Deck 10: Housing and Transportation

Question 1

Differences exist between men and women's living arrangements in old age. For example, __% of older men live with a spouse, compared to __% of older women.

A) 95; 25
B) 40; 74
C) 70; 45
D) 25; 95

Answer 1

C

Question 2

__% of older people who lived in the community in 2015 lived with a spouse.

A) 16
B) 36
C) 56
D) 86

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Higher rates of men, as compared to women, live with a spouse in old age. This is due to

A) higher rates of widowhood among older men and a tendency among women to remarry.
B) the tendency of men to remarry.
C) divorce.
D) high rates of widowhood among older women.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

__ of non-institutionalized older persons in 2015 lived alone.

A) 1/4
B) 1/3
C) 1/5
D) 1/8

Question 5

Women compared to men have a ________ times greater chance of living alone at age 65 or over.

A) one and a half
B) three
C) four and a half
D) six

Question 6

The tendency to live alone increases with ________, especially for ________.

A) age; older women
B) education; older men
C) age; older men
D) education; older women

Question 7

For women aged 75 and over, nearly ________ lived alone in 2003.

A) 3/4
B) 1/2
C) 1/3
D) 1/4

Question 8

The number of older people living alone will likely increase in the future. This is NOT due to

A) increased Social Security benefits.
B) higher divorce rates in the middle and later years.
C) the increase in the number of people who choose never to marry.
D) aging in place.

Question 9

Findings show that living alone in old age leads to

A) a better quality of life.
B) better health and less depression.
C) a lower quality of life.
D) less need for help with their affairs.

Question 10

The ________ the age group, the greater the desire to age in place.

A) more wealthy
B) younger
C) older
D) more educated

Question 11

__% of people aged 55 to 64 said they preferred to age in place, as compared to __% of people aged 75 and over.

A) 84; 95
B) 83; 50
C) 95; 12
D) 12; 95

Question 12

Aging in place requires

A) serious consideration on the part of the older person because it can be dangerous.
B) that people have the capability to live in the setting they choose.
C) that people have an environment that gives the person a feeling of security and well-being.
D) that people live in the same home for at least 21-30 years.

Question 13

Lawton's (1990) competence-environment fit model describes the relation between a person's ________ and ________.

A) health; welfare
B) creativity; environmental structure
C) handicap; environmental safety
D) capability; environmental demand

Question 14

Parmelee and Lawton's (1990) updated person-environment fit model defines people with resources to pursue their own goals, freedom of choice, and freedom of action as ________ people.

A) liberated
B) independent
C) autonomous
D) contented

Question 15

In Parmelee and Lawton's (1990) updated person-environment fit model, a secure environment offers

A) trustworthy physical and social resources.
B) immediate response to emergency and constant vigilance by caregivers.
C) little mobility but many leisure activities.
D) reliable protection and goal-oriented activities.

Question 16

The benefit of the person-environment fit model is that it allows us to put housing options

A) on an x-y axis comparing autonomy and competence.
B) in terms of two conflicting forces: environmental press and security.
C) on a continuum from least to most demanding.
D) in a dialectic that emerges from the conflict between what people physically can do and what they want to do.

Question 17

In 2013, About __% of older homeowners owned a home mortgage-free.

A) 25
B) 33
C) 65
D) 80

Question 18

Which of the following statements is false?

A) Older people live in older homes in part because they tend to age in place.
B) Older people who sell their homes may become more eligible for certain health or income supports.
C) Older people, more than any other age group, primarily view their home as a source of tax savings or a financial investment.
D) Homeownership gives people a sense of security and independence.

Question 19

Approximately what percentage of people over 65 had added at least one assistive device to their home?

A) 20%
B) 40%
C) 60%
D) 80%

Question 20

Aging in place often entails ________ a home to suit a person's changing physical condition.

A) modifying
B) renting
C) leasing
D) purchasing

Question 21

Which of the following people showed the greatest likelihood of modifying their homes?

A) people with health problems
B) people in good health
C) people who recently retired
D) people with good pension plans

Question 22

People who have made changes to their home report that this will allow them to stay in their homes ________ years longer.

A) 2
B) 10
C) 20
D) 25

Question 23

A house that contains wheelchair-accessible entryways, kitchens, and bathrooms; single-lever faucets; non-slip flooring; and grab-bars is an example of a(n)

A) limitless house.
B) universal house.
C) unconstrained house.
D) flexible home.

Question 24

Researchers at the University of Florida (2008) use computer technologies to create

A) Peter Pan houses.
B) green homes.
C) nursing homes.
D) supportive housing.

Question 25

One form of home equity conversion allows people to get a monthly loan based on their age, current interest rates, and the house's value. They repay the loan on a set date. This is known as a

A) negative mortgage.
B) deferred payment loan.
C) home equity loan.
D) reverse loan.

Question 26

One form of home equity conversion allows people to borrow against the value of their home. Their estate repays the loan when they die, or they repay it when they move and sell the home. This is known as a

A) reverse mortgage.
B) deferred payment loan.
C) home equity loan.
D) conversion loan.

Question 27

Some older people in financial need may still choose to avoid a reverse mortgage for several reasons. Which of the following is not a reason?

A) The reverse mortgage uses up a large part of their estate.
B) They do not want to go into debt in later life.
C) Income from a reverse mortgage will not change a person's tax bracket.
D) They may not understand the risks.

Question 28

Which of the following facts about seniors and apartment living is false?

A) Apartment renters tend to be older women.
B) Apartments account for the greatest proportion of older people's housing.
C) Renters tend to spend a high proportion of their income (more than 30 percent) on housing.
D) Many older women apartment renters have low income.

Question 29

________ refers to a setting where older people live with people their own age.

A) Age segregation
B) Age integration
C) Peter Pan housing
D) Home modifications

Question 30

Lawton (1987) says that older people do well in either age-segregated or age-integrated housing. The choice depends on what an individual prefers. It also depends on

A) the presence of a high density of older people.
B) the quality of the neighborhood.
C) good design.
D) the existence of community subcultures.

Question 31

Publicly sponsored apartment developments for older people assumed that as people needed more care, they would move to a nursing home. This

A) happens so frequently that publicly sponsored apartments fail to create a sense of community for seniors.
B) happens so frequently that researchers suspect publicly sponsored apartments as a leading cause in reducing a renter's physical abilities.
C) rarely happens; instead, people stay in their apartments but need more supports.
D) rarely happens; instead, renters move in with relatives or friends for added support.

Question 32

Housing that offers meal service, some health care support, and recreation programs in a housing complex is called

A) congregate or enriched housing.
B) cooperative housing.
C) community development housing.
D) cluster housing.

Question 33

HUD administers housing for people at least 62 years old who have incomes below 50% of the median income. This type of housing is called

A) subsidized housing.
B) assisted living.
C) congregate housing.
D) SRO.

Question 34

A residential property that includes multiple single-room dwelling units is known as

A) board and care homes (BCH).
B) continuing care retirement communities (CCRC).
C) naturally occurring retirement communities (NORC).
D) single room occupancy (SRO).

Question 35

Single room occupancy hotels typically house

A) blacks, age 62 and over, widowed and poor.
B) minorities, age 62 and over, widowed and poor.
C) men, age 75 and over, widowed and poor.
D) women, age 75 and over, widowed and poor.

Question 36

An assisted living housing option that offers a room, meals, help with activities of daily living, and some degree of protective supervision is known as

A) board and care homes.
B) nursing homes.
C) congregate housing.
D) enriched housing.

Question 37

Nursing homes are for older people who

A) prefer to live in a neighborhood with people their own age.
B) need medical care in addition to personal care.
C) tend to have low incomes and come from minority groups.
D) once lived in publicly sponsored apartments but have since required more care.

Question 38

Nursing facility reform regulations set precise standards for nursing home care. This included the following requirements except that

A) all nursing homes must assess patients at least once a year.
B) nursing homes do not need to inform residents about their legal rights.
C) staff must include a registered nurse for at least 8 hours a day.
D) states must ensure that nursing homes comply with regulations.

Question 39

Kane and Kane (2001) call ________ the most heavily regulated health industry.

A) age-segregated housing
B) nursing homes
C) apartment developments
D) subsidized housing

Question 40

Elder cottages are

A) experimental nursing homes in England with cottages set within a park-like environment.
B) facilities that house 36 people in 12-person "cottages," each with a different themes.
C) small, moveable cottages that sit in the yard of an adult child's house.
D) a form of run-down inner-city hotel.

Question 41

Homesharing most often takes place when an older homeowner rents out one or more rooms. The tenant pays rent and may help around the house as part of the payment. A study by the AARP found that only ________ of the older people surveyed would consider this type of living arrangement

A) 1/10
B) 1/3
C) 1/2
D) 3/4

Question 42

Neighborhoods and buildings grow older as people age in place. When at least half the people in a neighborhood or building are age 60 or over, gerontologists call this a(n)

A) naturally occurring retirement community (NORC).
B) planned retirement community (PRC).
C) elder cottage housing opportunity (ECHO).
D) congregated housing facility.

Question 43

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a naturally occurring retirement community (NORC)?

A) People tend to be from minority groups, particularly older African American people.
B) People tend to have low incomes.
C) People tend to be predominantly older, white males.
D) People tend to live in rural or inner city settings.

Question 44

According to Marshall and Hunt (1999), a type of NORC that attracted people who wanted the benefits of living in a community that could meet their health care and service needs is called

A) an amenity community.
B) a beneficial community.
C) a convenience community.
D) an accessory apartment.

Question 45

A senior housing option that charges an entrance fee, a monthly fee, and guarantees a resident access to housing and defined types of care for the rest of their lives is known as

A) an elder cottage housing opportunity (ECHO).
B) a single room occupancy (SRO).
C) mixed-use service housing (MUSH).
D) a continuing care retirement community (CCRC).

Question 46

Continuing care retirement communities attract

A) old-old people.
B) young-old people.
C) people under 45.
D) single people over 65.

Question 47

What necessary change needs to take place in housing for low-income, rural, and minority seniors?

A) Future housing needs to supply medical care specially designed for these groups.
B) Housing policies need to ensure that more options exist and that older people can choose the option that best suits their needs.
C) Future housing policy should bring these groups together so they form a vocal majority for housing change.
D) Reduce innovative design schemes because these groups tend to make little use of alternative subsidized housing.

Question 48

Lacayo (1991) suggests a number of changes, such as more funding for home repair, subsidies for housing near services, and innovative housing design, that would improve housing for

A) older people.
B) minority older people.
C) people aged 55-65.
D) wealthy older people.

Question 49

The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (2010) reports that __% of people age 62 and over are homeless.

A) 2.8 to 3.6
B) 21.1 to 51
C) 30.6 to 40.5
D) 60.5 to 75.3

Question 50

________ keeps most older people off the streets and out of homeless shelters.

A) Intelligent financial planning
B) Medicare, SSI, and assisted housing
C) Formal and informal support
D) Government policies

Question 51

Improved housing in the future for all older people will depend on

A) a better shape, size, and range of housing options.
B) a greater commitment by the government to sponsor housing.
C) a better integration of housing and services to help older people live as independently as possible.
D) solving vital issues of individual health and well-being prior to addressing community concerns.

Question 52

According to a study of State Units on Aging, the respondents listed lack of ________ as a top health issue for older people.

A) housing
B) medical and social services
C) recreational facilities
D) transportation

Question 53

________ allow(s) older people to stay connected to their communities and to engage in activities they enjoy.

A) Technology
B) Recreational facilities
C) Transportation
D) The media

Question 54

Compared to older people in cities, older people in rural areas tend to make less use of public transportation for all but the following reason:

A) They have more access to cars.
B) They have no access to buses or other types of public transport.
C) They pay more for public transportation.
D) Transportation services cannot accommodate disability.

Question 55

Burkhardt (2000) says that the number one mode of transportation for older people is

A) the airplane.
B) the car.
C) public transportation.
D) alternate transport methods.

Question 56

According to Stutts (2003), there is no question that physical changes in later life impair a person's ability to

A) drive.
B) engage in physical activity.
C) engage in social activity.
D) use technology.

Question 57

Bryer (2000) uses accidents per 1,000 drivers to measure driving performance. By this measure, he found that older drivers

A) have a crash rate like that of teenagers (the age group with the highest rate).
B) are as safe as drivers 24-49 years old.
C) killed more pedestrians than any other age group.
D) make the safest drivers.

Question 58

Which of the following is not one of the suggested means for extending the number of years an older person drives?

A) changes in driving patterns
B) education programs
C) state required vision tests for older drivers
D) new highway designs