Deck 3: Families in Preindustrial Context

Question 1

A group that is nomadic

A) Lives primarily on the crops that they grow.
B) Moves as a group from place to place.
C) Probably has only a few, non-specialized tools.
D) All of the above.
E) Only (b) and (c) above.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

In hunting-gathering societies, it is generally true that

A) People had to spend nearly all their waking hours finding food.
B) Men did the hunting and women did the gathering.
C) Most of the adults became specialists in one task or another.
D) All of the above.
E) Only (a) and (b) above.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following modes of production had societies with the largest populations?

A) Agricultural.
B) Hunting and gathering.
C) Simple horticultural.
D) Advanced horticultural.
E) They were all about the same.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The most powerful central leaders were generally found in what types of societies?

A) Agricultural.
B) Hunting and gathering.
C) Simple horticultural.
D) Advanced horticultural.
E) None of the above-modes of production and leadership are not related.

Question 5

"The hierarchical ranking of individuals on the basis of wealth, power, or prestige" is called

A) Life chances.
B) Institutional specialization.
C) Social stratification.
D) Berdache.
E) Chivalry.

Question 6

In which of the following types was warfare most common?

A) Hunting and gathering.
B) Simple horticultural.
C) Advanced horticultural.

Question 7

Which of the following was NOT common among hunter-gatherers?

A) Animism.
B) Totemism.
C) Myths.
D) Universal faiths.
E) Shamanism.

Question 8

For children in hunting-gathering societies,

A) Socialization was family/kin controlled.
B) Only the biological parents would provide discipline.
C) The transition to adulthood was marked by several clear and distinct stages.
D) All of the above.
E) Only (a) and (c) above.

Question 9

It is generally true about sexuality in pre-industrial societies that

A) Nearly all societies condemned pre-marital sex.
B) Most societies condemned extra-marital sex.
C) Homosexual acts were condemned in all societies.
D) All of the above.
E) Only (b) and (c) above.

Question 10

"A person, usually male, who was anatomically normal but assumed the dress, occupations, and behavior of the other sex to effect a change in gender status" was know as a(n)

A) Shaman.
B) Berdache.
C) Inverted warrior.
D) Croupier.
E) Primosexual.

Question 11

It is important to know about kinship systems because

A) They define how people should behave toward each other.
B) They define how people are related to each other.
C) They demonstrate that the word "mother" has an exact literal translation in every known language.
D) All of the above.
E) Only (a) and (b) above.

Question 12

In the traditional Oglala Sioux kinship system,

A) A woman's biological mother had the same kinship term as that woman's maternal aunt.
B) A person would be likely to have several "sons" and "daughters," including people we might call second cousins.
C) Responsibility for child care was spread out among a number of adults.
D) Age and gender were important in determining the kinship names of "brothers" and "sisters."
E) All of the above.

Question 13

The distinction between parallel cousins and cross cousins was important to some groups because

A) Individuals were encouraged to marry cross cousins but forbidden to marry parallel cousins.
B) Parallel cousins were always wealthier than cross cousins.
C) Cross cousins were considered to be relatives while parallel cousins were not.
D) Cross cousins were more often victims of infanticide.
E) Parallel cousins had better posture and weren't as mean as cross cousins.

Question 14

The Latin word Familia is most similar to which modern English term?

A) Nuclear family.
B) Extended family.
C) Conjugal unit.
D) Household.
E) Step family.

Question 15

The male head of the ancient Roman family was referred to as

A) Gens.
B) Donatio.
C) Latifundia.
D) Patrician.
E) Paterfamilias

Question 16

To the ancient Romans, a good marriage was characterized by

A) The presence of several concubines.
B) Strong romantic love.
C) Concordia.
D) All of the above.
E) Only (b) and (c) above.

Question 17

The Catholic Church made marriage a sacrament. A result of this was

A) People who wished to marry no longer had to post banns.
B) The bride-price went significantly higher.
C) The church gained considerably more control of marriage.
D) Marriage became less important in the lives of people.
E) Divorce rates went up.

Question 18

The practice of "bundling" in Northern Europe and early America was

A) A way to wrap infants to keep them warm during cold weather.
B) A courting practice.
C) The practice of bringing cattle and sheep indoors to provide warmth.
D) A way to divide property up among several children.
E) A way of making bread.

Question 19

According to Quale, the pre-industrial western European marital script included which characteristic?

A) Almost everyone got married.
B) Childbearing began relatively late for women.
C) There was a large age difference between husbands and wives.
D) All of the above.
E) Only (a) and (c) above.

Question 20

An important characteristic of the primogeniture system was that

A) It tended to split up pieces of property.
B) It was an egalitarian practice.
C) Estates remained intact.
D) The value of a bride went up relative to the value of a groom.
E) It significantly increased the birthrate.

Question 21

The coverture doctrine held that

A) Children of divorce nearly always lived with their mother.
B) Most of women's bodies, including ankles and wrists, were not to be displayed.
C) Women's property rights were controlled by their husbands.
D) Bride price had to be at least twice as much as the dowry.
E) Women were not allowed to hire wetnurses to feed their infants.

Question 22

In early Puritan New England families,

A) The households were somewhat larger than in Western Europe at the time.
B) Households contained more extended family members than was the case in Europe.
C) Having children was discouraged.
D) Marriages were egalitarian.
E) Young people had almost no choice in who they would marry.

Question 23

The American form of slavery was unusual in that

A) Marriages of slaves were legally recognized.
B) Most slaves were able to buy their own freedom in their lifetimes.
C) Slave status was coupled with race.
D) Because slaves were purchased in groups of tribal relatives, they were able to maintain their African language and religion.
E) Many slaves were sent to school so that they could learn to manage their owner's businesses.

Question 24

On the question of the prevalence of matrifocal families among slaves, Laslett concluded that

A) The rate of single mother households was about twice that found among whites.
B) The rate of two-parent households was about the same as was found in England at the time.
C) Serial polygyny was common.
D) Both (b) and (c) above.
E) None of the above.

Question 25

About southern Whites in early America,

A) Very few came as indentured servants.
B) The death rate was considerably higher than in New England.
C) Early immigrants were predominately female.
D) Marriages occurred at younger ages than in New England.
E) All of the above.

Question 26

In hunting-gathering societies, nobody (or everybody) owned the means of production. How does that relate to politics, religion, and families?

Question 27

Why were hunting-gathering societies generally small in population?

Question 28

What does the organization of the traditional Sioux kinship system say about their family relationships?

Question 29

In was major ways were advanced agrarian societies different from horticultural ones?

Question 30

Describe the power relationships in the ancient Roman familia.

Question 31

What was the influence of Christianity on Western European and early American families?

Question 32

Compare and contrast Puritan New England and southern White family contexts.

Question 33

What effect did slavery have on slaves' family life?