Deck 17: Zen Buddhism

Question 1

Satori means

A) enlightenment.
B) volitional action.
C) feminine.
D) masculine.

Answer 1

 A

Question 2

Wisdom is to compassion as ________ is to ________.

A) bodhisattva; arhat
B) Mahayana; Hinayana
C) Soto; Rinzai
D) Theravada; Mahayana

Answer 2

 D

Question 3

Ann is a truly enlightened person.According to Buddhism,Ann is likely to show

A) very high intelligence.
B) vast knowledge.
C) great compassion.
D) enhanced sensory abilities.

Answer 3

 C

Question 4

What does the concept of anatta do to the person?

A) It isolates the person.
B) It makes the person one with the universe.
C) It negates the person's existence.
D) It renders the person powerless.

Question 5

What is the Tripitaka?

A) The three collections of the Buddha's teachings
B) The most popular type of Zen meditation practiced in the West
C) The state of mind of those who have not achieved nirvana
D) The name of the master who brought Zen to the American Midwest

Question 6

According to the Buddha,there are three characteristics of existence,which can be described as

A) self, others, and earth.
B) impermanence, suffering, and nonself.
C) mind, body, and soul.
D) endurance, mindfulness, and self.

Question 7

According to the concept of the five skandhas,the self is

A) empty.
B) real.
C) primary.
D) whole.

Question 8

David is a person who vows to dedicate life to the salvation of all sentient beings,not accepting full liberation until all others are free from suffering.In other words,David is striving to be a

A) bodhisattva.
B) dukkha.
C) zazen.
D) maya.

Question 9

An individual who has achieved the mental state of nirvana experiences

A) death.
B) no cravings or dualistic ideas.
C) increased intelligence.
D) the satisfaction of all desires.

Question 10

What does karma mean?

A) Future consequences
B) Destiny
C) Luck
D) Volitional action

Question 11

When the Buddha was asked what he was,he

A) said, "I am All-knowing."
B) said, "I am Awake."
C) said, "I am a God."
D) replied with silence.

Question 12

What are the five skandhas?

A) Meditation, concentration, mindfulness, discipline, and understanding
B) Form, feelings, perceptions, impulses, and consciousness
C) Head, trunk, arms, legs, and soul
D) The structures that make up one's unconscious

Question 13

Dependent origination means that everything in the universe

A) has a beginning and an end.
B) has a separate existence.
C) is causally linked.
D) originates from one source.

Question 14

The concept of anatta implies that

A) nothing exists.
B) there is no separate self.
C) the soul will experience rebirth.
D) the self is extinguished in nirvana.

Question 15

The eight components of the Eightfold Path are related to

A) education, leadership, and perseverance.
B) health, community welfare, and material wealth.
C) hard work, charity, and meditation.
D) wisdom, moral conduct, and mental discipline.

Question 16

All psychological problems arise in which level of consciousness?

A) Alayavijnana (storehouse consciousness)
B) Body consciousness
C) Manas (self-consciousness)
D) Manovijnana (thought consciousness)

Question 17

According to the teachings of Buddha,the source of all the troubles in the world is the idea of the

A) physical body.
B) thinking mind.
C) compassionate heart.
D) personal self.

Question 18

The two main styles of Zen are

A) Soto and Rinzai.
B) Buddhist and Taoist.
C) Mahayana and Theravada.
D) Japanese and Chinese.

Question 19

To Buddhists,what is nirvana?

A) An imaginary place, characterized by the absence of suffering
B) An unreachable goal
C) The destination of human souls after death
D) The ultimate state of mind, characterized by the absence of cravings

Question 20

The characteristic that sets Buddhism apart from practically all other religions,philosophies,and psychologies is

A) anicca.
B) anatta.
C) samadhi.
D) shinkeishitsu.

Question 21

Ella has assumed the main position recommended for zazen.Ella is most likely

A) standing erect.
B) sitting with each foot on the opposite thigh.
C) in direct physical contact with other people.
D) holding her breath.

Question 22

Which of the following is an autotelic activity?

A) Chanting just for the sake of chanting
B) Fighting to gain advantage over an adversary
C) Praying so that a superior power will grant one's petition
D) Teaching another so that he may in turn teach others

Question 23

In Zen,bowing is an expression of

A) disguised superiority.
B) gratitude and respect.
C) disapproval.
D) worship.

Question 24

What does gassho,the putting together of the hands,palm to palm,signify about the person who is making the gesture?

A) That he is one with the person he is greeting
B) That he is enlightened
C) That he wants to show a visitor that he has no weapons
D) That he is praying

Question 25

Rinzai is to Soto as

A) practice is to enlightenment.
B) koan is to just sitting.
C) yin is to yang.
D) Morita is to Naikan.

Question 26

Dr.Anson is a clinical psychologist who uses Eastern psychotherapy approaches.For most clients,she would probably list as a goal

A) freedom from dukkha.
B) strengthening the self.
C) separation of the self from the surrounding world.
D) replacing irrational thought patterns in significant relationships.

Question 27

Of the five approaches to Zen practice,saijojo Zen is considered the "great and perfect practice" because it is practiced

A) to attain enlightenment and thus help others.
B) to liberate one's self from suffering.
C) to reach a higher level of consciousness.
D) without expectations.

Question 28

In the same way that showering allows us to wash away dust and dirt,_________ allows us to let go of past regrets and future worries.

A) practicing zazen
B) yin
C) yang
D) body consciousness

Question 29

The reflective illumination or awakening of Zen is known as

A) satori.
B) gassho.
C) duality of thought.
D) koan.

Question 30

If being enlightened is like being on top of the mountain,why is it not the end of Zen practice?

A) Because there is always a higher state of consciousness to strive for
B) Because if one does not keep practicing, one may become unenlightened
C) Because one can never be sure that he or she has attained enlightenment
D) Because if it were, it would represent a selfish interest in one's own fulfillment

Question 31

The ugly duckling story is similar to the experience of the enlightenment because,when the duckling realized that he was a swan,

A) he realized that nothing had changed.
B) he knew that he was better than the ducks.
C) he felt out of sorts.
D) he was eager to follow the other swans.

Question 32

Why do Zen masters insist that they have nothing to teach?

A) Because enlightenment cannot be taught; it must be experienced
B) Because most Zen masters remain unenlightened themselves
C) Because there is such a vast body of knowledge to master that what they know seems trivial
D) Because they are being humble

Question 33

The question "What is the sound of one hand clapping?" is an example of a ______,intended to discourage dualistic thinking and facilitate meditation.

A) kinhin
B) koan
C) dukkha
D) zafu

Question 34

Within the practice of Zen,zafu refers to

A) concentration on one thought.
B) the firm, round cushion on which the individual sits.
C) a state of inner peace and happiness.
D) a separation of body and mind.

Question 35

What does the yin in yin and yang stand for?

A) The feminine, receptive, internal, negative aspect of nature
B) The feminine, active, external, positive aspect of nature
C) The masculine, receptive, internal, negative aspect of nature
D) The masculine, active, external, positive aspect of nature

Question 36

An experienced meditator will manifest which of the following physiological reactions during Zen meditation?

A) A marked increase in oxygen consumption
B) An increase in the body's metabolic rate
C) A predominance of beta and delta waves on an EEG reading
D) Slowed breathing with an increase in the tidal volume of air displaced

Question 37

Zach is an experienced Zen meditator.The physiological responses of Zach's body are typical of individuals who are experienced meditators.Which of the following is most likely true for Zach?

A) During meditation, his breathing rate increases.
B) Meditation increases his health and ability to deal with stress.
C) During meditation, his metabolic rates increase.
D) Zach's eyes are shut completely during all phases of his meditation.

Question 38

The philosophy of Taoism

A) is of Chinese origin.
B) is essentially incompatible with that of Buddhism.
C) is of Korean origin.
D) stresses that most psychological problems stem from change.

Question 39

A primary difference between Eastern and Western psychotherapies is that

A) Western therapists are better qualified to help others.
B) in Eastern therapies, the emphasis is individual, whereas in Western therapies, the emphasis is relational.
C) Western therapies attempt to make the self stronger, whereas Eastern therapies attempt to eliminate the self.
D) only Western therapies aim for a change of life for the individual.

Question 40

Deanna is very experienced in Zen meditation.During meditation,which of these physiological responses is most likely?

A) She will breathe more rapidly.
B) Her metabolic rates will slow down.
C) Her digestive system will cleanse itself.
D) The number of alpha and theta waves generated by the brain will decrease.

Question 41

Compare the modes of liberation or psychotherapeutic change developed by the East and the West.

Question 42

Discuss the five skandhas.Explain what it means to say that the self is empty.

Question 43

A healed patient will emerge from Naikan therapy with a(n)

A) disavowal of all negative emotions.
B) deep insight into the past experiences that contributed to his or her emotional distress.
C) strengthened and more autonomic ego.
D) understanding of how much he or she is indebted to others.

Question 44

Discuss the three characteristics of existence: anicca,dukkha,and anatta.

Question 45

Which specific Western psychotherapy approaches (for example,psychoanalytic therapy,humanistic therapy,cognitive therapy) are most compatible with Eastern philosophy? Which are least compatible?

Question 46

Evaluate Eastern theories of personality in terms of their function as philosophy,science,and art.

Question 47

Discuss the principle of dependent origination.

Question 48

Describe the method and experience of the practice of Zen meditation.

Question 49

How would your life be different if you embraced the Zen way of life? What effect would it have on your fears and worries? How about your enjoyment of everyday life? What prevents you from embracing the Zen way of life?

Question 50

Describe the eight consciousnesses.Explain what is meant by seeding the alayavijnana.

Question 51

In your opinion,why have Zen Buddhism and other Eastern approaches become more popular in parts of Western culture in recent years?

Question 52

Describe zazen.Contrast shikantaza with the koan method of the practice of Zen.

Question 53

What does having an immovable mind entail?

A) Learning to follow your heart and not take advice from others
B) Coexisting with one's feelings without reacting to them
C) Remaining calm regardless of circumstances
D) Spending time every day reviewing past actions

Question 54

Morita therapy is more than 90 percent effective in improving or curing

A) anxiety disorders.
B) major depression.
C) personality disorders.
D) schizophrenia.

Question 55

Discuss the origins of Zen by describing the story of the Buddha,the teachings of Buddhism,and the main branches of thought that stemmed from early Buddhism.

Question 56

Explain what is meant by satori.

Question 57

What would happen if everyone adopted the way of thinking and living of Zen Buddhism? Is this universal adoption likely to happen? Why or why not?

Question 58

How can Western psychotherapists increase their cultural sensitivity to Zen Buddhist clients? To what extent should they adopt their approaches to psychotherapy?

Question 59

What is one aspect of Morita therapy?

A) The "talking cure"
B) Convulsive shock therapy
C) Manual labor
D) Tranquilizers

Question 60

Morita therapy appears to be most effective with problems categorized as shinkeishitsu.The category of the DSM-IV-TR most similar to shinkeishitsu is

A) anxiety disorders.
B) mood disorders.
C) psychotic disorders.
D) eating disorders.