Deck 24: Nationalism Revolution and Dictatorship: Asia the Middle East and Latin America from 1919 to 1939

Question 1

Could Gandhi's non-violence and civil disobedience have succeeded against Hitler's Germany or Stalin's Soviet Union? If so,how? If not,why not?

Answer 1

Answer not provided.

Question 2

Identify the following terms.
satyagraha

Answer 2

Answer not provided.

Question 3

Communist Parties were established in many Asian societies in the years immediately following the Bolshevik Revolution.How successful were these parties in winning popular support and achieving their goals? How did leaders' social-class background,religious and ethnic loyalties,and/or Marxist ideas and the success of the Bolshevik Revolution interact to help shape and motivate the anti-colonial nationalist movements? Why did these interactions differ so widely?

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

What difficulties or challenges did the United States pose to the political,social,and economic development of Latin America in the interwar years? Be specific.

Question 5

Identify the following terms.
Burma's Thakin and the Dutch East Indies' Sarekat Islam

Question 6

Identify the following terms.
Mohandas (Mahatma)Gandhi

Question 7

Identify the following terms.
Sarda Act and marriage

Question 8

Identify the following terms.
the Amritsar massacre

Question 9

What were the various stages in the rise of nationalist movements in Asia and the Middle East? How did traditional beliefs and practices aid and/or hinder the development of "modern" nationalist movements in Asia and the Middle East? Were these beliefs and practices as influential in this development process as colonial policies and military power? Explain.

Question 10

"Nationalism in Asia and Latin America was merely the response to either de facto or de jure Western imperialism." Discuss,pro and con,with examples.

Question 11

Identify the following terms.
Gandhi's salt march

Question 12

Generally speaking,how did the early twentieth century transform the status of women in the countries considered in this chapter? To what degree were these transformations enduring changes? In what ways did tradition continue to shape the female status in the various societies?

Question 13

Would Marx,or Lenin,or Stalin have approved of Mao's "road to socialism"? Why and/or why not?

Question 14

Identify the following terms.
Indian National Congress (INC)

Question 15

Identify the following terms.
Government of India Act

Question 16

How did Japan address the problems of nation building in the first decades of the twentieth century,and why did democratic institutions not take hold more effectively? In what ways did Japan's political system and social structure in the interwar wars combine modern and traditional elements? How successful was the attempt to create a modern political system while retaining indigenous traditions of civil obedience and loyalty to the emperor?

Question 17

How did Gandhian ideas and actions compare with those of Nehru and other Indian nationalists? Might Gandhi's ideas,if generally accepted,have averted the development of a separate Muslin League? Why or why not?

Question 18

"The collapse of the Ottoman Empire led directly to the conflicts and challenges facing the Middle East in the early twenty-first century." Discuss pro and con.

Question 19

In what ways did the ideas and actions of Turkey's Mustafa Kemal compare with those of Mohandas Gandhi in India and the leaders working to enhance Chinese independence? Did Gandhi's presence in India help to offset the divisive impact of communal differences? Why or why not?

Question 20

"Chinese society was simply too large,both in area and population,and too disorganized by decades of mismanagement under the Manchus,to permit the Guomindang,or any other entity,to effectively govern it during the interwar period." Discuss,pro and con.

Question 21

Identify the following terms.
Reza Khan

Question 22

Identify the following terms.
the Comintern

Question 23

Identify the following terms.
no fez,no veil,no Shari'a

Question 24

Identify the following terms.
Mustafa Kemal/Atatürk

Question 25

Identify the following terms.
Pakistan,"The Land of the Pure"

Question 26

Identify the following terms.
Iran's 1906 Constitution

Question 27

Identify the following terms.
Wahhabi movement and Ibn Saud

Question 28

Identify the following terms.
Republic of Turkey

Question 29

Identify the following terms.
Hasan al-Bana and the Muslim Brotherhood

Question 30

Identify the following terms.
Muslim League

Question 31

Identify the following terms.
Young Turks

Question 32

Identify the following terms.
Palestine and Saudi Arabia

Question 33

Identify the following terms.
Aramco

Question 34

Identify the following terms.
Jawaharlal Nehru

Question 35

Identify the following terms.
T.E.Lawrence

Question 36

Identify the following terms.
Ho Chi Minh

Question 37

Identify the following terms.
League of Nations' mandates

Question 38

Identify the following terms.
Iran's Qajar and Pahlevi dynasties

Question 39

Identify the following terms.
Balfour Declaration

Question 40

Identify the following terms.
Syria's Ba'ath Party

Question 41

Identify the following terms.
Mexico's Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)

Question 42

Identify the following terms.
Taisho democracy

Question 43

Identify the following terms.
warlords

Question 44

Identify the following terms.
"Mr.Sai" and "Mr.De"

Question 45

Identify the following terms.
May Fourth (1919)Movement

Question 46

Identify the following terms.
Mao Zedong and the CCP

Question 47

Identify the following terms.
zaibatsu

Question 48

Identify the following terms.
Argentina's Juan Perón and Brazil's GetúlioVargas

Question 49

Identify the following terms.
Tanizaki's Some Prefer Nettles

Question 50

Identify the following terms.
Shidehara Diplomacy

Question 51

Identify the following terms.
Mao Dun's Midnight and Ba Jin's Family

Question 52

Identify the following terms.

-the Guomindang,Sun Yat-sen,and Chiang Kai-shek

Question 53

Identify the following terms.
United Fruit Company and the "banana republics"

Question 54

Identify the following terms.
the New Culture Movement

Question 55

Identify the following terms.
the Nanjing Republic

Question 56

Identify the following terms.
Mei-ling Soong and the New Life Movement

Question 57

Identify the following terms.
People's Liberation Army (PLA)

Question 58

Identify the following terms.
the Northern Expedition and the Long March

Question 59

Identify the following terms.
Lázaro Cárdenas,land reform and PEMEX

Question 60

Identify the following terms.
"Down with Confucius and sons"

Question 61

The term Mahatma means

A) Commander.
B) Highly Intelligent One.
C) Great Soul.
D) Mighty Savior.
E) Saint.

Question 62

Under Shah Reza Khan,

A) the French were maneuvered into countering pressure from Britain and Germany.
B) the bureaucracies of Iran's government, both civilian and military, were modernized.
C) no progress was made in modernizing the economic infrastructure of the country.
D) the authority of Islamic religious beliefs was destroyed in Iran.
E) foreign influence in Iran was eliminated.

Question 63

Identify the following terms.
Diego Rivera and Frieda Kahlo

Question 64

King Faisal of Syria,a descendant of Muhammed,led which nation in the years following the First World War?

A) Saudi Arabia
B) Iran
C) Iraq
D) Jordan
E) Turkey

Question 65

The Turkish Republic changed its society by all of the following except

A) banning the wearing of the fez by men or the traditional Muslim veil by women.
B) giving women the right to vote in 1934.
C) replacing the Shari'ya with a secular civil code.
D) introducing five-year plans to enhance state direction of the economy.
E) making Islam the sole religion of the state.

Question 66

The two goals that anti-imperialist nationalists were forced to choose between were

A) ethnic purity or assimilation.
B) religion or philosophy.
C) urban or rural lifestyles.
D) gender or political equality.
E) modernization or independence.

Question 67

Indian nationalism

A) was initially founded by people who were educated, socially elite urbanites.
B) was sharply divided, Muslim against Buddhist, from the beginning.
C) had an articulate peasant, Sutan Sjahrir, as its first prominent leader.
D) had no organization until the arrival of Gandhi in 1931.
E) was fomented by dissatisfied peasants in the Punjab.

Question 68

The Indian National Congress

A) began as an armed, anti-British guerrilla movement in South India.
B) had leaders who represented both the secular, educated elite, such as Nehru, and those who rejected many Western traditions, such as Gandhi.
C) did not have any of its leaders imprisoned, due to satyagraha, or non-violent resistance.
D) advocated the creation of a separate Muslim state in southern India in 1933 in order to avoid a major split in nationalist ranks.
E) had became hopelessly divided between Nehru's traditionalists and Gandhian modernists by 1936.

Question 69

According to the Balfour Declaration,

A) Britain would recognize the independence of all Arab states.
B) Palestine would be divided equally between Muslims and Jews.
C) all Muslims were to leave Palestine.
D) a Jewish homeland was to be founded in Palestine.
E) all Jews were prohibited from entering Palestine.

Question 70

Nationalist movements

A) all began as traditionalist, religiously based movements.
B) were called "tongs" in China.
C) were usually led by people with extensive knowledge of Western ideas and values.
D) did not begin in Southeast Asia until the 1930s.
E) usually started among elite foreign students on European holiday.

Question 71

The Young Turks

A) were the victims of bad timing, as minority unrest in the Balkans caused the army to step in as well as the desire for ethnic Turks for a Turkish state.
B) were motivated primarily by Islamic zeal.
C) borrowed at least some their ideas from the earlier "Young Greek" movement.
D) established modern Turkey.
E) were exiled to Algeria.

Question 72

The Hindu-dominated nationalist group that was formed in India in 1885 was the

A) Muslim League.
B) New Party.
C) PKI.
D) Bombay Party.
E) Indian National Congress.

Question 73

Most of the early Iranian oil profits went into the hands of

A) the Standard Oil Company.
B) the Shah.
C) French investors.
D) British investors.
E) the Russian government.

Question 74

Many nationalists in European colonies found themselves engulfed in personal turmoil because they

A) were often more Westernized than the countrymen whom they wanted to liberate.
B) had no knowledge of the local traditions.
C) wanted to accept all Western culture.
D) totally rejected any efforts at modernization.
E) were completed undecided about which path to pursue.

Question 75

In appraising the work of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk,one can say that

A) he finally succeeded in unifying Persian society.
B) he maintained a strict Islamic consistency in all aspects of Turkish life.
C) he created a secular Turkish state that embraced many aspects of a modern Western nation.
D) no real change from the traditional Ottoman ways ever occurred under his rule.
E) he retained the Islamic practices that his Ottoman predecessors had adhered to for centuries.

Question 76

All of the following are correct about Iraq except

A) the region had been under Ottoman rule since the seventeenth century.
B) after World War I, the British governed Iraq under a League of Nations "mandate."
C) the British ruled through the minority urban Shi-ite population.
D) a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad became king in 1921.
E) oil was discovered near Kirkuk in 1927.

Question 77

After World War I,

A) Yemen was the dominant state on the Arabian peninsula.
B) Ibn Saud established the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
C) Standard Oil found oil at Tehran.
D) Aramco created an American monopoly of Turkish oil extraction in 1937.
E) the British tried to create a exclusively Jewish state in Palestine.

Question 78

Which of the following is/are correctly paired?

A) harijans-brahmans
B) dhoti-simple garment of coarse homespun cotton
C) New Party-Muslim League
D) Gandhi-Pakistan
E) the British Raj-ahimsa

Question 79

Gandhi

A) was never imprisoned, in spite of his ongoing political activity.
B) wanted to convince the Pakistanis to leave and, at the same time, to enhance Indian unity.
C) used his march to the sea to try to convince Indians to ignore the increased British salt tax.
D) ultimately abandoned his non-violence tactics.
E) supported the British in World War II.

Question 80

Gandhi used the spinning wheel as a symbol of his protest against

A) British religious policies.
B) textile imports from Britain.
C) import duties against wheels of all types.
D) discrimination against Indian women.
E) rickshaw requirements.