Deck 9: The Challenges of Modernity, 1930-1950

Question 1

The most influential foreign model for Latin American authoritarian populists in the Depression era was

A) Francisco Franco of Spain.
B) Adolf Hitler of Germany.
C) Mustafa Kemal Ataturk of Turkey.
D) Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following was least harmed, in relative terms, by the end of the export boom?

A) Chile.
B) Cuba.
C) Argentina.
D) Bolivia.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Many initial efforts towards import-substitution industrialization (ISI) in Latin America focused on producing everyday goods for urban consumers.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The careers of the industrialists Percival Farquhar and Francesco Matarazzo in Brazil demonstrate all of the following EXCEPT

A) The importance of immigration and foreign investment in Brazil's economic history
B) The extent to which political factors were intertwined with industrial development
C) The growing power of the Brazilian federal government and its role in the economy
D) Brazil's failure to develop heavy as well as light industry

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the growth of the tourist industry in Mexico is FALSE?

A) It revitalized the once-vibrant city of Acapulco after a long period of decline.
B) Foreign capital came to dominate the sector, displacing Mexican owners and investors.
C) It displaced local campesinos and informal vendors in favor of construction projects and formal businesses.
D) It spurred the development of Mexico's highways.

Question 6

Both immigration from Europe and internal migration from the countryside to the cities slowed to a crawl in Latin America during the 1930s and 1940s.

Question 7

The "Prestes Column" in Brazil demonstrated that

A) Enlisted soldiers and junior officers in the army shared many of the same grievances as Brazilian industrial workers.
B) The São Paulo general strike had failed to galvanize working-class activism elsewhere.
C) Neither workers nor elites were sympathetic to the rebels.
D) The Brazilian military could be counted on to efficiently and effectively suppress unrest.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the Andean populists Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre, and José María Velasco Ibarra is TRUE?

A) Each was kept out of office or removed from office by violence or the threat of force.
B) Their popular support collapsed after their initial presidential campaign.
C) The diversity and looseness of their political coalitions undermined their ability to win and hold onto power.
D) They were gifted campaigners and charismatic orators.

Question 9

Like many of his supporters, Brazil's Getúlio Vargas came from a humble background.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about Brazil's Getúlio Vargas is FALSE?

A) He suppressed the most labor leaders.
B) Organized labor and the working class as a whole gained both material benefits and expanded political influence during Vargas' rule.
C) He vastly expanded the powers of Brazil's federal government and of the executive branch in particular.
D) His economic policies failed to promote Brazil's economic recovery or development.

Question 11

Key tools in the Peróns' rise to, consolidation, and exercise of power included all of the following EXCEPT

A) Conspicuous acts of charity, disaster relief, and political patronage.
B) Charismatic speeches and radio addresses.
C) Playing down their humble social origins in order to maintain the support of the Argentine elite.
D) Strengthening the links between the Argentine government and organized labor.

Question 12

Vargas and Perón's style of political administration is known as "corporatism" because it was staunchly anti-communist and pro-business.

Question 13

Which of the following was NOT a factor in maintaining the Caribbean and Central American dictators' hold on power?

A) Their use of repression, spies, and secret police against opponents.
B) Their tacit or explicit endorsement by the United States.
C) Their public dispensation of benefits and favors to supportive individuals and groups.
D) Their effective balancing of the United States by cultivating Soviet, German, and/or Italian support.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about El Salvador's "La Matanza" is FALSE?

A) Despite the massacre, the local indigenous population mostly maintained their language and customs.
B) The organizer of the uprising was a mestizo from the city, not an indigenous resident of the countryside where the uprising took place.
C) La Matanza took place in El Salvador's most indigenous and most impoverished region.
D) The Communist movement in El Salvador was suppressed for decades after the massacre.

Question 15

Which of the following was NOT a goal of United States policymakers in implementing the Good Neighbor Policy?

A) Ensuring Latin American support in the coming war against Fascism.
B) Ending the financial burden of maintaining military occupations in the region.
C) Using US power to influence the region's dictators to move toward democracy.
D) Creating new opportunities for US trade and investment in the region.