Deck 11: Leisure, Recreation, and Education

Question 1

Adults aged ________ spent more time on leisure activities than any other age group.

A) 20-30
B) 35-45
C) 55-65
D) 75 and over

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In regards to leisure activity, most studies find that older people

A) spend most of their leisure time engaged in strenuous activities.
B) spend most of their time alone and on sedentary activities.
C) maintain an active lifestyle.
D) have very little time for leisure activities.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Horna defines ________ as those activities that need few resources, have a low cost, and have easy access.

A) peripheral leisure activities
B) marginal leisure activities
C) core leisure activities
D) essential leisure activities

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is not considered a core leisure activity?

A) reading
B) exercise
C) visiting family
D) watching television

Question 5

Horna defines peripheral leisure activities as those that require

A) few resources, have low cost, and easy access.
B) greater cognitive skills and physical dexterity.
C) more resources, take place outside the home, and need more effort to engage in.
D) less commitment on the person's part, and does not interfere with life-sustaining functions.

Question 6

In general, researchers find that the rate of peripheral leisure activity ________ with age.

A) increases
B) declines
C) stays the same
D) fluctuates

Question 7

__% of people ages 65-74 reported regular leisure-time physical activity that meets federal physical activity guidelines, compared to __% of people age 75 or older.

A) 17.9; 29
B) 13.6; 7.3
C) 29; 88
D) 88; 17.9

Question 8

The oldest age groups show the ________ peripheral and the ________ core leisure activity.

A) most; most
B) most; least
C) least; most
D) least; least

Question 9

Studies show that women have ________ leisure time in later life compared to men.

A) more
B) less
C) the same amount of
D) no

Question 10

Studies suggest that leisure activity in later life

A) takes the form of a reduction of earlier life and leisure patterns.
B) is a chance for radical change in leisure preferences.
C) is possibly responsible for lower mortality risk and may lead to a longer life.
D) is an expansion into new and untried experiences.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a barrier that keeps older African Americans from participating in active leisure?

A) low income
B) lack of family
C) cultural barriers
D) lack of experience in the past

Question 12

Studies of older people's leisure attitudes show that they often picked up their views of leisure

A) in their childhood.
B) from their peers.
C) from television.
D) later on in life.

Question 13

Older people who stopped at least one outdoor activity in the past year and had not learned any new activity since age 65 are known as

A) compactors.
B) reducers.
C) contractors.
D) diminishers.

Question 14

Older people who kept up their former activities but also added at least one new outdoor activity since age 65 are known as

A) expanders.
B) multipliers.
C) extenders.
D) enlargers.

Question 15

Meyers and Nielson (2003) report that people aged 50 and over make up __% of the luxury travel market.

A) 10
B) 25
C) 50
D) 80

Question 16

Kraus and Raab label disuse of the body in old age ________ disease. This syndrome leads to much of the decline in the body in later life.

A) Dychtwald
B) hypothecate
C) hypoatrophy
D) hypokinetic

Question 17

Kelly (1993) reports that no type of activity is as likely to be abandoned or avoided by the old as

A) reading.
B) watching TV.
C) regular physical exercise.
D) driving.

Question 18

For all the benefits gained from exercise, people generally show declines in physical activity with age. ________ explains reduction of activity as a natural process that allows the older person to withdraw from social roles and activities prior to death.

A) Withdrawal theory
B) Disengagement theory
C) Detachment theory
D) Retrenchment theory

Question 19

For all the benefits gained from exercise, people generally show declines in physical activity with age. Continuity theory proposes that this phenomena

A) results from the continuation of the pattern of inactivity set by past older people.
B) continues the pattern of perceiving physical activity as a young person's endeavor.
C) occurs because older people follow the same pattern of activity or inactivity in old age that they followed in middle age.
D) appears because of the overall average 1% annual decline in many human functions.

Question 20

For all the benefits gained from exercise, people generally show declines in physical activity with age. ________ points to the societal pressures that keep people from an active lifestyle through narrow notions of what older people should and shouldn't do.

A) Age stratification theory
B) Cultural ageism theory
C) Social sedentary theory
D) Inactivity theory

Question 21

The ________ theory promotes the value of activity in later life.

A) disengagement
B) age stratification
C) continuity
D) activity

Question 22

Sport, leisure, and recreation programs should create a sense of self-efficacy. Which of the following does not enhance self-efficacy?

A) successful achievements
B) mastery accomplishments
C) cutthroat competition
D) knowledge of achievements

Question 23

Professionals who work with older people should include participants in planning, assessing, and developing programs because

A) it tricks participants into feeling in control.
B) communication builds a successful program.
C) it makes the professional's job easier.
D) communication makes everyone feel better.

Question 24

Better incomes, better health, and a more positive attitude toward fitness account for an increase in ________ among younger old people.

A) educational level
B) income level
C) gym membership and activity level
D) social connection and interaction

Question 25

The National Council on Aging (2016b) reports that about __% of senior center participants are women.

A) 20
B) 50
C) 70
D) 90

Question 26

________ provide services and activities that support independence and social contact.

A) Senior centers
B) Hospitals
C) Nursing homes
D) Fitness centers

Question 27

The ________ model of senior center membership serves people with few resources, like single older people in poor health.

A) charitable support
B) voluntary organization
C) social agency
D) elder hostel

Question 28

The ________ model of senior center membership serves people with strong community contacts, like married older people in better health.

A) voluntary organization
B) social agency
C) intentional commitment
D) engagement

Question 29

The success of senior centers in the future will depend on

A) government funding.
B) availability of transportation.
C) their ability to adjust to the needs of older people.
D) the availability of trained health care workers.

Question 30

Barriers for people who want to attend classes later in life include inaccessibility of schools, poor scheduling of classes, and the tell-'em-and-test-'em lecture style of most postsecondary courses. These barriers result in

A) education programs with a limited attraction for older people.
B) the university's competitive learning environment.
C) older people's general lack of interest in learning.
D) decreased attention span of most older people.

Question 31

The ________ a person has, the ________ the chance that he or she will enroll in an education program later in life.

A) more education; less
B) more income; less
C) more education; greater
D) less income; greater

Question 32

Jung proposes that education in later life

A) focuses on larger societal issues.
B) takes advantage of senior's life experiences to solve practical problems of everyday life.
C) prepares an individual for a second career.
D) serves self-discovery through studies of spiritual issues and art.

Question 33

The Road Scholar Program

A) provides poor, homeless older people with a temporary shelter.
B) is a network of hotels and inns across Europe dedicated to seniors.
C) combines university education with European hostelling.
D) a type of cooperative housing pioneered in Europe to reduce housing costs and create a sense of community among older residents.

Question 34

Institutes of Learning in Retirement

A) teach older people strategies for coping with aging and retirement.
B) are lectures, seminars, and travel courses that operate on "peer-teaching" and self-governance.
C) are university programs that facilitate older people as they attempt to mix in with campus life.
D) test and research the learning ability and skills of older, retired people.

Question 35

Elder hostels spawned a new type of program called

A) ILRs.
B) AARP.
C) SSIs.
D) PASs.

Question 36

The first ILRs had several things in common. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

A) They all had affiliations with universities.
B) Programs encouraged learners to take ownership of their institutes.
C) Institutes encouraged members to manage the institute.
D) Universities owned the institutes and managed them.

Question 37

LLIs create ________ which expose a person to new views and opinions.

A) weak ties
B) elite groups
C) experience corps
D) conservative values

Question 38

Regardless of age-mixed or age-segregated learning programs, older people will

A) tax the resources of universities as they attempt to cope with the growing numbers of older students.
B) make the university setting a less stressful and more humane place for all age groups.
C) continue to receive the lowest quality and least challenging education.
D) challenge educators, bring fresh ideas into the classroom, and create role models for younger students.

Question 39

The use of media, like interactive TV and computers, will make education more accessible to older people. But this new trend

A) threatens to produce a digital divide in the older population.
B) will also increase the inactivity among seniors causing greater health problems.
C) will further segregate older people from the mainstream society.
D) fails to create the community relations that surround elder hostels or ILRs.

Question 40

The Bureau of Labor Statistics (2016) reports that __% of people age 65 and over volunteered for a religious organization.

A) 3
B) 13
C) 23
D) 43

Question 41

Among older people, the most popular context for volunteering is a

A) hospital.
B) religious organization.
C) nursing home.
D) school.

Question 42

In later life, people need ________ to increase their self-esteem and enhance health and well-being.

A) time
B) money
C) volunteering
D) leisure

Question 43

The Senior Corps, Peace Corps, and Experience Corps all provide older people with

A) time.
B) volunteer opportunities.
C) money.
D) leisure.

Question 44

There is a structural lag between the changing lives of older people and

A) the opportunity to have a successful old age.
B) medical care for seniors.
C) numbers of seniors attending leisure programs.
D) the availability of leisure activities.

Question 45

The Baby Boom generation will carry its social activism into later life. Boomers intend to stay active by serving society

A) in encore careers.
B) periodically.
C) in protest.
D) by retiring.