Deck 3: Science and the Sociology of Race

Question 1

This refers to using science to prove the innate inferiority of some racial groups and the innate superiority of others.

A) Scientific racism
B) Eugenics
C) Racialized science
D) Science of race

Answer 1

A

Question 2

This term refers to a now defunct branch of science that compared the skull sizes of various racial groups and used that data to try to determine group intelligence, social and cultural characteristics, and the presumed innate group differences between races.

A) Eugenics
B) Phrenology
C) Scientific racism
D) Genome geography

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following sociological perspectives emphasizes social order and the value of consensus, harmony, and stability for a society, as well as the interdependence of social systems.

A) Functionalism
B) Conflict theory
C) Symbolic interactionism
D) Scientific racism

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following African American sociologists was accused by the FBI of being communist due to their research on racial inequality?

A) W.E.B. DuBois
B) E. Franklin Frazier
C) All of the above
D) None of the above

Question 5

Which of the following African American sociologists was an activist and one of the founders of the NAACP?

A) W.E.B. DuBois
B) E. Franklin Frazier
C) Oliver Cromwell Cox
D) William Julius Wilson

Question 6

Robert Ezra Parks' "race relations cycle," his theory for the incorporation of immigrants into American society, culminated with

A) contact
B) conflict
C) accommodation
D) assimilation

Question 7

___________ explains that some consumers choose which aspects of genetic ancestry testing to embrace and which to disregard, based on their own identity preferences and whether or not others are likely to accept their identity claims.

A) Genetic preference theory
B) Identity chameleon theory
C) Genetic options theory
D) Genome geography theory

Question 8

Which of the following is a Marxist explanation for racial/ethnic inequality?

A) Split labor market theory
B) Internal colonialism theory
C) Both are Marxist explanations of racial/ethnic inequality
D) Neither are Marxist explanations of racial/ethnic inequality

Question 9

This theory emphasizes the distinction between voluntary immigrants, known as immigrant minorities, and involuntary immigrants, known as colonized minorities.

A) Split labor market theory
B) Internal colonialism theory
C) Marxist theory
D) Assimilationism

Question 10

Which sociological perspective on race/ethnic relations is concerned with racial/ethnic identity development?

A) Functionalism
B) Conflict theory
C) Symbolic Interactionism
D) Marxism

Question 11

Sociologists Howard Winant and Michael Omi introduced a new theoretical perspective on race called___________, which emphasizes the ways racial categories are created, inhabited, transformed, and destroyed over time, and the ways race plays out structurally in our everyday, lived experience, becoming "common sense" or a way of making sense of our world.

A) Racial formation perspective
B) Diversity ideology
C) White racial frame
D) Colorblind racism

Question 12

This focuses on the interactions between different systems of oppression, as all individuals hold positions in multiple status hierarchies (such as gender, race, class, sexuality, nationality, and/or age).

A) Critical Race Theory
B) Diversity Ideology
C) Intersectionality
D) Global Critical Race Feminism

Question 13

Which of the following groups of people is referred to as a model minority, a minority group that has succeeded in American society, specifically evidenced by success in educational institutions and the economic sphere?

A) American Indians
B) African Americans
C) Asian Americans
D) Latinos

Question 14

Which of the following theoretical perspectives on race embraces an activist agenda instead of objectivity and emphasizes narrative and storytelling as a method of knowledge production?

A) Critical race theory
B) Diversity ideology
C) White racial frame
D) Racial formation perspective

Question 15

Sociologist Joe Feagin identified the theoretical perspective known as ____________, a worldview that includes racial beliefs, racially loaded terms, racialized images, verbal connotations, racialized emotions and interpretations as well as discriminatory actions that help justify ongoing racism.

A) Colorblind ideology
B) Systemic racism
C) White racial frame
D) Critical race theory

Question 16

Which of the following groups would NOT be considered a colonized or involuntary minority according to Blauner's theory of internal colonialism?

A) African Americans
B) Native Americans
C) Latinos
D) Irish Americans

Question 17

This popular American ideology is an extension of the assimilationist paradigm. It is the idea that diverse streams of immigrants come to America and eventually merge into another distinct group, that of the "American."

A) Anglo-conformity
B) Pluralism
C) Melting pot
D) Salad bowl

Question 18

This sociologist thought that ethnicity was more influential in people's life experiences than race.

A) Robert Ezra Park
B) W.E.B. DuBois
C) Joe Feagin
D) Oliver Cromwell Cox

Question 19

In 1927, this sociologist published an article equating racial prejudice with insanity.

A) E. Franklin Frazier
B) Robert Ezra Park
C) W.E.B. DuBois
D) Oliver Cromwell Cox

Question 20

This refers to evidence of human migration patterns found in the human genome; these genetic mutations are evolutionary responses to the environment.

A) Genome geography
B) Genetic genealogy
C) Scientific racism
D) BiDil

Question 21

Which of the following theorists is now being credited with establishing the first scientific school of sociology in the United States, which challenged the prevailing scientific racism of the time?

A) Robert Ezra Park
B) W.E.B. DuBois
C) Oliver Cromwell Cox
D) Karl Marx

Question 22

This sociologist introduced the idea of collective forgetting, what a culture ignores or suppresses about its past. He argues this is a major aspect of the white racial frame.

A) Joe Feagin
B) Eduardo Bonilla-Silva
C) Aldon Morris
D) Robert Ezra Park

Question 23

The epidemic of violence directed at LGBTQ people of color is an example of ________, because it is more than homophobia and transphobia; it is racialized homophobia and transphobia.

A) Critical Race Theory
B) Relationality
C) Intersectionality
D) White Racial Frame

Question 24

_________ refers to a set of beliefs, narratives, and practices within an organization, which are supported by discourse, that make up commonly recognized understandings of race.

A) Intersectionality
B) White Racial Frame
C) Racial Orthodoxy
D) Diversity ideology

Question 25

Scientific research on race has historically been objective and unbiased.

Question 26

The fact that every modern era has supported a "science of race" which emphasizes race as biological is evidence of the lack of objectivity of race science.

Question 27

Some research finds that DNA ancestry testing is much more common among African Americans, primarily due to the limitations placed upon them in pursuing traditional genealogical research due to the slave trade and the erasure of much of African culture in America.

Question 28

Sociologists focus on patterns rather than rarities, but there will always be deviations from the norm.

Question 29

During the first half of the twentieth century, sociological research focused on race at the expense of ethnicity.

Question 30

According to the diversity ideology perspective, institutions such as schools and corporations have embraced a diversity discourse while simultaneously managing to reproduce status inequalities, which a commitment to diversity is intended to dislodge.

Question 31

While there is nothing new about the existence of biracial/multiracial people, the embrace of biracial/multiracial identities is a relatively recent development.

Question 32

According to sociologist Robert Blauner, the experiences of colonized minorities and immigrant minorities in the United States are similar.

Question 33

According to the split labor market perspective on racial inequality, inequality in the economic sphere is maintained by the higher paid labor group who works to maintain their privileges in the labor market. Under this model, higher paid, white workers enforce discriminatory practices in the labor market in order to maintain their privilege.

Question 34

According to sociologist Oliver Cromwell Cox, racial inequality is an extension of class inequality.

Question 35

American Sociologists have always been critical of the eugenics movement.

Question 36

During the first half of the twentieth century, white social scientists generally did not embrace the idea that race was a social construction and instead embraced the idea that blacks were biologically or culturally inferior.

Question 37

"Diversity" became part of the racial orthodoxy in the 1980s within organizations, which sociologists find problematic because it shifts our understanding away from structural reasons for why people of color are underrepresented to cultural explanations of inclusion.

Question 38

What is genetic ancestry testing? Explain the three different types of tests used in genetic ancestry and a limitation of each.

Question 39

What is scientific racism? In detail, describe both a historical example (excluding eugenics) and a current example of scientific racism. Finally, describe three characteristics of the eugenics movement.

Question 40

Would you argue that immigrants in the United States are pressured to assimilate into the dominant, Anglo culture or would you argue that the United States embraces cultural pluralism more than assimilation today? Provide evidence to support your answer.

Question 41

What do Critical Race Theorists mean when they refer to counterstories? Identify a counterstory you are familiar with (whether historical, in popular culture, or in scientific research). How does emphasizing counterstories affect how we view the world?

Question 42

Identify and explain two current theoretical perspectives on race/ethnicity. Broadly speaking, how do current theoretical perspectives differ from traditional perspectives on race/ethnicity?

Question 43

Explain Robert Blauner's internal colonialism theory and how it helps us understand racial inequality today.

Question 44

Compare and contrast the functionalist perspective on racial/ethnic inequality with the conflict perspective on racial/ethnic inequality.

Question 45

Why were American sociologists overwhelmingly silent on the subject of race in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and why is this silence particularly egregious? In what ways did that silence handicap sociologists in the second half of the twentieth century? Which American sociologists were talking about race during the first half of the twentieth century?

Question 46

How have scientific understandings of race/ethnicity changed over time? More specifically, how has the sociology of race/ethnicity changed over time? Provide three examples.

Question 47

Explain how the concept of diversity has been altered by institutions in the United States and some effects of this. How does racial orthodoxy factor into this discussion? What does Victor Ray argue about the idea of organizations being race neutral?