hobbes
D) Jeremy Bentham
E) John Rawls

Question 6

Minority rights may be violated under this approach:

A) deontology
B) distributive justice
C) utilitarianism
D) moral imagination
E) virtue ethics

Question 7

Two weaknesses of the following approach are (1) it is difficult to determine who demonstrates integrity in the workplace, and (2) it is difficult to choose between compassion and not betraying somebody's trust:

A) deontology
B) distributive justice
C) utilitarianism
D) moral imagination
E) virtue ethics

Question 8

Ethical dilemmas arise when

A) norms and values are in conflict.
B) there is only one alternative course of action available.
C) norms and values are not in conflict.
D) there are several theories of ethical decision making.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 9

Which theory focuses on the moral character of the decision maker?

A) deontology
B) distributive justice
C) utilitarianism
D) moral imagination
E) virtue ethics

Question 10

If managers use moral imagination to determine ethical alternatives, the decisions need to be good for

A) the individual.
B) the firm.
C) society.
D) the individual and the firm.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 11

According to distributive justice theory, what are the three main criteria for determining the just distribution?

A) need, fairness and merit
B) need, arithmetic equality and merit
C) opportunity, fairness and merit
D) opportunity, fairness and arithmetic equality
E) need, arithmetic equality and equivalence

Question 12

Which theory argues that the best ethical alternative is the one that will produce the greatest amount of happiness to the largest number of stakeholders?

A) deontology
B) distributive justice
C) utilitarianism
D) moral imagination
E) virtue ethics

Question 13

There are two aspects of justice, but under which aspect is it argued that there should be a consistent application of law?

A) distributive justice
B) procedural justice
C) balance of justice
D) deontology
E) teleology

Question 14

This approach, a variant of utilitarianism, considers an action to be ethically good if it will probably produce a greater balance of good over evil:

A) act utilitarianism
B) active utilitarianism
C) sub-utilitarianism
D) consequentialism
E) virtue ethics

Question 15

Which philosopher argued that self-interest leads to economic cooperation?

A) Adam Smith
B) John Locke
C) Thomas Hobbes
D) Jeremy Bentham
E) John Rawls

Question 16

Under this approach, what is important is that the decision was made for the right reasons:

A) deontology
B) distributive justice
C) utilitarianism
D) moral imagination
E) virtue ethics

Question 17

This approach presupposes that happiness, utility, pleasure, pain and anguish can be quantified:

A) deontology
B) distributive justice
C) utilitarianism
D) moral imagination
E) virtue ethics

Question 18

Which approach focuses on coming up with an innovative solution to an ethical dilemma?

A) deontology
B) distributive justice
C) utilitarianism
D) moral imagination
E) virtue ethics

Question 19

Individuals may be ethical because of

A) religious concerns.
B) emotional attachment to other people.
C) enlightened self-interest.
D) None of these are correct.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 20

A difficulty in applying this approach is identifying all possible stakeholders impacted by a decision:

A) deontology
B) distributive justice
C) utilitarianism
D) procedural justice/consequentialism
E) virtue ethics