Deck 14: Origins of the Intuition of Justice

Question 1

Which theorist wrote A Theory of Justice, which discussed concepts such as the "original position" and "veil of ignorance"?

A) Durkheim
B) Rawls
C) Aristotle
D) Locke

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In Rawls's "original position":

A) humans were "brutal beasts"
B) humans were "noble savages"
C) humans were "mutually disinterested" in one another
D) all the above

Answer 2

C

Question 3

"Treating equals equally and unequals unequally according to relevant differences" is Aristotle's definition of:

A) justice
B) law
C) fairness
D) equality

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Equity theory:

A) is based on the assumption that humans seek to maximize their benefits and minimize their costs
B) asserts that outcomes are just in social relationships when those who have made the largest contributions receive the greatest rewards
C) emphasizes rational judgments of morality and fairness
D) all the above

Question 5

According to the text, we recognize justice because we recognize:

A) injustice
B) fairness
C) equality
D) all the above

Question 6

Evolutionary biologists aver that fairness is motivated by:

A) justice
B) altruism
C) selfishness
D) desire

Question 7

The three founding fathers of sociology are:

A) Durkheim, Rawls, and Locke
B) Durkheim, Marx, and Weber
C) Marx, Rousseau, and Hobbes
D) Locke, Hobbes, and Rawls

Question 8

Acts that are culturally specific are considered:

A) mala prohibita
B) mala in se
C) Part I offenses
D) Part II offenses

Question 9

Experience-expected mechanisms:

A) reflect the brain's ontogenic plasticity
B) depend on experience acquired in the organism's developmental environment
C) are hard-wired and shared by all members of a species and reflect its phylogenic history
D) involve collaboration of genetic and environmental influences across the lifespan

Question 10

Which of the following is the extending of a benefit to another with the unspoken expectation of obtaining a like benefit from the recipient as some later date?

A) selfishness
B) reciprocal altruism
C) empathy
D) cooperation

Question 11

Unconditional cooperators are also known as:

A) grudgers
B) cheats
C) cooperators
D) suckers

Question 12

Chronic cheaters are also known as:

A) grudgers
B) cheats
C) suckers
D) criminals

Question 13

Fairness is a process by which we expect to "make things right."

Question 14

In the unconstrained view, unequal outcomes are considered fair if the process is fair, and the process is fair if everyone is subjected to the same rules and judged by the same standards.

Question 15

Unconstrained visionaries tend to value Kant's deontological ethics whereby only "good" intentions are moral.