Deck 14: Conflict Resolution and Reconciliation

Question 1

Reconciliation refers to:

A)a replacement of negative emotion with positive ones.
B)a retun to a positive relationship between all parties involved
C)a mutually shared agreement between a victim and a perpetrator
D)a mutual acceptance and change in psychological orientation by all parties involved.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The type of integration strategy in which provides for some degree of regional autonomy or statewide confederation or federation is referred to as:

A)Common Governmental Procedures (CGP)
B)contact
C)superordinate identity
D)shared sovereignty strategy

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is the most important predictor of the success of reconciliation and conflic tresolution:

A)the economic status of the groups
B)the psychological state of the parties involved
C)An impartial, professional police force
D)self-governance

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is/are true about the conflict in Guatemala?

A)Mass murder took place indiscriminately in Mayan villages committed by the military and the police force.
B)Guatemala's Mayan population suffered violence on the scale of mass killing, if not genocide, although cultural genocide was certainly intended.
C)There were death squads operative and a campaign of state terror.
D)All of the above

Question 5

After the war in Guatemala, one of the most important aspects of reform was

A)the separation of the police and military institutions
B)the dismantling of the police
C)the military's domain was left to internal security
D)laws designated that the Mayans would make up 39% of the military

Question 6

Successful integration strategies require a number of political and psycological components such as

A)both b&c
B)Integration strategies would have to provide different identity groups in a polity with options for social mobility.
C)Integration strategies would have to provide different identity groups in a policy with social creativity options.
D)Integration strategies would need to stress that adopting a third identity is essential to integration.

Question 7

Which of the following can be true of the police in multinational or multiethnic countries suffering from conflict?

A)often, the police in these deeply divided countries are characterized by bias in law enforcement
B)too often the policy force itself becomes a tool of one ethnic or national group.
C)All of the above
D)they are politicized and identified with the repressive regime

Question 8

Which of the following are true about the contact hypothesis?

A)it can work in a non-supportive environment
B)it proposed increasingly intergoup contact, and exposing people to the complexity of group members
C)b&d
D)intergroup contact provides information that breaks down stereotypes.

Question 9

Which of the following are true of shared sovereignty strategies?

A)People must be confident that the integrity, indeed the very continuity, of their primary identity groups will be secure, for these groups to be resolvable.
B)It accommodates a group's desire to maintain its integrity as an identity group and the primacy of that identity for group members.
C)All of the above
D)Shared sovereignty strategies usually provide for some degree of regional autonomy, or statewide confederation or federation, that is, some form of shared homeland

Question 10

Perspective-taking

A)Involves empathizing with others, experiencing their perspective and the emotions it generates in them.
B)Is a form of one on one intense negotiations
C)Is only used in the United States
D)Has an 100% effectiveness rate

Question 11

Essential features of a utilitarian integration strategy are

A)The closer the distances, the harder and slower integration will be.
B)To satisfy the populations' needs, which requires moving any obstacles to equality of access to important political positions in the country.
C)Involves unimpeded access to state educational institutions and the elimination of any state-sponsored social discrimination, but the speed with which integration develops varies with the social distances between groups.
D)b&c

Question 12

One of the greatest difficulties of the utilitariean integration strategy is:

A)both a&b
B)trying to get groups to remain steadfast in their perceptions of others
C)changin traditional perceptions of groups that have been regarded as inferior
D)getting groups to travel to a neutral venue for negotiations.

Question 13

Which of the following are true of the invasion of Iraq?

A)The Bathist Party was immediately accepted as the body that should remain in power.
B)In March 2003, the United States and coalition partners invaded Iraq under the premise that Saddam Hussein was harboring weapons of mass destruction.
C)b&d
D)The United States established the Coalition Provisional Authority as a governing structure.

Question 14

Which of the following are true about accomplishments of the Truth and Reconciliation Commissions?

A)familites find out what happened to their lost loved ones.
B)victims get an opportunity to express their outgrade, and it is heard.
C)all of the above
D)a country learns about the systems of abuse, that is, who ordered what, when and why.

Question 15

Which of the following is not true about the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)?

A)The TRC gathered testimony from thousands of victims, and included testimony from those abused by the resistance, as well as by the regime.
B)President deKlerk opposed trials of those in the apartheid establishment.
C)The TRC was headed by a hero of the anti-apartheid resistance, Archbishop Desmond Tutu.
D)Nelson Mandela did not believe the commission would be worthwhile.

Question 16

The restoration of a positive relationship between perpetrator and victim wherein negative emotions toward the perpetrator are replaced with positive emotions and prosocial behavior is known as:

A)emotional heality
B)social acceptance
C)reconciliation
D)forgiveness

Question 17

One of the consequences of chronic trauma is:

A)perpetrators are never blamed for the transgressions
B)victims too readily forgive the perpetrators
C)perpetrators always blame the victims
D)That people become disempowered and thus unable to control the circumstances surrounding the trauma

Question 18

Which of the following is not true about perpetrators?

A)They often continue to believe that what they did was the right thing to do.
B)They often continue to see their victims through the negative, dehumanizaing stereotypes.
C)They always feel guilty
D)They often minimize the victim's suffering

Question 19

Conflict often arises in societies because:

A)people want to join groups to oppose an important issue.
B)basic human needs are not being met
C)the need for greed and power are strong
D)people are basically competitive by nature

Question 20

Which of the following is not one of the purposes of war tribunals:

A)to allow war ciminals to continue violence
B)prevention of future violence
C)acknowledgement of the trauma experienced by victims
D)understanding the causes of consequences of the conflift

Question 21

Which of the following best represents the foupr phases of the dialogue process?

A)"What is our primary identity?"; "What is our opponent's primary identity?"; "How can we communicate more effectively?"; "What plans will we make for communication?"; "How will we measure the effectiveness of communication?"
B)"Who are we?"; "What are our goals?"; "How do we accomplish those goals?"; "How can we work together?"
C)"What is the cause of the conflict?"; "What are the consequences of the conflict?"; "How can we fix the conflict?"
D)"Who are we?"; "Where are we?"; "Where do we want to be?"; "What will we do to make a difference?"

Question 22

Which of the following is not true about the International Criminal Court?

A)it oepned up investigations in several African countries
B)is is part of the United Nations
C)it was stood up in 2002
D)it is often referred to as the International Court of Justice

Question 23

Gacaca refers to:

A)A meeting in a central location in Argentina where the accused are publicly tried for their transgressions.
B)A system used in Rwanda where victims tell their stories and the accused admit guilt.
C)The South African judicial system whose role is to resolve conflicts between groups.
D)A fairly corrupt system in El Salvador where juries listen to the accounts of victims and then make decisions about the consequences for the perpetrators.

Question 24

Which of the following were criticisms of the Nuremburg Trials?

A)The crimes defendants were accused of were retroactive, that is, they were not clearly crimes at the time of their commission.
B)They were little more than vengeance by the victors of World War II
C)The laws, procedures, and judges were all selected by the allies, and the victorious allies, who had committed some horrifying acts of violence against civilians
D)All of the above

Question 25

Which of the following were true of the Argentine trials that occurred after the return to civilian rule in 1982?

A)The newly elected president, Raul Alfonsin, ordered nine top level military officers to be tried, five of whom were convicted.
B)b&c
C)Middle and junior ranking officers were not tried.
D)Alfonsin's successor, President Carlos Menem refused to pardon the junior officers.

Question 26

Which of the following are reasons for the use Truth and Reconciliation Commissions?

A)In many cases, families of victims have no idea what happened to their loved ones, and, when perpetrators of violence are granted amnesty, they are more likely to produce vital information about the fates of victims.
B)The number of people involved in one way or another with the commission of violence is so great that the prosecutorial approach would only serve to make impossible reconciliation and the reconstruction of a working political and social system.
C)Guilt and blame are also often difficult to discern.
D)All of the above

Question 27

One of the primary elements of a successful integration strategy is:

A)an admission of guilt from both groups
B)The creation of an overarching identity
C)slowly assimilating one group into the other.
D)allwoing both group s to retain all of the features of their group identity.

Question 28

Which of the following are true about the situation following the U.S. invasion of Iraq

A)All of the above
B)Long festering violence between Sunni and Shiite groups was unleashed.
C)Members of al-Qaida members traveled to Iraq to fight the U.S. invaders, but not only engaged in attacks of U.S. troops and coalition supporters, but also Shiites and Sunni groups.
D)A Shiite dominated government was established, but not all Shiites welcomed the U.S. presence.