Deck 28: History of Corrections

Question 1

Imprisonment as a sanction was not particularly common in early England; English _______ were used for detaining defendants or those awaiting their punishment.

A) surreys
B) hotspots
C) gaols
D) cotswolds

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following types of early American prison systems separated inmates at night but permitted them to congregate during the day because inmates provided labor that offset some of the prison costs?

A) Illinois
B) Pennsylvania
C) Boston
D) Auburn

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The Irish system, as introduced by Captain Alexander Maconochie and Sir Walter Crofton, is associated with

A) corporal punishment.
B) parole.
C) probation.
D) solitary confinement.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is the oldest and largest international correctional association in the world and has supported the professional development of corrections since 1870?

A) The Academy of Professional Corrections
B) The Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences
C) The American Correctional Association
D) The American Society of Criminology

Question 5

Following the Civil War, many states in which region of the United States established a lease system in which inmates were leased by the state to contractors who fed and clothed them in return for their labor?

A) The North
B) The South
C) The East
D) The West

Question 6

The U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Cooper v. Pate (1964) abruptly ended which of the following doctrines that existed in relation to prison administration?

A) Economic pragmatism
B) Secure and confine
C) Socialism
D) Hands-off

Question 7

Which of the following is correct with regard to the First Step Act?

A) It allocated funding for additional prisons.
B) It reduced mandatory penalties for drug offenses.
C) It mandated the use of sentencing guidelines.
D) It required correctional officers to undergo additional training.

Question 8

Responses to crime in colonial America were largely based on English criminal codes and involved the Puritans' association of crime with sin.

Question 9

The Auburn system of incarceration stressed reformation and the prevention of interaction among inmates out of concern that they would learn criminal behavior from one another.

Question 10

Although some institutions housed females in separated sections, female prisoners were located in institutions designed for males until the early 19th century.

Question 11

"Big house" prisons emerged during the 1980s in response to the increased incarceration rate.

Question 12

Correctional practices from the 1930s through the 1960s were characterized by a heavy reliance on punishment and incarceration.

Question 13

Correctional practices from the 1980s through the 1990s were characterized by a rehabilitative approach that sought to treat offenders in the community.

Question 14

The use of private prisons increased by 500% between 1985 and 1995, and at least 30 states were contracting out prison labor to private companies by the mid-1990s.

Question 15

What early forms of punishment were used in Europe? Are there any similar punishments used today? Discuss.

Question 16

What significant developments have occurred within corrections in the United States beginning in the 20th and 21st centuries?