Deck 4: Skeletal System

Question 1

Osteomyelitis is correctly characterized as

A) the result of bacteria
B) pyogenic
C) a postoperative complication
D) all of the above

Answer 1

all of the above

Question 2

The bone is covered on the outer surfaces by a fibrous membrane called the

A) periosteum
B) endosteum
C) trabeculae
D) cortices

Answer 2

periosteum

Question 3

The most common form of degenerative arthritis that has osteophyte development is

A) rheumatoid arthritis
B) osteoarthritis
C) senile arthritis
D) juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 3

osteoarthritis

Question 4

The hollow,tubelike structure within the diaphysis is the

A) epiphyses
B) medullary cavity
C) compact bone
D) metaphysic

Question 5

Growth of outer bone diameter is dependent upon

A) osteoclasts
B) osteomas
C) osteocytes
D) osteoblasts

Question 6

To best demonstrate early changes in osteomyelitis,the modality of choice is

A) x-ray
B) MRI
C) CT
D) nuclear medicine

Question 7

An inherited disorder of connective tissue characterized by multiple fractures is

A) rickets
B) osteogenesis imperfecta
C) osteoporosis
D) osteopetrosis

Question 8

A vertebra with characteristics of more than one major division of the spine is called

A) spina bifida
B) a transitional vertebra
C) spondylolysis
D) spondylolisthesis

Question 9

A disorder that begins as a bone abscess that travels through the medullary cavity and outward to lift the periosteum is known as

A) bursitis
B) osteomyelitis
C) arthritis
D) osteolysis

Question 10

Herniation of the meninges in the lumbar or cervical region is known as a

A) meningocele
B) spina bifida occulta
C) myelomeningocele
D) myelocele

Question 11

Which of the following results when a pyogenic organism enters the joint through the blood,direct extension,or trauma?

A) Rheumatoid arthritis.
B) Tuberculous arthritis.
C) Infectious arthritis.
D) Osteoarthritis.

Question 12

A weblike arrangement of marrow-filled spaces separated by thin bone is

A) compact bone
B) dense bone
C) cancellous bone
D) cortical bone

Question 13

A rare hereditary bone dysplasia involving the bone resorption mechanism of calcified cartilage is

A) osteoporosis
B) osteogenesis imperfecta
C) osteomalacia
D) osteopetrosis

Question 14

For brittle bone disease,the radiographer should

A) increase the exposure factors
B) decrease the exposure factors
C) change to high-speed screens
D) make no change in factors

Question 15

The disease process that begins as an inflammation of the synovial membrane causing synovial proliferation is called

A) rheumatoid arthritis
B) psoriatic arthritis
C) osteoarthritis
D) Reiter syndrome

Question 16

Bone that develops within the connective tissue is called

A) ossification
B) appositional growth
C) intramembranous ossification
D) epiphyseal growth

Question 17

The most common form of dwarfism caused by decreased enchondral bone formation is

A) osteomalacia
B) hip dysplasia
C) achondroplasia
D) osteopetrosis

Question 18

The fluid-filled sacs located near joints may become inflamed,which results in

A) bursitis
B) osteomyelitis
C) tendonitis
D) arthritis

Question 19

Which type of cell is associated with bone resorption and bone removal?

A) Osteoclastic.
B) Osteolytic.
C) Osteoblastic.
D) Osteocyte.

Question 20

The secondary ossification center in a long bone is the

A) epiphysis
B) metaphysic
C) diaphysis
D) shaft

Question 21

For detecting asymptomatic bone metastases,the modality of choice is

A) radiographic skeletal survey
B) DEXA scan
C) CT bone survey
D) radionuclide bone scan

Question 22

To demonstrate degenerative knee joint narrowing most accurately requires the image be

A) completed with stress inversion and eversion
B) weight-bearing standing AP and lateral
C) recumbent, AP, and lateral
D) a unilateral study

Question 23

Body weight on weight-bearing long bones may bend or bow as a result of softened bones in cases of

A) rickets
B) osteomalacia
C) osteoporosis
D) achondroplasia

Question 24

The most common initial site of Paget's disease is the

A) lower extremities
B) skull
C) pelvis
D) vertebral body

Question 25

Proliferation of fibrous tissue in the medullary cavity is

A) tuberculous arthritis
B) gout
C) Pott's disease
D) fibrous dysplasia

Question 26

The bone lesion typically seen as a small (<1 cm)round area with a lucent center (nidus)is a(n)

A) aneurysmal bone cyst
B) bone island
C) osteoid osteoma
D) osteogenic sarcoma

Question 27

A true osteochondroma grows laterally from the epiphysis and

A) has an ectopic cartilaginous growth
B) must exhibit a cortex and medullary portion
C) often arises from the outer table of the skull
D) appears as an eccentric lucent lesion

Question 28

In Paget's disease,the beginning phase involves bone

A) reparation
B) destruction
C) growth
D) sclerosis

Question 29

A disease process usually caused by accelerated bone resorption results in

A) osteopetrosis
B) osteogenesis imperfecta
C) osteoporosis
D) osteoarthritis

Question 30

A pattern of lytic and sclerotic new bone growth with a flattening of the femoral head associated with periosteal new bone is suggestive of

A) fibrous dysplasia
B) ischemic necrosis
C) tuberculous arthritis
D) achondroplasia

Question 31

Primary malignant tumors arising from the bone marrow of long bones in children and young adults usually causing localized pain are indicative of

A) chondrosarcoma
B) osteogenic sarcoma
C) Ewing's sarcoma
D) fibrosarcoma

Question 32

Blood levels with an increased uric acid leading to deposits of crystals in the joints and cartilage is

A) osteomalacia
B) Paget's disease
C) rheumatoid arthritis
D) gout

Question 33

Insufficient mineralization of the adult skeleton appearing as a loss of bone density is

A) osteoporosis
B) rickets
C) osteomalacia
D) osteopetrosis

Question 34

A classic sunburst pattern of bony spicules that extend in a radiating fashion is a characteristic radiographic appearance of

A) giant cell carcinomas
B) multiple myelomas
C) osteomas
D) osteogenic sarcomas

Question 35

Lobulated borders from endosteal scalloping containing focal areas of high signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images are suggestive of an

A) osteoma
B) osteochondroma
C) enchondroma
D) osteoclastoma

Question 36

A cystlike lesion causing ballooning and possibly having internal septations is a(n)

A) osteosarcoma
B) aneurysmal bone cyst
C) giant cell tumor
D) multiple myeloma

Question 37

The classic radiographic appearance of multiple punched-out osteolytic lesions scattered throughout the skeletal system is suggestive of

A) osteogenic sarcoma
B) osteoid osteomas
C) a giant cell tumor
D) multiple myeloma

Question 38

To assess bone mineral content from a qualitative approach,the best imaging is

A) dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
B) quantitative CT
C) ultrasonography
D) x-ray

Question 39

Malignant bone lesions cause soft-tissue swelling and

A) cortical bone erosion causing a poorly defined margin
B) bone expansion with an intact cortex
C) are cystlike structures
D) encapsulate filling with fluid

Question 40

An expansile lucent lesion demonstrating a sharp demarcation from normal adjacent bone having a thin sclerotic rim is an

A) unicameral cyst
B) osteoma
C) aneurysmal cyst
D) osteochondroma

Question 41

Match the following terms related to bone physiology.
Resorption

A)Bone destruction throughout life
B)Bone matrix consists of complex structural units,"haversian systems"
C)Cell that removes bone
D)Flat bone growth by addition of osseous tissue on the outer surface
E)Marrow is lined by an inner membrane
F)Secondary growth center at the end of the shaft
G)Thin processes of bone that are part of the cancellous bone
H)Tubelike structure within the shaft
I)Weblike arrangement of marrow-filled spaces
J)Where the shaft flares meeting the growth plate

Question 42

Match the following terms related to bone physiology.
Osteoclast

A)Bone destruction throughout life
B)Bone matrix consists of complex structural units,"haversian systems"
C)Cell that removes bone
D)Flat bone growth by addition of osseous tissue on the outer surface
E)Marrow is lined by an inner membrane
F)Secondary growth center at the end of the shaft
G)Thin processes of bone that are part of the cancellous bone
H)Tubelike structure within the shaft
I)Weblike arrangement of marrow-filled spaces
J)Where the shaft flares meeting the growth plate

Question 43

Match the following terms related to bone physiology.
Appositional growth

A)Bone destruction throughout life
B)Bone matrix consists of complex structural units,"haversian systems"
C)Cell that removes bone
D)Flat bone growth by addition of osseous tissue on the outer surface
E)Marrow is lined by an inner membrane
F)Secondary growth center at the end of the shaft
G)Thin processes of bone that are part of the cancellous bone
H)Tubelike structure within the shaft
I)Weblike arrangement of marrow-filled spaces
J)Where the shaft flares meeting the growth plate

Question 44

Refer to the image below.Notice the tumor grows parallel to the bone and points away from the adjacent joint.Which common benign bone tumor is demonstrated with this image?

A) Osteochondroma.
B) Osteoid osteoma.
C) Osteoclastoma.
D) Osteogenic sarcoma.

Question 45

Suspected nonaccidental trauma is another name for

A) pathologic fractures
B) battered-child syndrome
C) Reiter syndrome
D) none of the above

Question 46

The healing of fracture fragments in a faulty position is

A) malunion
B) delayed union
C) nonunion
D) external reduction

Question 47

A fracture usually caused by falling on an outstretched hand resulting in posterior displacement of the distal fragment of the radius is a

A) Boxer's fracture
B) Smith's fracture
C) Colles' fracture
D) Monteggia's fracture

Question 48

Match the following terms related to bone physiology.
Compact bone

A)Bone destruction throughout life
B)Bone matrix consists of complex structural units,"haversian systems"
C)Cell that removes bone
D)Flat bone growth by addition of osseous tissue on the outer surface
E)Marrow is lined by an inner membrane
F)Secondary growth center at the end of the shaft
G)Thin processes of bone that are part of the cancellous bone
H)Tubelike structure within the shaft
I)Weblike arrangement of marrow-filled spaces
J)Where the shaft flares meeting the growth plate

Question 49

Match the following terms related to bone physiology.
Endosteum

A)Bone destruction throughout life
B)Bone matrix consists of complex structural units,"haversian systems"
C)Cell that removes bone
D)Flat bone growth by addition of osseous tissue on the outer surface
E)Marrow is lined by an inner membrane
F)Secondary growth center at the end of the shaft
G)Thin processes of bone that are part of the cancellous bone
H)Tubelike structure within the shaft
I)Weblike arrangement of marrow-filled spaces
J)Where the shaft flares meeting the growth plate

Question 50

Match the following terms related to bone physiology.
Medullary cavity

A)Bone destruction throughout life
B)Bone matrix consists of complex structural units,"haversian systems"
C)Cell that removes bone
D)Flat bone growth by addition of osseous tissue on the outer surface
E)Marrow is lined by an inner membrane
F)Secondary growth center at the end of the shaft
G)Thin processes of bone that are part of the cancellous bone
H)Tubelike structure within the shaft
I)Weblike arrangement of marrow-filled spaces
J)Where the shaft flares meeting the growth plate

Question 51

Which imaging modality is used to demonstrate tears in the menisci of the knees?

A) Ultrasound.
B) Radiography.
C) Nuclear medicine.
D) MRI.

Question 52

Which imaging modality is most commonly used to demonstrate rotator cuff tears?

A) Radiography.
B) MRI.
C) CT.
D) Nuclear medicine.

Question 53

Forward displacement of one vertebra on the other resulting in back pain caused by cleft in the pars interarticularis is

A) spondylolysis
B) intervertebral herniation
C) spondylolisthesis
D) vertebral slippage

Question 54

Match the following terms related to bone physiology.
Trabeculae

A)Bone destruction throughout life
B)Bone matrix consists of complex structural units,"haversian systems"
C)Cell that removes bone
D)Flat bone growth by addition of osseous tissue on the outer surface
E)Marrow is lined by an inner membrane
F)Secondary growth center at the end of the shaft
G)Thin processes of bone that are part of the cancellous bone
H)Tubelike structure within the shaft
I)Weblike arrangement of marrow-filled spaces
J)Where the shaft flares meeting the growth plate

Question 55

A fracture of the arch of C2 anterior to the inferior facet usually associated with anterior subluxation of C2 and C3 is known as a

A) clay shoveler's fracture
B) seat belt fracture
C) Jefferson's fracture
D) Hangman's fracture

Question 56

Match the following terms related to bone physiology.
Spongy bone

A)Bone destruction throughout life
B)Bone matrix consists of complex structural units,"haversian systems"
C)Cell that removes bone
D)Flat bone growth by addition of osseous tissue on the outer surface
E)Marrow is lined by an inner membrane
F)Secondary growth center at the end of the shaft
G)Thin processes of bone that are part of the cancellous bone
H)Tubelike structure within the shaft
I)Weblike arrangement of marrow-filled spaces
J)Where the shaft flares meeting the growth plate

Question 57

Match the following terms related to bone physiology.
Metaphysis

A)Bone destruction throughout life
B)Bone matrix consists of complex structural units,"haversian systems"
C)Cell that removes bone
D)Flat bone growth by addition of osseous tissue on the outer surface
E)Marrow is lined by an inner membrane
F)Secondary growth center at the end of the shaft
G)Thin processes of bone that are part of the cancellous bone
H)Tubelike structure within the shaft
I)Weblike arrangement of marrow-filled spaces
J)Where the shaft flares meeting the growth plate

Question 58

Match the following terms related to bone physiology.
Epiphysis

A)Bone destruction throughout life
B)Bone matrix consists of complex structural units,"haversian systems"
C)Cell that removes bone
D)Flat bone growth by addition of osseous tissue on the outer surface
E)Marrow is lined by an inner membrane
F)Secondary growth center at the end of the shaft
G)Thin processes of bone that are part of the cancellous bone
H)Tubelike structure within the shaft
I)Weblike arrangement of marrow-filled spaces
J)Where the shaft flares meeting the growth plate

Question 59

Discontinuity of two or more fragments is considered a(n)

A) incomplete fracture
B) open fracture
C) complete fracture
D) nonunion fracture

Question 60

A fracture resulting from a weakness in the bone caused by a tumor or infection is known as what type of fracture?

A) Greenstick.
B) Stress.
C) Fatigue.
D) Pathologic.

Question 61

Match the following terms related to bone disease processes.
Paget's disease

A)Demarcated radiolucency representing the destructive phase of this disease process
B)Hip dislocation superiorly and posteriorly
C)Long bones appear short and thick with a widened metaphysis
D)Loss of blood supply
E)Occurs primarily in the first metatarsophalangeal joint
F)Skin changes caused by psoriasis exist
G)Symmetric joint involvement,chronic systemic disease

Question 62

Match the following terms related to bone disease processes.
Rheumatoid arthritis

A)Demarcated radiolucency representing the destructive phase of this disease process
B)Hip dislocation superiorly and posteriorly
C)Long bones appear short and thick with a widened metaphysis
D)Loss of blood supply
E)Occurs primarily in the first metatarsophalangeal joint
F)Skin changes caused by psoriasis exist
G)Symmetric joint involvement,chronic systemic disease

Question 63

Match the following terms related to bone tumors.
Osteoma

A)Benign projection with a cartilaginous cap
B)Cartilaginous tumor arising from the medullary canal
C)Disseminated malignancy of plasma cell
D)Eccentric lucent lesion in the metaphysis
E)Most common malignant tumors
F)Most often arise from the outer table of the skull
G)Often contains punctate or amorphous calcifications in its cartilaginous matrix
H)Osteoblasts producing spicules of calcified bone

Question 64

Match the following terms related to bone tumors.
Multiple myeloma

A)Benign projection with a cartilaginous cap
B)Cartilaginous tumor arising from the medullary canal
C)Disseminated malignancy of plasma cell
D)Eccentric lucent lesion in the metaphysis
E)Most common malignant tumors
F)Most often arise from the outer table of the skull
G)Often contains punctate or amorphous calcifications in its cartilaginous matrix
H)Osteoblasts producing spicules of calcified bone

Question 65

Match the following terms related to fractures.
Compression

A)Approximately 45° to the long axis of the bone
B)At a right angle to the long axis of the bone
C)Compaction of bone resulting in a decreased length or width
D)Encircles the bone shaft
E)Fracture exists without angulation or separation
F)Loss of contact with normal articulation
G)More than two fragments
H)Partial loss of joint continuity
I)Repeated stresses causing a bone response
J)Small bony fragment pulled from a prominence

Question 66

Match the following terms related to bone tumors.
Giant cell tumor

A)Benign projection with a cartilaginous cap
B)Cartilaginous tumor arising from the medullary canal
C)Disseminated malignancy of plasma cell
D)Eccentric lucent lesion in the metaphysis
E)Most common malignant tumors
F)Most often arise from the outer table of the skull
G)Often contains punctate or amorphous calcifications in its cartilaginous matrix
H)Osteoblasts producing spicules of calcified bone

Question 67

Match the following terms related to bone tumors.
Bone metastases

A)Benign projection with a cartilaginous cap
B)Cartilaginous tumor arising from the medullary canal
C)Disseminated malignancy of plasma cell
D)Eccentric lucent lesion in the metaphysis
E)Most common malignant tumors
F)Most often arise from the outer table of the skull
G)Often contains punctate or amorphous calcifications in its cartilaginous matrix
H)Osteoblasts producing spicules of calcified bone

Question 68

Match the following terms related to bone tumors.
Osteogenic sarcoma

A)Benign projection with a cartilaginous cap
B)Cartilaginous tumor arising from the medullary canal
C)Disseminated malignancy of plasma cell
D)Eccentric lucent lesion in the metaphysis
E)Most common malignant tumors
F)Most often arise from the outer table of the skull
G)Often contains punctate or amorphous calcifications in its cartilaginous matrix
H)Osteoblasts producing spicules of calcified bone

Question 69

Match the following terms related to fractures.
Comminuted

A)Approximately 45° to the long axis of the bone
B)At a right angle to the long axis of the bone
C)Compaction of bone resulting in a decreased length or width
D)Encircles the bone shaft
E)Fracture exists without angulation or separation
F)Loss of contact with normal articulation
G)More than two fragments
H)Partial loss of joint continuity
I)Repeated stresses causing a bone response
J)Small bony fragment pulled from a prominence

Question 70

Match the following terms related to bone tumors.
Osteochondroma

A)Benign projection with a cartilaginous cap
B)Cartilaginous tumor arising from the medullary canal
C)Disseminated malignancy of plasma cell
D)Eccentric lucent lesion in the metaphysis
E)Most common malignant tumors
F)Most often arise from the outer table of the skull
G)Often contains punctate or amorphous calcifications in its cartilaginous matrix
H)Osteoblasts producing spicules of calcified bone

Question 71

Match the following terms related to bone disease processes.
Ischemic necrosis

A)Demarcated radiolucency representing the destructive phase of this disease process
B)Hip dislocation superiorly and posteriorly
C)Long bones appear short and thick with a widened metaphysis
D)Loss of blood supply
E)Occurs primarily in the first metatarsophalangeal joint
F)Skin changes caused by psoriasis exist
G)Symmetric joint involvement,chronic systemic disease

Question 72

Match the following terms related to fractures.
Fatigue

A)Approximately 45° to the long axis of the bone
B)At a right angle to the long axis of the bone
C)Compaction of bone resulting in a decreased length or width
D)Encircles the bone shaft
E)Fracture exists without angulation or separation
F)Loss of contact with normal articulation
G)More than two fragments
H)Partial loss of joint continuity
I)Repeated stresses causing a bone response
J)Small bony fragment pulled from a prominence

Question 73

Match the following terms related to fractures.
Avulsion

A)Approximately 45° to the long axis of the bone
B)At a right angle to the long axis of the bone
C)Compaction of bone resulting in a decreased length or width
D)Encircles the bone shaft
E)Fracture exists without angulation or separation
F)Loss of contact with normal articulation
G)More than two fragments
H)Partial loss of joint continuity
I)Repeated stresses causing a bone response
J)Small bony fragment pulled from a prominence

Question 74

Match the following terms related to bone disease processes.
Gout

A)Demarcated radiolucency representing the destructive phase of this disease process
B)Hip dislocation superiorly and posteriorly
C)Long bones appear short and thick with a widened metaphysis
D)Loss of blood supply
E)Occurs primarily in the first metatarsophalangeal joint
F)Skin changes caused by psoriasis exist
G)Symmetric joint involvement,chronic systemic disease

Question 75

Match the following terms related to bone tumors.
Chondrosarcoma

A)Benign projection with a cartilaginous cap
B)Cartilaginous tumor arising from the medullary canal
C)Disseminated malignancy of plasma cell
D)Eccentric lucent lesion in the metaphysis
E)Most common malignant tumors
F)Most often arise from the outer table of the skull
G)Often contains punctate or amorphous calcifications in its cartilaginous matrix
H)Osteoblasts producing spicules of calcified bone

Question 76

Match the following terms related to fractures.
Dislocation

A)Approximately 45° to the long axis of the bone
B)At a right angle to the long axis of the bone
C)Compaction of bone resulting in a decreased length or width
D)Encircles the bone shaft
E)Fracture exists without angulation or separation
F)Loss of contact with normal articulation
G)More than two fragments
H)Partial loss of joint continuity
I)Repeated stresses causing a bone response
J)Small bony fragment pulled from a prominence

Question 77

Match the following terms related to bone disease processes.
Achondroplasia

A)Demarcated radiolucency representing the destructive phase of this disease process
B)Hip dislocation superiorly and posteriorly
C)Long bones appear short and thick with a widened metaphysis
D)Loss of blood supply
E)Occurs primarily in the first metatarsophalangeal joint
F)Skin changes caused by psoriasis exist
G)Symmetric joint involvement,chronic systemic disease

Question 78

Match the following terms related to bone disease processes.
Psoriatic arthritis

A)Demarcated radiolucency representing the destructive phase of this disease process
B)Hip dislocation superiorly and posteriorly
C)Long bones appear short and thick with a widened metaphysis
D)Loss of blood supply
E)Occurs primarily in the first metatarsophalangeal joint
F)Skin changes caused by psoriasis exist
G)Symmetric joint involvement,chronic systemic disease

Question 79

Match the following terms related to bone tumors.
Enchondroma

A)Benign projection with a cartilaginous cap
B)Cartilaginous tumor arising from the medullary canal
C)Disseminated malignancy of plasma cell
D)Eccentric lucent lesion in the metaphysis
E)Most common malignant tumors
F)Most often arise from the outer table of the skull
G)Often contains punctate or amorphous calcifications in its cartilaginous matrix
H)Osteoblasts producing spicules of calcified bone

Question 80

Match the following terms related to bone disease processes.
Congenital hip dysplasia

A)Demarcated radiolucency representing the destructive phase of this disease process
B)Hip dislocation superiorly and posteriorly
C)Long bones appear short and thick with a widened metaphysis
D)Loss of blood supply
E)Occurs primarily in the first metatarsophalangeal joint
F)Skin changes caused by psoriasis exist
G)Symmetric joint involvement,chronic systemic disease