Deck 6: Cant We All Just Get Along Racial and Ethnic Inequalities

Question 1

Whose death by police in 2020 prompted protests around the country?

A) Eric Garner
B) Sandra Bland
C) George Floyd
D) Tamir Rice

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What is the bad apples theory of racial profiling by US police?

A) Bad actors in the police force-like bad apples-can spoil the bunch as in harm the entire police force.
B) Particular officers-a few bad apples-who hold negative attitudes against Black people and actively discriminate should be treated as isolated cases.
C) Police must use consistent forceful measures to find the bad apples in society who are committing crimes.
D) It only takes a few bad apples to unfairly ruin the reputation of an entire police force.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What is the percentage of African Americans in the US population reported by the Census Bureau for 2019?

A) 13%
B) 33%
C) 51%
D) 76%

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What percentage of people self-identified as multiracial in the 2019 Census report?

A) 3%
B) 13%
C) 23%
D) 33%

Question 5

According to the American Sociological Association, _____ refers to "shared culture, such as language, ancestry, practices, and beliefs," while _____ refers to "physical differences that groups and cultures consider socially significant."

A) race ; ethnicity
B) biology ; heritage
C) heritage ; biology
D) ethnicity ; race

Question 6

The idea of distinguishable groups based on race is something that has existed for many years. In the 19th century biologists attempted to develop a typology that grouped humans into categories.

A) Negroid and Caucasoid, which essentially translates into Black/Arabic/Middle Eastern/Asian and White/European/Jewish
B) Negroid, Mongoloid, and Caucasoid, which essentially translates into Black, Asian, and White
C) Caucasoid and non-Caucasoid, which essentially translates into White and non-White
D) Negroid, Mongoloid, and Caucasoid, which essentially translates into Africa/Middle East, Asia/Oceania, and European/America/Latin America

Question 7

Which of the following are examples of ethnicities?

A) Hispanic, Irish
B) Asian, Hispanic, African American
C) White, American
D) Black, Asian

Question 8

Race is a social construction and only loosely based in biology. One illustration of this is

A) race categories are constant across time and place.
B) ethnicity is more scientifically clear-cut than race.
C) one's racial categorization may differ from one country to another, depending on how groups are defined by distinct societies.
D) races become mixed with intermarriage.

Question 9

Sociologists define a minority group not in terms of its numerical size but rather

A) as a group that suffers from unequal treatment due to lack of access to power in relation to the dominant group.
B) as one group of many smaller groups in a society that do not collectively comprise a majority.
C) as a group deemed inferior in a society even if it controls access to more social, economic, and political power.
D) in terms of its numerical size relative to the majority or dominant group.

Question 10

An example of the sociological approach to the minority/majority dynamic is

A) a society with equal shares of race/ethnic groups has no minority/majority distinctions because each group is the same size.
B) as the US Hispanic population grows, so too does its power and majority potential based only on its rapid growth.
C) US Whites are dropping in their share of the population compared to other fast-growing groups; therefore, Whites are becoming a minority group.
D) Blacks under the apartheid system in South Africa constituted the numerical majority, but all the social, economic, and political power remained with the much smaller White population.

Question 11

Prejudice consists of

A) mistreatment, actions, and behaviors taken against a particular group of people.
B) judgement grounded in consistent and unchallenged evidence.
C) a negative attitude or set of beliefs about a particular group of people.
D) all of the above.

Question 12

Discrimination is

A) mistreatment, actions, and behaviors taken against a particular group of people.
B) judgement grounded in consistent and unchallenged evidence.
C) a negative attitude or set of beliefs about a particular group of people.
D) all of the above.

Question 13

Which of the following categories of Merton's typology of prejudice and discrimination is the least harmful in terms of fighting racism?

A) Unprejudiced Non-Discriminator
B) Prejudiced Discriminator
C) Prejudiced Non-Discriminator
D) Unprejudiced Discriminator

Question 14

Why would color-blind racism be more difficult to eradicate than open racism?

A) Because all groups can claim to be color-blind.
B) Because people think racism is no longer a problem and dismiss the discussion of racial inequality without considering the evidence.
C) Because-despite its persistence in our society today-it is so subtle that there is hardly any problem left to see and fix.
D) Because even Whites can be victims of this type of racism.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of white privilege?

A) White people in the U.S. are 2 to 10 times more likely to get a housing loan than people of color.
B) Many White people hold negative and inaccurate stereotypes about people from other racial/ethnic groups.
C) Whites are convinced that they have unearned/unfair benefits based on their whiteness.
D) Non-white students are offered college scholarships as part of Affirmative Action.

Question 16

In direct opposition to the notion of White privilege, which group feels there is actually more "Black privilege"?

A) Women of all racial/ethnic backgrounds
B) US veterans
C) Working-class Whites
D) Black middle-class families

Question 17

A White person saying, "The worst thing to do to someone is to call them a racist! I don't see color!" is an example of

A) reverse racism.
B) White fragility.
C) Unprejudiced Discriminator.
D) Apartheid.

Question 18

According to the World Value Survey, the United States is _____ of others than other places in the world.

A) more intolerant
B) no more intolerant
C) no less tolerant
D) more tolerant

Question 19

What factor does sociologist race expert William Julius Wilson content is a more dominant stratifier in the U.S. than race?

A) Gender
B) Sexuality
C) Class
D) Nothing

Question 20

Which of the following places was found to have more intolerant racial views according to the World Value Survey?

A) Latin America
B) U.S.
C) Scandinavian countries
D) Middle East and Asia

Question 21

The notion that racist actions and beliefs are embedded in the structure of society is referred to as

A) color-blind racism.
B) institutional discrimination.
C) Jim Crow racism.
D) reverse racism.

Question 22

While _____ focuses on particular aspects of the problem, _____ involves a more holistic devaluing of African Americans in society.

A) prejudice ; discrimination
B) discrimination ; prejudice
C) systemic racism ; institutional discrimination
D) institutional discrimination ; systemic racism

Question 23

What is racial steering?

A) Efforts to encourage white people to avoid non-white people in social situations
B) A practice by which real estate agents attempt to convince minority home buyers to live in neighborhoods with more minorities and fewer Whites
C) Education tracking of students by race groups
D) Profiling by police officers by race

Question 24

What is redlining?

A) A practice by which real estate agents attempt to convince minority home buyers to live in neighborhoods outside of the redlined areas with more minorities and fewer Whites
B) This is the practice of towns or cities making neighborhood boundaries, formally separating White from Black neighborhoods.
C) To determine which homes were suitable for federal home loan support as part of the New Deal, the loan agency created a color-coded map. Green areas were predominantly White and thus considered the best; undesirable areas were colored red and were predominantly Black. This system excluded Black residents from receiving support to buy their homes.
D) After slavery was abolished, the federal government published and distributed maps with red states and blue states, denoting where African Americans were welcome to move or not.

Question 25

According to the U.S. Department of Education, in 2018, while 90% of Asians and 88% of Whites graduated high school, ______ make it to graduation.

A) 78% of Hispanics and 75% of African Americans
B) 80% of Hispanics and 78% of African Americans
C) 82% of Hispanics and 80% of African Americans
D) 85% of Hispanics and 81% of African Americans

Question 26

One study examined how minority achievement in education related to parents' wealth. The study found

A) wealth played little role in a child's educational achievement.
B) race alone, regardless of parents' wealth or level of education, is the largest predictor of a child's education.
C) the level of education of one's parents and their wealth are the two best predictors of the quality of higher education their children will receive.
D) parents' education level played little role in a child's educational achievement.

Question 27

People of color primarily find themselves in

A) semi-skilled or unskilled jobs.
B) unemployment.
C) highly skilled jobs.
D) management and professional jobs.

Question 28

According to U.S. Census data, which group has the lowest median household income for both 2017 and 2018?

A) Asian
B) Black
C) Hispanic
D) American Indian/Pacific Islander

Question 29

What is racial profiling?

A) When police may hold racial/ethnic stereotypes or prejudices, but do not act on them.
B) Data that police use to narrow down suspects for a given offense.
C) When police initiate contact with people of color based solely on racial/ethnic appearance.
D) When police initiate contact with people of color based on their current behavior and/or past criminal record relevant to a given offense.

Question 30

According to the Uniform Crime Reports, in 2018, African Americans represented about 13% of the population but approximately what percentage of all arrests?

A) 7%
B) 15%
C) 27%
D) 48%

Question 31

While data is inconclusive, available reports indicate that homicide by police (either justifiable or not) could represent about what percentage of US deaths of arrested people in custody?

A) 20%
B) 60%
C) 10%
D) 80%

Question 32

Regarding sentencing, data shows that Blacks and Latinos were generally

A) sentenced less harshly than Whites and Asians.
B) sentenced at similar levels as Asians.
C) sentenced more harshly than Whites.
D) sentenced at similar levels as Whites.

Question 33

While they represented approximately 13% of the overall population in this country in 2018, African Americans represented what percentage of those incarcerated in state and federal prisons?

A) 8%
B) 13%
C) 33%
D) 50%

Question 34

A White child born in 2015 has a life expectancy of 76 years while White females can generally expect to live 81 years, according to the Center for Disease Control. An African American male's life expectancy is _____ years and African American females can expect to live to about _____ years.

A) 71 ; 78
B) 74 ; 80
C) 71 ; 83
D) 78 ; 83

Question 35

Functionalists assert that the positive feelings of being a part of a group, even a subordinate one that has less access to social, economic, and political power, tends to

A) make dominant groups even stronger because subordinate groups are not bothered by the separation.
B) promote and maintain strong ties among group members, but can also be associated with fear and hostility toward and from other groups.
C) promote and maintain strong ties among group members which helps to foster less conflict with and greater respect from other groups.
D) be harmful for all groups because there should only be one group.

Question 36

Some of the more recent applications of conflict theory to explain racial inequalities address

A) settler-colonialism.
B) impact of appropriation of Indigenous lands on Native Americans.
C) intersectional factors including gender and sexuality.
D) all of the above.

Question 37

Critical Race theory includes

A) trying to address and dispel myths and stereotypes that individuals have about people from other race/ethnicity groups.
B) examination of how people perceive and respond to race especially in terms of white privilege and white fragility.
C) an emphasis on group solidarity and social cohesion.
D) advocacy and activism to identify and challenge racist laws and policies that target minorities.

Question 38

While events in 2020 surrounding race and how racism is expressed in our society are dramatic, controversial, and even contested, one example of how a symbolic interactionist might understand how race influences relationships and interactions among people can be seen in

A) the acquittal of impeachment charges for then President Donald Trump on charges of abuse of power and obstruction of Congress.
B) the US statistics about race and health related to the Covid-19 pandemic.
C) the protests (and counter-protests) to remove statues of famous Confederate leaders in cities and on campuses around the country that were perceived as symbols of racial hatred and/or support for white supremacy.
D) the televised debates for the 2020 US presidential election.

Question 39

Stereotypes, labeling, and prejudice are key aspects of analysis for

A) Functionalists.
B) Conflict Theorists.
C) Symbolic Interactionists.
D) Critical Race Theorists.

Question 40

Affirmative Action is generally defined as

A) programs to address white privilege among white employees and students.
B) employment and education policies and approaches to increase representation and equal opportunities for minorities.
C) workplace diversity training.
D) lower taxation of minority employees as reparations for past and present racial inequalities.

Question 41

What two laws passed by Congress empowered the U.S. Department of Justice to take steps to eliminate race discrimination?

A) Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act
B) New Deal and Welfare Reform
C) Jim Crow Laws and New Deal
D) Brown vs. Board of Education and Voting Rights Act

Question 42

Which of the following is an unfortunate drawback to Affirmative Action outlined by Christopher Jencks?

A) Wealthy and privileged Whites, who have the cultural capital, social networks, and resources to do so, will typically not be able to find other opportunities to succeed if preferential treatment is afforded to minorities.
B) The programs and policies have not been shown to be effective at reducing inequalities in the workplace and in schools.
C) Some minority people in workplace and other contexts might always feel unfairly pressured to have to prove their worth beyond what a White person would have to do in a similar situation.
D) People tend to lie about their race or ethnicity in order to be considered for preferential treatment in their workplace and/or education applications.

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a key argument made by advocates of affirmative action?

A) It addresses that Blacks were denied opportunities during slavery and onward, depriving them from equal opportunity.
B) White people should give up more resources and opportunities out of guilt and shame for white racism.
C) The idea of preferential treatment today is based on this legacy of slavery, where one group gained a considerable advantage over another.
D) Given a fair representation of all people in society, minorities should see their level of participation in all walks of life be equal especially where merit is equal.

Question 44

Which of the following is an example of an effective anti-racism education strategy?

A) Separating students from others from different race groups
B) Recognizing White ideology and identifying micro-aggressions
C) Matching teachers with only students from the same race group
D) Promote color-blindness

Question 45

In studying micro-aggressions in the classroom, Brookfield found evidence that

A) minorities are often excluded from classroom discussions and are generally not given the same opportunities as their White counterparts.
B) White teachers were overwhelmingly more attentive to non-White students.
C) teachers were acutely aware of their White ideology and were able to consciously avoid micro-aggressions.
D) students are generally unaware of any insult or exclusion on the part of teachers against them.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the best workplace diversity programs?

A) They should engage managers and co-worker contact across all races/ethnicities.
B) They should be driven from the top of the organization completely and consistently to enforce compliance.
C) They should promote social accountability.
D) They should grow organically with staff input and support.

Question 47

Which of the following is an example of the negative and dangerous potential for individuals on social media to spread misinformation and foment racial violence?

A) 2020 death of George Floyd by police homicide
B) Blue Lives Matter movement
C) January 6, 2021 attack on US capitol building
D) Black Lives Matter movement

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT a good step to take toward an increased understanding of US racial issues?

A) Explore your own racial and ethnic identity, and level of privilege.
B) Seek out online hate groups to argue with and debate.
C) Expose yourself to more diversity.
D) Confront your own stereotypes and prejudices.

Question 49

At its core, the Black Lives Matter movement

A) is working to abolish police and encourage a lawless society.
B) promotes racial division and chaos by singling out one group over other groups which also matter.
C) seeks to highlight ways in which African Americans are superior to other races and ethnicities.
D) is about recognizing the disparities and injustices for African Americans that have existed throughout US history.

Question 50

What is the best way for people as individuals to address racism in the U.S.?

A) Educate yourself.
B) Seek to be color-blind.
C) Attack people who commit micro-aggressions.
D) Avoid uncomfortable conversations with people of other races or ethnicities.