Deck 9: Globalization: From New Religions to World Religions Engaging Global Challenges

Question 1

The effects of globalization on human life began

A) After World War II.
B) A millennium ago.
C) After the industrial revolution.
D) A century ago.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Wicca represents a resurgence of

A) Traditionalism.
B) Goddess worship.
C) Intellectualism.
D) Ancestor worship.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

During the Cultural Revolution in China, the sacred text could be considered

A) Mao's "Little Red Book."
B) The I Ching.
C) Daodejing.
D) The Bible.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Neo-Shamanism appeals to those in dominant societies who

A) Reject culture.
B) Embrace traditionalism in an effort to return to deeper relationship with God.
C) Explore the mysteries outside the normative worldview of major world religions.
D) All of the above.

Question 5

Generally speaking, contemporary mainline Christian denominations at first view new and unique religious movements within their tradition as

A) Immediately being part of the fold.
B) Inconsequential.
C) Having strayed beyond the boundaries of Christianity.
D) A welcome refreshment of faith.

Question 6

Historically, all religions have managed to remain

A) Unchanged.
B) "Pure."
C) Cultic.
D) None of the above.

Question 7

The challenge of new age religions is

A) A challenge to end religious diversity.
B) A challenge to individual faith.
C) A challenge to the purity of tradition.
D) All of the above.

Question 8

Baha'i teaching combines religious traditions from

A) Wicca and Mormonism.
B) Only Western religious traditions.
C) Only Eastern religious traditions.
D) A broad array of traditional world religions.

Question 9

According to sociologist Robert Bellah, in American civil religion Abraham Lincoln is considered the country's

A) Father.
B) Prophet.
C) Savior.
D) Past president, no more significant than any other past president.

Question 10

In going beyond the acceptance of the existence of other beliefs and practices, most new age groups have moved from organizational pluralism, or denominationalism, to

A) Socialism.
B) Deism.
C) Positivism.
D) Eclecticism.

Question 11

Religious fundamentalism seeks a reversal of

A) Traditional values.
B) Conservatism.
C) Traditionalism.
D) Secularization.

Question 12

The entity that reintroduces religion under the disguise of indigenous cultural history and tradition and gives authority to secular political orders is

A) Pentecostalism.
B) Primal religion.
C) Ahmadiyya.
D) Civil religion.

Question 13

The new age religious movement that is a return to witchcraft, or attunement to the sacred powers of nature, is called

A) Transcendentalism.
B) Theosophy.
C) Wicca.
D) Scientology.

Question 14

In postmodern culture, it is said that the choice between "truths" is decided pragmatically because

A) People are not intellectual enough.
B) It is intellectually undecidable.
C) Not enough people today are literate.
D) It is undecidable in a practical way.

Question 15

Which of the following national holidays are celebrations of American civil religion?

A) Thanksgiving, Fourth of July, and Presidents' Day.
B) Memorial Day, Good Friday, and Yom Kippur.
C) Thanksgiving, Presidents' Day, and Groundhog Day.
D) Good Friday, Yom Kippur, and Thanksgiving.

Question 16

An example of new age religion which shows eastward migration of biblical apocalyptic traditions is

A) The Unification Church.
B) Scientology.
C) Transcendental Meditation.
D) New Thought.

Question 17

With the influence of modernity, the majority of children worldwide

A) Reject the religious views of their parents.
B) Continue to accept the religious views of their parents.
C) Have no religious beliefs.
D) None of the above.

Question 18

The growth of new age religiousness is deeply rooted in the Romantic tradition's reaction to

A) Christianity.
B) Rationalism of the Enlightenment.
C) Traditionalism.
D) Fundamentalism.

Question 19

The earliest form of religious expert practitioner was the

A) Prophet.
B) Rabbi.
C) Shaman.
D) Priest.

Question 20

Which of the following would NOT have caused the resurgence of religions since the 1970s?

A) The tendency of secularization to purge events of meaning.
B) The ever-present need in humans for stories that give meaning to their lives.
C) Human beings' basic urge to survive.
D) The collapse of the grand metanarratives.

Question 21

Which of the following is a strong similarity between ancient urban religious cultures and religions in postmodern society?

A) Both lack an integrating center.
B) Both encourage democracy as defining the social order.
C) Both teach a monotheistic view.
D) Neither cares about the role of shaman.

Question 22

Shamanic practices are seen by some in the West as

A) Uncontaminated and the last remaining spiritual frontier on Earth.
B) Traditional.
C) Fundamentalist.
D) None of the above.

Question 23

Martin Luther King Jr. was influenced by

A) Gandhi.
B) Stalin.
C) Mao.
D) Churchill.

Question 24

John Dunne argued that the time when a new world religion could be founded has

A) Passed.
B) Come.
C) Not arrived yet.
D) None of the above.

Question 25

_______, in many cases, is undergirded by a cultural pattern from one tradition though seldom to the extent of specific endorsement.

A) Civil religion.
B) Winn.
C) Wicca.
D) Neo-Shamanism.

Question 26

An example of Western religions moving Eastward is

A) The rise of meditation in the East.
B) The rise of shamanism in the East.
C) The rise of Christian churches in the East.
D) The rise of new age spirituality in the East.

Question 27

New Age religions typically include

A) Incense.
B) Self-consciousness.
C) Henna.
D) Interfaith endorsement.

Question 28

The Baha'i faith initially emerged in a country dominated by which traditional religion?

A) Judaism
B) Buddhism
C) Islam
D) Christianity

Question 29

What, more than any other single concern, unites new age seekers, despite their diversity?

A) Desire to join a formal organization.
B) The quest for the perfection of self.
C) Going on retreats.
D) Their view of the end of the world.

Question 30

The Wiccan movement can be traced back to

A) 1940s Spain.
B) 1950s France.
C) 1940s England.
D) 1940s United States.

Question 31

White shamans are

A) Easterners reviving traditional rituals.
B) Westerners concerned with fundamentalism.
C) Westerners aiming to retain traditional values.
D) Westerners claiming to be practitioners in a universal shamanic tradition.

Question 32

The Baha'i tradition embraces globalization linked to Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and

A) Marxism.
B) Socialism.
C) Asian religions.
D) Capitalism.

Question 33

Contemporary fundamentalists commonly emphasize religious identity, authenticity, and

A) Barbarism.
B) Colonialism.
C) Community.
D) Individualism.

Question 34

The religious movement established by Gandhi is considered a

A) Premodern new age religious movement.
B) Modern new age religious movement.
C) Postmodern new age religious movement.
D) Neo-Buddhist movement.

Question 35

The twentieth-century champion of human rights, who was inspired by both the Sermon on the Mount and Gandhi's teachings on nonviolence, was

A) Leo Tolstoy.
B) Martin Luther King Jr.
C) Wilfred Cantwell Smith.
D) Malcolm X.

Question 36

Two people who strongly influenced Gandhi were

A) Tolstoy and Jesus.
B) Annie Besant and St. Paul.
C) Madam Blavatsky and John Dunne.
D) John Dunne and St. Paul.

Question 37

Gandhi's technique of nonviolent civil disobedience led to the liberation of India from

A) French rule.
B) British rule.
C) Pakistani rule.
D) Self-rule.

Question 38

Gandhi was so inspired by an idea presented in the New Testament that he was able to go back to what Hindu literature and find in it justification for nonviolent civil disobedience?

A) The Upanishads.
B) The Bhagavad Gita.
C) The Lotus Sutra.
D) The Ramayana.

Question 39

Dr. King put forth a commitment to what principle as essential for the survival of humanity?

A) Ethics.
B) Morality.
C) Nonviolence.
D) None of the above.

Question 40

Russian novelist Leo Tolstoy embraced an ethic of nonviolence based on what teaching?

A) The Bhagavad Gita.
B) War and Peace.
C) The Lotus Sutra.
D) Sermon on the Mount.

Question 41

The collapse of globalization was followed by the emergence of colonialism.

Question 42

The Baha'i movement is a new religious movement toward Christian fundamentalism.

Question 43

One result of civil religion is that it reinforces the authority of secular political social orders.

Question 44

Atheism is declining in prevalence.

Question 45

Wicca centers on a resurgence of Goddess worship.

Question 46

The Wiccan movement can be traced back to the writing of Gerald Gardener.

Question 47

Secular nation-states, as introduced by modernity, are distinguished by their sanctioning of an official state-sponsored religion.

Question 48

Though postmodern culture is pluralistic, a normative center still exists within every culture.

Question 49

The emergence of Christian churches throughout Asia is an example of Eastern religion moving West.

Question 50

Neo-Shamanism has been fully embraced by the Catholic Church.

Question 51

The Chinese Communist civil religion arranged for portraits of Chairman Mao to replace images of family ancestors in home shrines, and statues of him were placed in public spaces.

Question 52

In communist China Chairman Mao's "Little Red Book" became a sacred text to be memorized, followed, and always possessed.

Question 53

The rise of civil religions has also led to a rise in genocidal campaigns.

Question 54

By definition, all new age religions are postmodern.

Question 55

American civil religion has no national holidays to serve as celebrations.

Question 56

Neo-Shamanism is considered a traditional religion.

Question 57

The resurgence of religions since the 1970s may be a reaction to the vacuum created by the tendency of secularization to purge events of meaning.

Question 58

Several religions throughout history have remained totally unchanged.

Question 59

"Civil religion" means that all persons in a single country will treat each other with respect, no matter what religion each participates in.

Question 60

A commonality of new age seekers is the goal of realizing a "higher self" through intense personal experiences of transformation.

Question 61

Gandhi interpreted the Gita to say that there is injustice in the world and there is an obligation to fight to reestablish justice.

Question 62

"New age" religions have nothing in common with older "new religions."

Question 63

The rise of the internet and global communications has not impacted traditional religions.

Question 64

Fundamentalist evangelical Christianity and modernist forms of new age religions both share the conviction that all social change begins by changing the self.

Question 65

It is not possible to practice both traditional and "new age" religions.

Question 66

Wiccans believe the world has no order and therefore no sacred forces.

Question 67

Fundamentalist evangelical Christianity and modernist forms of new age religions both emphasize rationality and deemphasize experiential transformation.

Question 68

Jesus' Sermon on the Mount influenced Tolstoy, Gandhi, and Martin Luther King, Jr.

Question 69

Wiccans believe that modern science affirms their view of the interconnectivity of all things.

Question 70

Gandhi was already a devotee of the Bhagavad Gita when he went to London to study law.

Question 71

Transcendental Meditation a mantra system of meditation.

Question 72

Transcendental Meditation is a uniquely American religion.

Question 73

In the new age of global civilization, diverse spiritual heritages have become the common inheritance of all.

Question 74

The Baha'i movement sprang from a seventeenth-century fundamentalist sect.

Question 75

New age seekers are never interested in joining religious organizations.

Question 76

The school of thought called transcendentalism integrated Asian religious beliefs with American philosophy.

Question 77

Christian Martin Luther King, Jr. admired Hindu Gandhi's nonviolent form of civil disobedience.

Question 78

The belief that Abraham Lincoln is a "savior" who led the nation away from the sin of slavery is an example of civil religion.

Question 79

No trace of religious influence can be found in Chinese Communist civil religion.

Question 80

The Cultural Revolution in China helped develop and foster diverse religious beliefs.