Deck 22: Shadows over the Pacific: East Asia under Challenge

Question 1

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
Hong Kong

Answer 1

Answer not provided.

Question 2

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
Hong Xiuquan and the "Heavenly Kingdom of Supreme Peace"

Answer 2

Answer not provided.

Question 3

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
extraterritoriality

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
Qianlong

Question 5

What political,economic,and social reforms were instituted by the Qing dynasty during its final decades,and why were they not more successful in reversing the decline of Manchu rule? Why did the Qing dynasty decline and ultimately collapse,and what role did the Western powers play in this process?

Question 6

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
Lin Zexu

Question 7

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
Treaty of Nanjing

Question 8

To what degree was the Meiji Restoration a "revolution," and to what extent did it succeed in transforming Japan? What were some of the key reasons why the Meiji reformers were so successful in launching Japan on the road to industrialization? How would you appraise the nature of the Meiji Restoration? Was it,on balance,more innovative or more conservative? Why? Was it truly "from above"?

Question 9

How did China and Japan each respond to Western pressures in the nineteenth century,and what implications did their different responses have for each nation's history? How did Western values and institutions influence Chinese and Japanese social mores and traditions during the imperialist era? In particular,contrast China's policy of "East for Essence,West for Practical Use" with the policies of Japan's Meiji Restoration.

Question 10

Sun Yat-sen is often claimed to be the father of modern China.Is this designation accurate? Why or why not?

Question 11

Was the Opium War a turning point in Chinese history? Why or why not?

Question 12

What were the causes and consequences of the Russo-Japanese War? For Japan? For Russia? For China?

Question 13

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
opium trade and Opium War

Question 14

What possible reasons might explain why there was no equivalent to the Meiji Restoration in China?

Question 15

At what point did the fall of the Manchus become inevitable? Why then?

Question 16

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
the Macartney and Amherst missions

Question 17

Compare and contrast China's Cixi and Britain's Victoria as symbols reflecting the fundamental nature of their two societies in the latter nineteenth century.

Question 18

What was the significance of the Sino-Japanese War for China? For Japan? Why? Was its impact of lesser or greater importance than the later Russo-Japanese War? Why?

Question 19

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
the Qing/Manchus

Question 20

Why was it that Japan,rather than other South Asian,Southeast Asian,or East Asian states,made the successful transition to a modern nation?

Question 21

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Revolution of 1911

Question 22

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Commodore Matthew C.Perry

Question 23

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Treaty of Tianjin

Question 24

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
"self-strengthening"

Question 25

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Puyi

Question 26

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Wang Tao v.Zhang Zhidong

Question 27

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Cixi

Question 28

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foot binding

Question 29

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spheres of influence

Question 30

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Kang Youwei,Guangxu,and the One Hundred Days of Reform

Question 31

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John Hay and the Open Door

Question 32

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Revolutionary Alliance/Tongmenghui

Question 33

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Boxer Rebellion

Question 34

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
Yuan Shikai

Question 35

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
Sun Yat-sen

Question 36

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
Tokugawa shogunate

Question 37

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
the Treaty of Kanagawa

Question 38

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
"East for Essence,West for Practical Use"

Question 39

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
"gentlemen's agreement"

Question 40

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Shandong peninsula

Question 41

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Edo/Tokyo

Question 42

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Japanese gardens and woodblock prints

Question 43

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
"Sat-Cho" alliance

Question 44

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
kokutai

Question 45

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
Sino-Japanese War

Question 46

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
Sakahlin and the Kurile Islands

Question 47

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Trans-Siberian Railway

Question 48

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
Meiji Restoration

Question 49

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
Russo-Japanese War

Question 50

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
Ryukyu Islands

Question 51

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
"three obediences"

Question 52

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Treaty of Shimonoseki

Question 53

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
Meiji Constitution of 1890

Question 54

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Port Arthur

Question 55

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
Hiratsuka Raicho's Blue Stockings

Question 56

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
Korea's Yi dynasty

Question 57

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
Liberal and Progressive parties

Question 58

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
Taiwan and the Liaodong peninsula

Question 59

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
"dancing cabinet"

Question 60

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
Charter Oath of 1868

Question 61

The "spheres of influence"

A) were set up in Korea and Annam to enhance Chinese power in both areas.
B) were first created when the United States gained control of the island of Chusan in 1848.
C) enabled the Manchus to regain their power base in their Manchurian heartland.
D) were in part the result of local Chinese strongmen selling exclusive economic privileges to foreign governments and their merchants.
E) in fact, never developed in China but did in Korea.

Question 62

A new round of Western territorial demands in China was sparked by the successful 1897 German acquisition of much of the

A) island of Sri Lanka.
B) Shandong Peninsula.
C) Liaodong Peninsula.
D) Korean Peninsula.
E) Weihaiwei Peninsula.

Question 63

The so-called "barren rock" which Great Britain gained as a result of the Opium War was

A) Port Arthur.
B) Shanghai.
C) Hong Kong.
D) Bejing.
E) Nanking.

Question 64

The Taiping Rebellion

A) began in Tibet and was "created" by Russia.
B) began in Vietnam and spread only into north China.
C) was crushed by a "blended" army of British, French, and United States troops.
D) separated Taiwan from Japanese control.
E) "peaked" with the rebel capture of the old Ming capital of Nanjing.

Question 65

Which of the following was not true about the loss of Qing control over its empire in the late nineteenth century?

A) Japan defeated China in a war over Korea in the 1890s.
B) The Russians transferred territories north of the Amur River in Siberia to China.
C) The Tibetans revived their local autonomy.
D) The British and the French removed Burma and Vietnam from their traditional relationship to the Manchu court.
E) The Chinese lost Taiwan to Japan.

Question 66

Identify the following terms.2655:2691
Tokyo School of Fine Arts

Question 67

The Manchu Dynasty did not fall because of

A) discreet Japanese economic pressure.
B) pressures placed upon it by Western imperialism.
C) its growing inability to control Chinese society.
D) constant Chinese population growth.
E) pressures brought about by internal corruption and revolt.

Question 68

The Sino-Japanese War

A) marked the acceptance of Western-style imperialism by China when it took Korea from Japan.
B) began as each country tried to keep the other from taking over Tibet.
C) became a two-power conflict when Russia refused to honor its alliance with Japan.
D) culminated in the Treaty of Harbin, which saw China gain the island of Hokkaido.
E) forced China to cede Taiwan and the Liaodong peninsula to Japan.

Question 69

As a result of German acquisition of the Shandong Peninsula,all of the following occurred except

A) the German maneuver to "avenge" the murder of its two missionaries succeeded.
B) Russia was able to acquire Port Arthur.
C) the Chinese government initiated new reforms, at the request of Kang Youwei.
D) the United States pursued an Open Door policy in China.
E) it was obvious that the dismemberment of China was impossible.

Question 70

Hong Xiuquan

A) was the Christian leader of the Taiping Rebellion.
B) was a retired houseboy who became emperor in 1855.
C) was angered by government expenditures to widen and deepen the Grand Canal.
D) supported the Qing during the Taiping Rebellion.
E) received overwhelming and continuous support from the West.

Question 71

To try to increase trade profits in China,the British

A) seized Taiwan as their first Chinese "colony" in 1827.
B) had Lords Macartney and Amherst successfully negotiate broadened British trading rights with the Chinese.
C) invaded China in 1816 and took control of all south China seaports.
D) shipped large amounts of opium into China at a massive profit.
E) replaced the Chinese imperial government with a pro-Western democratic government.

Question 72

Which of the following statements accurately characterizes the nature of the Opium War?

A) It was begun, and won, by China.
B) The Chinese began hostilities as the only means available to them to stop the opium trade of the British.
C) Philippine smugglers used the war to monopolize the Chinese opium trade.
D) The British used Chinese objection to opium importation as a pretext to unilaterally invade China and forcibly open it to Western trade.
E) The war was a competitive confrontation between the Western colonialist nations to determine which would be the most successful at flooding China with opium.

Question 73

Which of the following was not a feature of the Treaty of Nanjing?

A) Hong Kong was transferred to British control.
B) The British agreed to stop exporting opium to China.
C) The British obtained the right to begin trading in five Chinese ports.
D) All British citizens in China were granted extraterritorial rights.
E) The British were to be paid an indemnity to cover the cost of the Opium War.

Question 74

The Treaty of Tianjin

A) allowed Japan to take over Korea.
B) made the Chinese opium trade legal.
C) closed all Chinese ports to foreign trade.
D) gave the British the Liaodong Peninsula in 1875.
E) deprived the Russians of any control in northern China.

Question 75

Lord Macartney's trip to Beijing in 1793

A) resulted in his being refused permission to go to the capital.
B) created a scandal because Macartney tried to sell opium to local businessmen.
C) was the primary action leading to the fall of the Qing.
D) failed, as the Chinese government did not want additional trade with Britain.
E) succeeded in obtaining Hong Kong for Great Britain.

Question 76

In the last decades of the nineteenth century in China,

A) Taiwan was taken over by Japan.
B) Qing control over Chinese localities was strengthened.
C) the Manchu rulers made no attempts at reform.
D) Chinese control over outlying regions was strengthened.
E) the Qing dynasty became increasingly popular throughout all levels of Chinese society.

Question 77

In 1894,the Qing went to war with Japan over

A) Tibet.
B) Korea.
C) Vietnam.
D) Laos.
E) Siberia.

Question 78

The Opium War

A) finally forced China to cease selling opium in India and Singapore.
B) was ended by the Treaty of Taiwan.
C) gave Britain control of Hong Kong.
D) ended with a British defeat.
E) gave China the right to sell opium in India.

Question 79

With an aroused concern over the emergence of Japanese imperialist power in 1894,the European powers forced the Japanese to

A) assume responsibility for the Philippine islands.
B) give up the Shandong Peninsula to Russia.
C) give up Canton and also Macao.
D) give up their land in eastern Siberia.
E) return the Liaodong Peninsula to China.

Question 80

In a response to the reforms initiated by Emperor Guangxu,all of the following occurred except

A) conservatives turned against him.
B) Cixi successfully took power in Peking.
C) he was made a palace captive by his aunt.
D) the One Hundred Days of Reform failed.
E) democracy took root in China.