Deck 1: Introduction to Pathology

Question 1

Alterations of cell growth,specifically an abnormal proliferation of cells,is called

A) hyperplasia
B) dysplasia
C) neoplasia
D) aplasia

Answer 1

neoplasia

Question 2

The protein-rich fluid associated with swelling in an inflammatory process is

A) exudate
B) transudate
C) pus
D) permeable

Answer 2

exudate

Question 3

In pyogenic infections,the body responds by producing a thick,yellow fluid called

A) bacteria
B) pus
C) edema
D) a scar

Answer 3

pus

Question 4

Chronic inflammation in a localized area,which often has centralized necrosis,is called

A) an exudate
B) a granuloma
C) an abscess
D) hyperplasia

Question 5

An accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue throughout the body is called

A) bacteremia
B) elephantiasis
C) filariasis
D) anasarca

Question 6

A basic reaction of the body to some form of injury is a

A) disease process
B) pathology
C) study of diseases
D) idiopathic process

Question 7

Heat and redness associated with inflammation is produced by

A) hyperemia
B) scar tissue
C) hyperplasia
D) infarction

Question 8

Connective tissue fibers replacing dead tissue and then contracting in the abdomen are known as

A) keloids
B) suppurative inflammation
C) fibrous adhesions
D) hyperemia

Question 9

An inflammation associated with pus formation is

A) bacteremia
B) phagocytosis
C) suppurative
D) hyperemia

Question 10

Of the five clinical signs of acute inflammation,the medical term for swelling is

A) edema
B) tumor
C) calor
D) dolor

Question 11

Localized _____ is produced in an inflammatory reaction as a result of a fluid accumulation.

A) filariasis
B) edema
C) elephantiasis
D) fibrous adhesions

Question 12

A disease process caused by physicians or their treatment is

A) idiopathic
B) iatrogenic
C) neoplasia
D) community acquired

Question 13

All pyogens have the ability to enter the blood circulation causing

A) bacteremia
B) phagocytosis
C) septicemia
D) keloid tissue

Question 14

The initial response of body tissues to local injury is

A) infection
B) ischemia
C) edema
D) inflammation

Question 15

What term is used to denote a disease in which the underlying cause is unknown?

A) Idiopathic.
B) Antietiologic.
C) Iatrogenic.
D) Nosocomial.

Question 16

The low-protein fluid associated with the inflammatory process as seen in pulmonary edema is called

A) an abscess
B) exudate
C) transudate
D) filariasis

Question 17

Some bacterial organisms produce substances that cause damage to the tissue and incite the inflammatory process known as

A) toxoids
B) pyogens
C) toxins
D) abscesses

Question 18

A localized area of ischemic necrosis within a tissue or organ produced by vascular occlusion is a(n)

A) gangrene
B) infarct
C) purpura
D) ecchymosis

Question 19

In an injury,the destroyed tissue is replaced with

A) granulomatous inflammation
B) granulation tissue
C) phagocytes
D) pyogens

Question 20

In acute inflammation,the localized heat and redness are a result of the

A) migration of circulating white blood cells
B) increased blood flow and vascular permeability
C) regeneration of normal parenchymal cells
D) enzymatic digestion of dead cells

Question 21

The volume of blood loss,the rate of blood loss,and the site of blood loss will determine the

A) patient status
B) clinical significance
C) treatment required
D) all of the above

Question 22

Tumors closely resembling their cells of origin in structure and function are called

A) malignant
B) benign
C) cancerous
D) dysplastic

Question 23

A subcutaneous hematoma greater than 1 to 2 cm is called a(n)

A) purpura
B) ecchymosis
C) petechia
D) infarct

Question 24

The Latin word for "new growth" is

A) tumor
B) seeding
C) neoplasia
D) ecchymosis

Question 25

The progression of a loss of oxygen and nutrients resulting in tissue necrosis,especially in the diabetic's foot,is called

A) infarction
B) gangrene
C) ischemia
D) hemorrhage

Question 26

Tumors that contain muscle cells are called

A) myelomas
B) myomas
C) papilloma
D) hypertrophic

Question 27

Which term is used to describe an increase in the size of an organ or tissue in response to an increase in function?

A) Neoplastic.
B) Hypotrophy.
C) Hyperplasia.
D) Hypertrophy.

Question 28

When cells fail to develop and as a result the organ is small,the organ is considered

A) hypoplastic
B) dysplastic
C) hyperplastic
D) anaplastic

Question 29

Bleeding into mucous membranes or serosal surfaces is referred to as

A) petechiae
B) hemorrhage
C) purpura
D) ecchymosis

Question 30

The study of neoplasms or tumors is called

A) pathology
B) radiology
C) oncology
D) etiology

Question 31

A malignancy of glandular tissue,such as breast or liver,is referred to as a(n)

A) adenoma
B) adenocarcinoma
C) cystadenoma
D) dysplasia

Question 32

The term derived from the Latin term for "crab" is

A) benign
B) oncology
C) neoplasia
D) cancer

Question 33

An accumulation of blood trapped within the body tissues is known as a(an)

A) hematoma
B) ecchymosis
C) petechiae
D) pleural effusion

Question 34

New growths that invade and destroy adjacent structures and have the ability to spread are considered

A) neoplastic
B) benign
C) cachexia
D) malignant

Question 35

When a reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ occurs,this results in

A) aplasia
B) atrophy
C) hypoplasia
D) dysplasia

Question 36

When tumor cells flourish,causing the patient to become weak and emaciated,this condition is referred to as

A) cachexia
B) petechiae
C) anorexia
D) anaplastic

Question 37

A polyp is a

A) projecting mass from an inner mucous membrane
B) malignant epithelial neoplasm
C) benign cartilaginous tumor
D) cancer

Question 38

Depriving tissues of oxygen and nutrients caused by an arterial vessel narrowing is referred to as

A) ischemia
B) petechiae
C) filariasis
D) gangrene

Question 39

The proliferation of granulation tissue to repair an injury is an example of

A) hypertrophy
B) anaplasia
C) hyperplasia
D) dysplasia

Question 40

Benign epithelial neoplasms that grow in a glandlike pattern are

A) cystadenomas
B) adenocarcinomas
C) adenomas
D) fibromas

Question 41

All of the following are additive diseases in terms of x-ray attenuation,except

A) pneumonia
B) osteolytic metastasis
C) callus
D) ascites

Question 42

Assessing the aggressiveness or degree of malignancy is referred to as

A) staging
B) grading
C) seeding
D) metastatic

Question 43

The most common hereditary abnormality is

A) chromosomal aberration
B) enzyme deficiency
C) glycogen and lipid storage disease
D) sex-linked disorders

Question 44

When a vaccine or toxoid is used to counteract an antigen,it is considered

A) passive immunity
B) active immunity
C) community-acquired immunity
D) iatrogenic

Question 45

The major metastatic route of carcinomas is

A) lymphatic spread
B) undifferentiated spread
C) hematopoietic spread
D) hematogenous spread

Question 46

Hypotension and vascular collapse with urticaria,bronchiolar spasm,and laryngeal edema are characteristics of

A) anaphylactic reactions
B) cytotoxic reactions
C) histamine release
D) delayed reactions

Question 47

Symptoms suggestive of esophageal or stomach cancer are

A) anasarca and dysphagia
B) anaplasia and anorexia
C) aplasia and gangrene
D) anorexia and dysphagia

Question 48

Diffuse spread of malignant neoplasms by invasion into a natural body cavity is called

A) tumor grading
B) staging
C) seeding
D) lymphatic spread

Question 49

All of the following are personal protective equipment (PPE),except

A) gown
B) gloves
C) mask
D) sharps container

Question 50

The body has the ability to combat antigens by forming _____ in the lymphoid tissue.

A) antibodies
B) toxins
C) immunoglobulins
D) antibodies and immunoglobulins

Question 51

Profound and sustained impairment of cellular immunity resulting in recurrent or sequential opportunistic infections is characteristic of

A) anaphylactic reactions
B) histamine release
C) AIDS
D) cytotoxic reactions

Question 52

A gene always producing an effect regardless of whether the person is homozygous or heterozygous is named

A) recessive
B) dominant
C) autosomal recessive
D) autosomal dominant

Question 53

The retrovirus known to contribute to AIDS is

A) hepatitis
B) human immunodeficiency virus
C) immunoglobulins
D) Kaposi sarcoma

Question 54

Tumor cells of stratified squamous epithelium,which invade and destroy adjacent structures,make up

A) adenomas
B) sarcomas
C) cystadenomas
D) squamous cell carcinomas

Question 55

Exposure to radiation,chemicals,or viruses may result in alterations in the DNA called

A) mutations
B) reduced penetrance
C) variable expressivity
D) aberrations

Question 56

Using a combination of cytotoxic substances to kill neoplastic cells is called

A) radiation therapy
B) chemotherapy
C) hormonal therapy
D) seeding

Question 57

A hazy,perihilar,granular infiltrate spreading to the lung periphery is the early radiographic finding of

A) AIDS
B) Kaposi syndrome
C) hepatitis
D) Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

Question 58

The modality of choice to demonstrate the multiple manifestations of AIDS in the central nervous system is

A) CT
B) nuclear medicine
C) ultrasound
D) MRI

Question 59

If a neoplastic growth proliferates without form,it is considered

A) anaplastic
B) dysplastic
C) aplastic
D) hyperplastic

Question 60

To determine the most appropriate therapy,the disease process must be

A) seeded
B) staged
C) graded
D) phased

Question 61

Match the following terms related to alterations in cell growth.
Atrophy

A)Failure of normal development causing smaller cells
B)Increased size of the cells
C)Loss of uniformity of individual cells
D)Number of cells in the tissue increases
E)Reduction in number or size of cells

Question 62

Match the following terms related to hemorrhage.
Hematoma

A)An accumulation of blood in the tissue
B)Large (>1 to 2 cm)subcutaneous bruise
C)Larger areas of bleeding into the skin
D)Minimal bleeding in the skin or mucous membrane
E)Rupture of a blood vessel

Question 63

Match each of the following terms with the correct answer.Each question has only one correct answer.
Pain

A)Rubor
B)Calor
C)Dolor
D)Tumor

Question 64

Match the following terms related to hemorrhage.
Purpura

A)An accumulation of blood in the tissue
B)Large (>1 to 2 cm)subcutaneous bruise
C)Larger areas of bleeding into the skin
D)Minimal bleeding in the skin or mucous membrane
E)Rupture of a blood vessel

Question 65

Match each of the following terms with the correct answer.Each question has only one correct answer.
Heat

A)Rubor
B)Calor
C)Dolor
D)Tumor

Question 66

Match the following terms related to the neoplastic process.
Adenocarcinoma

A)A malignant tumor arising from connective tissue
B)Benign tumor consisting of fibrous tissue
C)Cartilaginous tumor that is benign
D)Composed of blood vessels
E)Forming benign large cystic masses
F)Glandular cell malignancy
G)Malignancy of epithelial cell origin
H)Soft,fatty tissue tumor
I)Tumor that grows in a glandlike pattern

Question 67

Match the following terms related to edema.
Elephantiasis

A)A parasitic worm causing a lymphatic obstruction
B)Accumulation of fluid in a serous cavity
C)Extravascular fluid collection surrounding the heart
D)Localized edema resulting from a lymphatic obstruction
E)Pronounced swelling in subcutaneous tissue throughout the body

Question 68

Match the following terms related to edema.
Pericardial effusion

A)A parasitic worm causing a lymphatic obstruction
B)Accumulation of fluid in a serous cavity
C)Extravascular fluid collection surrounding the heart
D)Localized edema resulting from a lymphatic obstruction
E)Pronounced swelling in subcutaneous tissue throughout the body

Question 69

Match the following terms related to edema.
Peritoneal ascites

A)A parasitic worm causing a lymphatic obstruction
B)Accumulation of fluid in a serous cavity
C)Extravascular fluid collection surrounding the heart
D)Localized edema resulting from a lymphatic obstruction
E)Pronounced swelling in subcutaneous tissue throughout the body

Question 70

Match the following terms related to alterations in cell growth.
Hypertrophy

A)Failure of normal development causing smaller cells
B)Increased size of the cells
C)Loss of uniformity of individual cells
D)Number of cells in the tissue increases
E)Reduction in number or size of cells

Question 71

Match the following terms related to hemorrhage.
Hemorrhage

A)An accumulation of blood in the tissue
B)Large (>1 to 2 cm)subcutaneous bruise
C)Larger areas of bleeding into the skin
D)Minimal bleeding in the skin or mucous membrane
E)Rupture of a blood vessel

Question 72

Match the following terms related to edema.
Filariasis

A)A parasitic worm causing a lymphatic obstruction
B)Accumulation of fluid in a serous cavity
C)Extravascular fluid collection surrounding the heart
D)Localized edema resulting from a lymphatic obstruction
E)Pronounced swelling in subcutaneous tissue throughout the body

Question 73

Match the following terms related to edema.
Anasarca

A)A parasitic worm causing a lymphatic obstruction
B)Accumulation of fluid in a serous cavity
C)Extravascular fluid collection surrounding the heart
D)Localized edema resulting from a lymphatic obstruction
E)Pronounced swelling in subcutaneous tissue throughout the body

Question 74

Match the following terms related to alterations in cell growth.
Dysplasia

A)Failure of normal development causing smaller cells
B)Increased size of the cells
C)Loss of uniformity of individual cells
D)Number of cells in the tissue increases
E)Reduction in number or size of cells

Question 75

Match the following terms related to alterations in cell growth.
Hypoplasia

A)Failure of normal development causing smaller cells
B)Increased size of the cells
C)Loss of uniformity of individual cells
D)Number of cells in the tissue increases
E)Reduction in number or size of cells

Question 76

Match the following terms related to hemorrhage.
Petechiae

A)An accumulation of blood in the tissue
B)Large (>1 to 2 cm)subcutaneous bruise
C)Larger areas of bleeding into the skin
D)Minimal bleeding in the skin or mucous membrane
E)Rupture of a blood vessel

Question 77

Match each of the following terms with the correct answer.Each question has only one correct answer.
Redness

A)Rubor
B)Calor
C)Dolor
D)Tumor

Question 78

Match each of the following terms with the correct answer.Each question has only one correct answer.
Swelling

A)Rubor
B)Calor
C)Dolor
D)Tumor

Question 79

Match the following terms related to alterations in cell growth.
Hyperplasia

A)Failure of normal development causing smaller cells
B)Increased size of the cells
C)Loss of uniformity of individual cells
D)Number of cells in the tissue increases
E)Reduction in number or size of cells

Question 80

Match the following terms related to hemorrhage.
Ecchymosis

A)An accumulation of blood in the tissue
B)Large (>1 to 2 cm)subcutaneous bruise
C)Larger areas of bleeding into the skin
D)Minimal bleeding in the skin or mucous membrane
E)Rupture of a blood vessel