Deck 10: The Science Wars and Ideology in Criminology

Question 1

People in the human sciences who believe that it is both possible and desirable to adapt the objectives and methods of the biological sciences to study human behavior operate from a philosophical position called:

A) naturalism
B) structuralism
C) conservatism
D) liberalism

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Ideology:

A) is a coherent pattern of ideas, beliefs, and attitudes
B) forms, shapes, and colors our concepts of crime
C) is a way of looking at the world
D) all the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which philosopher believed that the ultimate reality consisted of eternal "forms" that existed in a transcendental realm?

A) Aristotle
B) Plato
C) Sowell
D) none of the above

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Plato is considered a(n)_______thinker while Aristotle was more of a(n)_________ thinker.

A) analytic, synthetic
B) synthetic, analytic
C) conservative, liberal
D) liberal, conservative

Question 5

Contrary to Plato, _______ thinkers maintain that it is our reasoning that leads us astray more than the sense of data experiences.

A) conservative
B) liberal
C) synthetic
D) analytical

Question 6

Plato most closely aligns with which of the following visions?

A) constrained
B) unconstrained
C) constructivist
D) naturalist

Question 7

___________ visionaries say: "this is how the world is," and _________ visionaries say: "this is how the world should be."

A) Naturalist; constructivist
B) Constructivist; naturalist
C) Unconstrained; constrained
D) Constrained; unconstrained

Question 8

Most ____________ visionaries deny an innate human nature.

A) constrained
B) unconstrained
C) naturalist
D) constructivist

Question 9

Liberals are most closely associated with _________ visionaries, while conservatives are most closely associated with _________ visionaries.

A) constrained; unconstrained
B) unconstrained; constrained
C) naturalist; constructivist
D) constructivist; naturalist

Question 10

Research on American criminologists conducted by Walsh and Ellis (2004) and Cooper, Walsh, and Ellis (2007) found that conservatives tended to favor __________ theories such as biosocial and rational choice.

A) individualistic
B) cultural
C) critical
D) social

Question 11

Which of the following is not one of the heritable components of temperament?

A) mood
B) sociability
C) ideology
D) activity level

Question 12

According to the text, genes account for about ____ percent of our political ideologies.

A) 20
B) 30
C) 40
D) 50

Question 13

According to the text, ideology is one of the biggest barriers we have to obtaining knowledge.

Question 14

All social scientists agree that biological sciences should be used to study human behavior, specifically criminal behavior.

Question 15

According to the text, the unconstrained vision dominates the social sciences.