Deck 16: Psychological Research and Design

Question 1

Which of the following are key features of science?

A) Controlled observations, relatively objective data, testing theoretical predictions, falsifiability, replicability of findings, absence of a paradigm
B) Controlled observations, relatively subjective data, testing theoretical predictions, falsifiability, replicability of findings, use of a paradigm
C) Controlled observations, relatively objective data, testing theoretical predictions, falsifiability, replicability of findings, use of a paradigm
D) Controlled observations, relatively objective data, accepting theoretical predictions, falsifiability, replicability of findings, use of a paradigm
E) None of these

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The objectivity of science and scientists is questioned by their:

A) Culture and expectations
B) Culture and age
C) Age and expectations
D) All of these
E) None of these

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Popper believed that falsifiability in science is:

A) An essential factor
B) A non-essential factor
C) A limiting factor
D) A confounding factor
E) An irrelevant factor

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Research findings need to be replicable in order to be the basis for:

A) Pilot studies
B) Publication
C) Validity
D) Statistical analysis
E) Theory construction

Question 5

Kuhn's (1970) stages of scientific development are:

A) Pre-science, normal science, and innovatory science
B) Proto-science, normal science, and revolutionary science
C) Pre-science, normal science, and rotating science
D) Pre-science, natural science, and revolutionary science
E) Pre-science, normal science, and revolutionary science

Question 6

Kuhn claimed that psychology was in the:

A) Non-science stage
B) Proto-science stage
C) Pre-science stage
D) Innovatory science stage
E) Natural science stage

Question 7

Psychology is missing full possession of:

A) Theories
B) Paradigms
C) Research studies
D) Hypotheses
E) Controlled observations

Question 8

Which of the following research methods are experiments?

A) Laboratory experiments, field experiments, case studies, natural experiments
B) Laboratory experiments, field experiments, quasi-experiments, natural observations
C) Laboratory experiments, content analysis, quasi-experiments, natural experiments
D) Laboratory experiments, field experiments, quasi-experiments, natural experiments
E) Laboratory experiments, field experiments, quasi-experiments, correlational analysis

Question 9

Non-experimental research methods include:

A) Controlled and naturalistic observations
B) Questionnaires and case studies
C) Correlational analysis and case studies
D) Interviews and questionnaires
E) All of these

Question 10

Sampling where every participant in the target population has an equal chance of being selected is known as:

A) Volunteer
B) Opportunity
C) Random
D) Systematic
E) None of these

Question 11

Pilot studies are used as a small-scale trial run to:

A) All of these
B) None of these
C) Check the procedure
D) Check for clarity
E) Check for ambiguity

Question 12

External reliability can be checked by:

A) Inter-rater test
B) Split-half test
C) Test-retest
D) External test
E) Internal test

Question 13

External validity includes:

A) Temporal validity
B) Population validity
C) Ecological validity
D) None of these
E) All of these

Question 14

One issue not addressed by the BPS ethical guidelines is:

A) Media influence
B) Deception
C) Confidentiality
D) Informed consent
E) Protection from psychological harm

Question 15

Procedures recommended to support good ethical practice include:

A) Cost-benefit analysis, debriefing, and prior general consent
B) The right to withdraw, debriefing, and prior general consent
C) The right to withdraw, retrospective consent, and prior general consent
D) The right to withdraw, debriefing, and presumptive consent
E) All of these

Question 16

Levels of data are:

A) Nominal, ordinal, even, ratio
B) Prime, ordinal, interval, ratio
C) Nominal, odd, interval, ratio
D) Nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio
E) Nominal, ordinal, interval, squared

Question 17

The middle score out of all the participants' scores is known as the:

A) Mode
B) Median
C) Average
D) Mean
E) Middle

Question 18

Descriptive statistical techniques include:

A) Frequency polygons
B) Scattergraphs and tables
C) Bar charts and histograms
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 19

Statistical tests are based on:

A) Ethical practice and level of data
B) Level of data and sampling method
C) Level of data and research design
D) Research design and ethical practice
E) Sampling method and research design

Question 20

Reporting psychological research uses the following format in which order?

A) Abstract, introduction, method, results, discussion, appendices, references
B) Abstract, introduction, method, results, discussion, references, appendices
C) Abstract, method, introduction, results, discussion, references, appendices
D) Introduction, abstract, method, results, discussion, references, appendices
E) Appendices, introduction, method, results, discussion, references, abstract