Deck 14: Qualitative Research and Interviewing, Rachel Kraus, Ball State University

Question 1

"Not everything that can be counted counts. Not everything that counts can be counted." Explain how this quotation applies to the qualitative approach to research.

Answer 1

No Answer

Question 2

Explain exploration as a goal of qualitative research.

Answer 2

No Answer

Question 3

Describe the epistemological perspective that most qualitative researchers adopt. Why do they do so?

Answer 3

No Answer

Question 4

Compare and contrast the focus of researchers who use qualitative versus quantitative methods.

Question 5

Describe how a qualitative researcher views the data collection process.

Question 6

Compare and contrast the role that hypotheses play in qualitative and quantitative research.

Question 7

Distinguish between descriptive, interpretive, and theoretical understanding in qualitative research.

Question 8

Describe three components of theoretical understanding in qualitative research.

Question 9

Name four areas of social life that can be probed for deep understanding with a qualitative research study.

Question 10

What is a thick description? Give an example.

Question 11

Describe the key characteristics of qualitative research.

Question 12

What factors do qualitative researchers consider when developing their research questions?

Question 13

Explain why Strauss describes qualitative research as "work."

Question 14

Describe how reliability is defined in qualitative research.

Question 15

Describe how qualitative researchers maximize dependability.

Question 16

How is validity determined in a qualitative study?

Question 17

What is credibility in qualitative research? Describe the steps researchers can take to ensure credibility in their study.

Question 18

Name and define three types of triangulation used in qualitative research.

Question 19

Describe two ways in which a qualitative researcher can validate the accuracy of a study.

Question 20

What is member checking? Why it is an important aid to understanding the results of qualitative research?

Question 21

What is transferability? What aspect of quantitative research does it approximate?

Question 22

What are two ways that the trustworthiness of a qualitative study could be enhanced?

Question 23

Compare and contrast the narrative and the phenomenological approach to naturalistic inquiry.

Question 24

What is grounded theory? Describe a research study that takes this approach.

Question 25

What is chain of reference sampling? What ethical concerns does it raise?

Question 26

Define theoretical saturation. How does a qualitative researcher determined that this criterion has been met?

Question 27

Explain the concept of a rolling sample in qualitative research.

Question 28

List two forms of data collection that put participants in control of the information provided.

Question 29

What are focus groups? Describe a study that uses this source of data.

Question 30

Describe three characteristics of a qualitative interview.

Question 31

Compare and contrast low-, high-, and semi-structured interviews.

Question 32

Describe the purpose and process of pilot testing an interview prior to data collection.

Question 33

Describe the process of developing and testing an interview script.

Question 34

What can interviewers do to develop rapport with their interviewees? How can rapport be maintained?

Question 35

What is memoing? At what point in a qualitative study does it occur?

Question 36

Compare and contrast axial and open coding processes.

Question 37

What are sensitizing concepts? Give an example.

Question 38

Describe four issues that are important to consider when writing about qualitative work.

Question 39

What is reflexivity and why is it important to consider when writing about qualitative work?

Question 40

Compare and contrast the approaches quantitative versus qualitative researchers take to writing for publication.

Question 41

Which of the following goal of science is LEAST likely to be the focus of qualitative research?

A) prediction
B) explanation
C) description
D) exploration

Question 42

________ refers to the identification of characteristics of a group that are not easily described by statistical analyses.

A) Prediction
B) Explanation
C) Description
D) Exploration

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a goal of exploratory research?

A) identification of groups not easily described by statistical analyses
B) examination of new or understudied social processes
C) development of theory
D) theory testing

Question 44

Which of the following is a focus of qualitative research methods?

A) how many people share an opinion or value
B) people's lived experiences
C) making decisions using deductive reasoning
D) making comparisons across groups

Question 45

Which of the following epistemologies is MOST characteristic of qualitative researchers?

A) logical positivism
B) Gestalt psychology
C) social constructionism
D) structuralism

Question 46

Which statistic is MOST likely to be reported in qualitative research?

A) zero order correlations
B) frequencies
C) means and standard deviations
D) percentile ranks

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT a data collection method used in qualitative research?

A) interviews
B) participant observation
C) document analysis
D) natural experiment

Question 48

Which aspect of qualitative research addresses the question of what happened in a particular context?

A) interpretive
B) predictive
C) descriptive
D) theoretical

Question 49

Which aspect of qualitative research analyzes what an event means to the people involved in the event?

A) interpretive
B) evaluative
C) descriptive
D) theoretical

Question 50

Which aspect of qualitative research refers to using concepts to explain the meaning people attach to their experiences?

A) interpretive
B) predictive
C) descriptive
D) theoretical

Question 51

Theoretical understanding focuses on

A) relating one concept to other concepts.
B) describing what people do.
C) exploring the meaning people attach to their experiences.
D) all of the above

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT part of theoretical understanding in qualitative research?

A) hypothesis testing based on established theories
B) understanding how concepts are related to each other
C) exploring the meaning people attach to events
D) explaining why people behave the way they do in a situation

Question 53

This aspect of qualitative research includes judging the value or worth of actions or events.

A) interpretive
B) evaluative
C) descriptive
D) theoretical

Question 54

_________ is the ability to make note of and analyze rich details in a qualitative study.

A) Bricolage
B) Thick description
C) Role analysis
D) Chain of evidence

Question 55

_________ is the process of borrowing from multiple perspectives and forms of data to create a meaningful story.

A) Thick description
B) Role analysis
C) Bricolage
D) Chain of evidence

Question 56

Which of the following is a key characteristic of qualitative research?

A) balancing the use of closed-ended and open-ended measures
B) collecting data in a neutral setting to reduce bias
C) making note of and analyzing rich details about a culture or setting
D) asking people to step outside of their lived experiences and take others' point-of-view

Question 57

Which type of reasoning is most often used by qualitative researchers?

A) inductive
B) deductive
C) rationalism
D) logical fallacy

Question 58

Dr. Simpson plans to conduct a qualitative study on the opioid epidemic in her county of residence. Which of the following is she LEAST likely to do?

A) talk to families of individuals who are addicted to opioids.
B) look for personality or socioeconomic variables that predict addiction.
C) become a participant-observer in a neighborhood where addiction is prevalent.
D) interview people who have successfully overcome addiction.

Question 59

What is the first stage of a qualitative research project?

A) identify preliminary research questions
B) obtain approval from the Institutional Review Board
C) locate participants who are willing to be interviewed
D) develop the coding scheme that will be used to interpret the interviews

Question 60

Dr. Norwal is in the process of developing a qualitative research question. Which of the following will NOT be part of that research stage?

A) settling on a firm list of questions to be asked
B) conducting a literature review
C) outlining data collection procedures
D) identifying potential participants

Question 61

Which of the following is TRUE about qualitative research?

A) It is standard practice to specify the research question in advance.
B) Researchers pose a minimum of three questions to address during data collection.
C) It is acceptable to change one's research question as the project moves forward.
D) All of the above

Question 62

When choosing a research question, qualitative researchers consider

A) how to maintain participants' privacy.
B) whether data collection is practical.
C) the goals of granting agencies.
D) all of the above.

Question 63

In your text, qualitative research is described as "work." This means conducting the study

A) can be boring.
B) is labor intensive.
C) is not satisfying.
D) a or b but not c

Question 64

Dr. Fordham is living in a shelter so he can study the experiences of homeless people. Which of his potential actions would be considered controversial by qualitative researchers?

A) identifying himself as a researcher
B) giving clothing or other goods to the shelter residents
C) recording interviews with shelter residents
D) donating money to the shelter after the study is completed

Question 65

Which of the following criteria is NOT used to evaluate qualitative research?

A) competence of data collection
B) correct use of parametric statistical analyses
C) incorporation of respected theory
D) the peer review process

Question 66

Reliability is established in qualitative research by

A) accurately transcribing interviews.
B) having high intercoder agreement.
C) maximizing dependability.
D) doing all of the above.

Question 67

Qualitative researchers strive to maintain consistency when collecting data for their study. This process is called

A) intercoder agreement.
B) credibility.
C) dependability.
D) confirmability.

Question 68

In qualitative research, validity refers to

A) the plausibility of the findings.
B) whether the chosen measures represent the hypothetical construct being tested.
C) having good intercoder agreement.
D) having consistent data collection procedures.

Question 69

Credibility in qualitative research refers to

A) having consistent data collection procedures.
B) whether the findings make sense.
C) training coders to agree on content analysis.
D) using two or more methods of triangulation.

Question 70

Dr. Carmichael is studying how people experience retirement. She interviews 10 older men who have recently retired. To check her findings she should

A) be sure her sample is appropriate.
B) ground her study in accepted theory.
C) ensure that her conclusions offer a fuller understanding of the issue.
D) do all of the above

Question 71

_________ is the use of multiple methods of data collection.

A) Triangulation
B) Credibility checking
C) Dependability
D) Analytic questioning

Question 72

Which of the following is NOT a type of triangulation used in qualitative research?

A) Data triangulation
B) Investigator triangulation
C) Theory triangulation
D) Interview triangulation

Question 73

Studying a phenomenon in different settings and at different points of time is an example of

A) data triangulation.
B) investigator triangulation.
C) theory triangulation.
D) interview triangulation.

Question 74

Dr. Carrell wanted to explore how elementary school students learn math. To do so, she interviewed teachers, students, and parents; observed math classes; and collected copies of representative math worksheets This approach to data collection is an example of

A) member checking.
B) reflexivity.
C) data triangulation.
D) theory triangulation.

Question 75

Having multiple members of a research team collect data is an example of

A) dependability.
B) investigator triangulation.
C) intercoder interviewing.
D) reliability.

Question 76

Dr. Fouad is studying the experiences of sous chefs and wants to use investigator triangulation. She should

A) use different interviewers at different restaurants.
B) collect data at several points in time.
C) create a team of researchers who have different theoretical perspectives.
D) ask several people to check the conclusions she draws from her interviews

Question 77

When researchers use ________, they approach the data from multiple theoretical perspectives.

A) confirmability
B) member checking
C) theory triangulation
D) dependability analyses

Question 78

_______ occurs when a qualitative researcher recognizes biases and considers alternative explanations.

A) Member checking
B) Confirmability
C) Theory triangulation
D) Dependability analysis

Question 79

______ occurs when a researcher asks study participants to review the results of a qualitative study.

A) Member checking
B) Confirmability
C) Theory triangulation
D) Dependability analysis

Question 80

What steps can a qualitative researcher take if a participant does not agree with her written account of a study site?

A) delete the participant's data
B) describe the disagreement in a footnote
C) make changes that better incorporate that participant's point of view
D) either b or c, but not a