Deck 3: Ethics in Business Research

Question 1

Codified standards, rules, laws, and regulations are necessary when _____.

A) trust is lacking
B) ethics are lacking
C) employees are unionized
D) employees are non-unionized
E) ethics are present

Answer 1

A

Question 2

_________ is a field of study that addresses the application of moral principles and ethical standards to human actions within the exchange process.

A) Organizational behavior
B) Marketing
C) Human resources management
D) Psychology
E) Business ethics

Answer 2

E

Question 3

___________ responsibilities involve a concern for the way actions affect society or groups of people including employees, customers, and the community.

A) Market
B) Legal
C) Social
D) Business
E) Ethical

Answer 3

C

Question 4

__________ responsibilities involve a concern for making sure that products are produced that consumers actually need and that the prices charged for these products are fair.

A) Market
B) Legal
C) Social
D) Business
E) Ethical

Question 5

_________ are situations when a person is faced with courses of actions that have differing ethical implications.

A) Experiments
B) Business ethics
C) Ethical dilemmas
D) Ethical obligations
E) Quandries

Question 6

Sarah is asked to conduct a research study with respondents, but the purpose is to really collect contact information from the research respondents to be used as sales prospects. She is not comfortable with this because she doesn't like fooling people like this. Sarah is faced with _____.

A) an illegal situation
B) a possibility of losing her job
C) peer pressure
D) an ethical dilemma
E) a violation of a contractual agreement

Question 7

All of the following elements provide pressures and conflicts that produce ethical dilemmas EXCEPT _____.

A) organizational
B) professional
C) individual
D) legal
E) all of the above provide pressures and conflicts that produce ethical dilemmas

Question 8

Professionalism, standards, group goals, prestige, and image are examples of ________ elements that provide pressures, conflicts, and balance with respect to ethical dilemmas.

A) organizational
B) professional
C) individual
D) legal
E) cost-benefit tradeoff

Question 9

Personal beliefs, social influences, peer group pressures, personal goals, and moral values are examples of _________ elements that provide pressures, conflicts, and balance with respect to ethical dilemmas.

A) organizational
B) professional
C) individual
D) legal
E) cost-benefit tradeoff

Question 10

Startup, survival, competition, information needs, profits, and growth are examples of ________ elements that provide pressures, conflicts, and balance with respect to ethical dilemmas.

A) organizational
B) professional
C) individual
D) legal
E) cost-benefit tradeoff

Question 11

All of the following are actions that need to be taken by the researcher before the research project begins EXCEPT _____.

A) The researcher must interview key decision makers to gain a working knowledge of the situation.
B) The researcher must honestly assess his or her capabilities to carry out the project.
C) If the researcher is unable to reach a consensus with the client on the primary research questions, they should probe more or turn down the job.
D) The researcher must communicate exactly what the research will be able to do.
E) The researcher must gain approval from a licensing board to conduct the research.

Question 12

Before the research project, the researcher must communicate exactly what the research will be able to do. This is typically referred to as the _____.

A) project proposal
B) project synopsis
C) project prospectus
D) dummy table
E) project deliverables

Question 13

New technologies introduce ethical dilemmas in the researcher-participant relationship because _____.

A) some respondents are not technologically literate and response bias results from excluding those respondents
B) technology increases the possibility that a research participant's privacy might be violated
C) only those participants with computers can participate
D) of the incompatibility of software between the researcher and participants
E) all of the above

Question 14

All of the following are ethical dimensions of research studies EXCEPT _____.

A) coercing participation
B) potential physical or psychological harm
C) maintaining privacy
D) demand characteristics
E) informing subjects of the nature of the research

Question 15

Using incentives that would result in a subject's current well being to be significantly damaged by choosing not to participate is an example of _____.

A) privacy violation
B) coercion
C) physical harm
D) psychological harm
E) an ethics violation

Question 16

With respect to ensuring respondents' freedom from harm, two questions can serve as a useful guide in determining whether or not a research design is ethical. One question is, "Is it impossible to restore the subject to his or her original condition?" and the other is _____.

A) Has the subject been exposed to unreasonable stress or risk without his or her knowledge?
B) Are subjects aware of the treatment received by others?
C) Are subjects anonymous?
D) Is the subject aware that he or she is participating in a research study?
E) Will subjects be properly debriefed immediately after participating in the research study?

Question 17

_________ are short phone calls used to spread negative and often false information about a candidate or issue under the guise of a poll.

A) Push polls
B) Experimental treatments
C) Short polls
D) Quick polls
E) Biased polls

Question 18

Carl receives a phone call from a polling organization asking his participation in a political opinion poll. He agrees to participate and is asked to indicate his opinion regarding the following question, "How favorable or unfavorable would your opinion be of the Republican candidate if you knew he was arrested for drunk driving three times in the past ten years?" Carl is most likely participating in a(n) _____.

A) opinion poll
B) push poll
C) biased poll
D) illegal poll
E) Zogby poll

Question 19

A(n) ________ is an inert substance used in place of another being tested for effectiveness.

A) fake treatment
B) interaction
C) placard
D) placebo
E) debrief

Question 20

A researcher was examining the impact of adding powdered vitamin mixes to bottled water on consumers' health. Some study participants, however, received a powder mix that did not contain any vitamins, only the lemonade flavoring used in the vitamin mix. This group received a(n) _____.

A) fake treatment
B) placebo
C) secondary treatment
D) ancillary
E) variable

Question 21

__________ takes place after an experimental session is complete and involves revealing the true purpose of the experiment, the sponsor of the experiment, and generally a question-and-answer session.

A) Desensitizing
B) Sanitizing
C) Debriefing
D) Follow-up
E) Restoration

Question 22

John has just completed participating in an experiment, and now the researcher is explaining the true purpose of the experiment as well as telling him who is the sponsor of the experiment. He is allowed to ask questions of the researcher at this point. John is receiving a _____.

A) desensitizing
B) sanitizing
C) debriefing
D) follow-up
E) restoration

Question 23

A(n) _____performs a review of research using human participants, checking procedures to make sure all participants are treated ethically.

A) research review committee
B) human resources review committee
C) government agency
D) business research review committee
E) experimental review committee

Question 24

All of the following are ethical obligations of the client EXCEPT _____.

A) should participate fully and openly with the researcher
B) has an obligation to pay the researcher fully and on time, regardless of the results
C) should give genuine consideration to the research results
D) sets the time frame and budget for the project
E) should develop as complete an understanding of the research as the researcher has

Question 25

All of the following are ethical obligations of the research participant EXCEPT _____.

A) voluntary participation
B) faithful participation
C) honesty
D) privacy
E) technological competence

Question 26

_____ are preliminary questions that qualify participants as valid sample members.

A) Initial questions
B) Pre-participation questions
C) Voluntary questions
D) Source questions
E) Screening questions

Question 27

Unethical actions usually result in a breakdown in responsibility during the research process. This usually means that business decisions will be based on untrustworthy information, which is potentially bad for _____.

A) customers
B) shareholders
C) employees
D) the families of employees, customers, and shareholders
E) all of the above

Question 28

All of the following are key fundamentals laid out in the international code of practice developed by the European Society for Opinion and Marketing Research (ESOMAR) and the International Chamber of Commerce EXCEPT _____.

A) Researchers shall never allow personal data collected in a research project to be used for any other purpose.
B) Researchers shall conform to all relevant national and international laws.
C) Researchers shall take special care when carrying out research among children and young people.
D) Researchers shall not conduct any research that involves any form of deception.
E) Researchers shall behave ethically and shall not do anything which might damage the reputation of the research profession.

Question 29

A(n) _____ is a list of questions that can be useful in guiding decision making.

A) research checklist
B) human resources checklist
C) ethics checklist
D) research proposal checklist
E) pre-research checklist

Question 30

Which of the following is a consideration when designing a strategy for obtaining access to research respondents?

A) the nature of the research question and adopted research design
B) the source(s) from which data is required
C) gaining access to the source(s)
D) a plan for collecting data
E) all of the above

Question 31

Which of the following is an obstacle to accessing key sources for data?

A) little or no opportunity of direct access to key informants
B) the overall impression formed of the researcher
C) lack of credibility and perceived value of the research
D) the sensitive nature of the research questions
E) all of the above

Question 32

All of the following should be included in a letter or presentation to potential participants to encourage participation EXCEPT _____.

A) purpose of the research
B) manner in which sensitivity and confidentiality will be dealt with
C) credentials and affiliation of the researcher
D) design of the research
E) usefulness of the findings

Question 33

Business ethical standards are no longer an issue due to transparency in modern business activities.

Question 34

Social responsibilities include concern for the way that the actions of a business can affect society or groups of people.

Question 35

Market responsibility means a concern for making sure that products will not harm consumers and that prices are fair.

Question 36

Researchers have a duty to act in a truthful and ethical manner with their study subjects.

Question 37

Researchers have the luxury of choosing how to report data - either at a personal, identifiable level or at an aggregated, anonymized level.

Question 38

An Institutional Review Board (IRB) only has the power to approve an initial research project.

Question 39

Research study participants do not have a responsibility to be truthful in their answers during a study.

Question 40

Ethics checklists can be useful in helping with decision making.

Question 41

Researchers have to act to ensure that research is not hindered from gaining respondents.

Question 42

Lack of interest in the research may be a barrier to obtaining data from participants.

Question 43

Define business ethics and discuss the responsibilities business researchers face.

Question 44

Discuss the ethical obligations of the client.

Question 45

Discuss the ethical obligations of research participants.

Question 46

Discuss issues in obtaining access to research participants and considerations the researcher must take into account regarding access.

Question 47

Discuss the ethical obligations of the researcher.

Question 48

Identify and describe the four ethical issues regarding the researcher-participant relationship relevant to research studies.

Question 49

A business researcher is designing a study to examine the effect of pre- and post-evaluation counseling with employees of a major consumer packaged goods company. Discuss obstacles this researcher may encounter when trying to access employees for the study and make suggestions as to how this researcher may be able to overcome these barriers.