Deck 3: What Are the Essential Cultural Value Patterns

Question 1

Which function of cultural values provides a frame of reference to answer the fundamental question, "Who am I?"

A) Identity meaning function
B) Ingroup-outgroup evaluative function
C) Explanatory function
D) Motivational function

Answer 1

A

Question 2

_______ are groups with whom we feel no emotional ties, and at times we may experience great psychological distance from them and even feel competitive against them.

A) Ingroups
B) Outgroups
C) Extended groups
D) Collectivistic groups

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A culture that includes broad value tendencies of self-sufficiency and personal autonomy is a(n) _______culture.

A) collectivistic
B) individualistic
C) identity-meaning
D) being-in-becoming

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In Daphne's culture, ingroup harmony is important and cultural members tend to prioritize the needs of the ingroup over their own personal desires. Which type of culture is this describing?

A) Collectivistic
B) Individualistic
C) Internal locus of control
D) External locus of control

Question 5

In _______ family situations, children may contradict their parents and speak their mind, whereas in _______ family situations, children are expected to obey and not contradict their parents.

A) harmony with nature; subjugation to nature
B) subjugation to nature; harmony with nature
C) large power distance; small power distance
D) small power distance; large power distance

Question 6

_______ refers to the extent to which members of a culture do not mind conflicts or uncertain situations and the extent to which they try to avoid those uncertain situations.

A) Identity meaning
B) Individualism
C) Construal of self
D) Uncertainty avoidance

Question 7

You look forward to working in an organization that emphasizes risk-taking and encourages open discussions about conflict issues; you want to work for a workplace that values the _______ value dimension.

A) feminine
B) weak uncertainty avoidance
C) large power distance
D) strong uncertainty avoidance

Question 8

You're interested in working for an overseas company that values female and male employees equally. You should definitely make sure that the company holds the "_______" value spectrum.

A) feminine
B) being
C) doing
D) masculine

Question 9

An _______ construal of self involves an emphasis on the importance of fitting in with relevant others and ingroup connectedness.

A) individualistic
B) independent
C) internal
D) interdependent

Question 10

Siv tends to view herself as distinct and unique from others, and she values personal achievement, self-direction, and competition. Siv is operating from an _______ construal of self.

A) independent
B) interdependent
C) internal
D) uncertainty avoidance

Question 11

Despite your young age of 24, you've worked hard to get to a top management position. You believe you deserve some formal respect and recognition from your subordinates. Your personality style emphasizes a _______ self-tendency.

A) horizontal
B) spiral
C) circular
D) vertical

Question 12

Raj heard a rumor that the company he works for may be downsizing. Rather than waiting to find out, he responds to this uncertainty by actively seeking information from his upper-management supervisor. What personality type of individual is he?

A) Certainty-oriented type
B) Being type
C) Being-in-becoming type
D) Uncertainty-oriented type

Question 13

In Sven's culture, people are expected to strongly adhere to cultural expectations and norms. Sven's culture would be described as a "_______" social system.

A) loose
B) tight
C) being
D) being-in-becoming

Question 14

Aliyah has joined an ethnic activist group to fight against adversity and to combat racism. What "meaning" activity value orientation does Aliyah endorse?

A) "Doing" solution
B) "Being" solution
C) "Being-in-becoming" solution
D) Controlling their environment

Question 15

Your morning rituals include meditation, doing yoga, and taking time to arrive at a "stillness" state. All these spiritual activities illustrate your _______ core value system.

A) doing
B) being
C) yielding
D) being-in-becoming

Question 16

A _______ value orientation means emphasizing tangible outcome-focused achievement activities; whereas a _______ value orientation means you're more concerned with tending to relationship priority and interpersonal connection issues.

A) doing; being
B) being; doing
C) being-in-becoming; doing
D) doing; being-in-becoming

Question 17

Mayor Denton's reaction to a flood in her small town in Georgia is to call for a town meeting at which she assigns various townspeople to jobs, such as reinforcing the dam and cleaning up debris. What destiny value orientation is Mayor Denton endorsing?

A) Controlling their environment
B) Harmony with nature
C) Locus of control
D) Subjugation to nature

Question 18

The Haitian village members in a rural area believe that an earthquake is a powerful force beyond human control and that they have to bow down and accept their fate. They subscribe to a strong _______ value orientation.

A) harmony-with-nature
B) controlling nature
C) subjugation-to-nature
D) being-in-becoming

Question 19

In trying to motivate his team to perform well, a coach says, "It's your responsibility to choose to work hard. You have to want to do well for yourself, not for others." This coach has which value orientation?

A) Internal locus of control
B) External locus of control
C) Ethnic
D) Cultural

Question 20

You're waiting for "fate" or "destiny" to guide you to find your true soulmate in life; your personality style reflects _______ locus of control tendency.

A) internal
B) moderate
C) high
D) external

Question 21

Camille and Chika have different reactions to their equally poor performances on the first exam of the semester. Camille believes that it is her responsibility to do better and that she must make extra effort on the next exam. Chika believes that destiny or fate was involved and that sometimes external forces shape one's life events. Camille has a(n) _______ locus of control, and Chika has a(n) _______ locus of control.

A) internal; external
B) external; internal
C) vertical; horizontal
D) horizontal; vertical

Question 22

During a business meeting, group members make decisions based on the company's history and tradition. These members are most likely operating from which temporal value orientation?

A) Future-oriented time sense
B) Present-oriented time sense
C) Past-oriented time sense
D) Internal-oriented time sense

Question 23

Individuals who subscribe to _______ time orientation tend to have a long-term "big picture" perspective on time.

A) future
B) present
C) past
D) current

Question 24

The I in the O.D.I.S. method refers to

A) Ignorance.
B) Illumination.
C) interpretation(s).
D) investigation(s).

Question 25

Bianca decides to come up with various possible explanations why the foreigner she just spoke to stood very close to her while conversing ("They do this in his culture;" "He had trouble hearing my quiet voice," "He was talking about a topic that he considers private"). Which aspect of the O.D.I.S. method is she practicing?

A) Observation
B) Description
C) Interpretation(s)
D) Suspend ethnocentric evaluation

Question 26

Middle-class values in the United States emphasize individual initiative and achievement.

Question 27

The majority of the world populations subscribe to some form of individualistic cultural value tendencies.

Question 28

The most important value dimension that shapes our sense of self is the power distance value dimension.

Question 29

Individualism is a cultural pattern common in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Central and South America.

Question 30

Individuals with an internal locus of control tend to emphasize free will, individual motivation, and personal effort and responsibility.

Question 31

Briefly define the term values and describe one (or more) of the functions of values.

Question 32

Briefly describe the cultural patterns of individualism and collectivism, identifying an example country for each.

Question 33

Briefly describe the difference between small power distance cultures and large power distance cultures. What misunderstandings might occur on a work team with members from both of these cultures?

Question 34

Describe the differences between the responses to a natural disaster that might come from a culture that operates from destiny value orientation of "controlling their environment" versus a culture that operates from a destiny value orientation of "subjugation to nature."

Question 35

Explain the major differences between independent and interdependent self-construals.