Deck 7: Crime, Law, and Deviance

Question 1

This refers to all actions or behaviors that defy social norms.

A) crime
B) deviance
C) taboos
D) mores

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Wearing a white dress as a guest to a wedding is an example of ______.

A) crime
B) deviance
C) taboos
D) mores

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following relationships is true?

A) All things that are deviant are crimes.
B) All crimes are acts of deviance.
C) Not all deviant acts are criminal acts.
D) both "all things that are deviant are crimes" and "all crimes are acts of deviance"

Answer 3

C

Question 4

This refers to laws, practices, and behaviors that preserve and (re)create societal benefits that benefit people identified as white.

A) white privilege
B) racial hierarchy
C) racial stratification
D) black privilege

Question 5

The idea that parents of white children do not have to worry as much that their children will be the target of police brutality compared to parents of minority children illustrates ______.

A) colorblindness
B) white privilege
C) deviance
D) mores

Question 6

This includes norms and institutions that obscure the racial intent of laws.

A) racial hierarchy
B) white privilege
C) systemic genocide
D) white normative structures

Question 7

The colonial laws related to sexual behavior that were differentially applied to white men and black women illustrate ______.

A) racial hierarchy
B) white privilege
C) systemic genocide
D) both "racial hierarchy" and "white privilege"

Question 8

The colonial laws related to sexual behavior, which stated that white women could lose their status if they engaged in a sexual relationship with an African, Indian, or Asian man, illustrate ______.

A) gender bias
B) colorblindness
C) white privilege
D) both "gender bias" and "white privilege"

Question 9

This refers to the awareness of race shared by members of both a group and the wider society.

A) race consciousness
B) black privilege
C) colorblindness
D) white privilege

Question 10

The 1790 Naturalization Law ______.

A) granted citizenship to refugees without criminal records
B) limited citizenship to immigrants who were "free white persons of good character"
C) only granted citizenship to children whose fathers were U.S. residents
D) both "limited citizenship to immigrants who were 'free white persons of good character'" and "only granted citizenship to children whose fathers were U.S. residents"

Question 11

These were organized groups of white men with police powers used to systematically regulate a specific population by enforcing the Slaves Codes.

A) slave police
B) slave patrols
C) military
D) Ku Klux Klan

Question 12

Which of the following is true for males of color?

A) They are most likely to racially profiled by the police.
B) They are most likely to receive the stiffest sentencing from the court.
C) They are most likely to be incarcerated.
D) all of these

Question 13

This includes the use of law enforcement and private security to target people of color for ridicule, extensive policing, detentions, interrogations, searches and seizures often with no evidence of criminal activity.

A) racial profiling
B) genocide
C) gentrification
D) none of these

Question 14

The YouTube video "Driving While Black" depicts the frequency with which Black men are targeted for investigation by law enforcement. Which practice does this highlight?

A) racial profiling
B) genocide
C) gentrification
D) community policing

Question 15

People have reported that they felt as though racial profiling was used at ______.

A) traffic stops by the police
B) airport security checkpoints
C) the store
D) all of these

Question 16

Which of the following practices demonstrates the danger of racial profiling?

A) stop-and-frisk policies
B) community policing
C) D.U.I. safety checkpoints
D) both "community policing" and "D.U.I. safety checkpoints"

Question 17

______ is viewed as the father of modern criminology.

A) Karl Marx
B) Cesare Lombroso
C) Robert Merton
D) Max Weber

Question 18

Which of the following did Lombroso associate with a person being a more primitive form of human being, inclining them toward deviance?

A) body type
B) face shape
C) size of ears
D) all of these

Question 19

The ______ approach to deviance situated human behavior within the social structure external to the individual.

A) biosocial
B) psychological
C) ecological
D) bio-psycho social

Question 20

Which of the following is a strand of theory that derived from the ecological approach to crime and deviance?

A) disorganization theory
B) culture of poverty theory
C) broken windows theory
D) all of these

Question 21

This theory of deviance links crime to neighborhood ecological patterns.

A) social disorganization
B) culture of poverty
C) cultural conflict
D) broken windows

Question 22

This theory of deviance proposes that differences in criminal involvement among groups results from their differential definitions of criminality.

A) social disorganization
B) culture of poverty
C) differential association
D) broken windows

Question 23

This approach to deviance views poverty as a set of choice made by unwed mothers that perpetuate crime, deviance, and other pathologies across generations.

A) social disorganization
B) culture of poverty
C) differential association
D) broken windows

Question 24

This theory of deviance argued that a significant way of decreasing serious crime was to halt vandalism.

A) social disorganization
B) culture of poverty
C) differential association
D) broken windows

Question 25

This theory of crime proposes that racism produces stressful events and environments that lead to negative emotional experiences that can lead to crime.

A) social disorganization theory
B) general strain theory
C) differential association theory
D) broken windows theory

Question 26

According to general strain theory, criminal behavior can be buffered by ______.

A) coping skills
B) family support
C) self-esteem
D) all of these

Question 27

According to general strain theory, these types of emotional reactions can lead to criminal behavior.

A) anger
B) fear
C) depression
D) all of these

Question 28

This occurs when a system of inequality based on race, often within institutional settings such as police, prisons, or court systems, are often associated with differential outcomes in crime and deviance.

A) systemic racism
B) systemic genocide
C) systemic colorblindness
D) systemic black privilege

Question 29

The fact that people of color are more likely to be victims of police abuse, racial profiling, and differential criminal sanctioning illustrates this concept.

A) systemic racism
B) systemic genocide
C) systemic colorblindness
D) systemic black privilege

Question 30

Systemic racism includes the fact that more people of color are more likely to be the victims of ______.

A) police abuse
B) racial profiling
C) differential criminal sanctioning
D) all of these

Question 31

Sociologists consider this to be a structural inequality.

A) racism
B) social isolation
C) genetic makeup
D) both "racism" and "social isolation"

Question 32

According to sociologists, ______ may lead to a culture of poverty.

A) racism
B) differential educational funding
C) lack of opportunities
D) all of these

Question 33

This refers to the policies that target and greatly expand the U.S. inmate population.

A) prison-industrial complex
B) community policing
C) recidivism
D) parole

Question 34

The most significant increase in the adverse treatment of men of color occurred after the election of this U.S. president, after which voters and politicians decided to get "tough on crime."

A) Richard Nixon
B) Ronald Regan
C) Bill Clinton
D) Henry Ford

Question 35

This occurs when some individuals and groups are systemically signaled out and declared deviant by virtue of being in that particular group.

A) differential association
B) differential labeling
C) systemic racism
D) genocide

Question 36

Differential labeling is a persistently held belief within the United States that ______.

A) blacks and Hispanics are more prone to crime
B) blacks and Hispanics are more prone to disorder
C) blacks and Hispanics are more likely to live in undesirable neighborhoods
D) all of these

Question 37

This type of crime is defined as the use of violence and intimidation to further stigmatize and marginalize disenfranchised individuals and groups.

A) hate crimes
B) property crimes
C) white collar crimes
D) organized crimes

Question 38

The "Hate Crime Statistics Bill" was first introduced in ______.

A) 1990
B) 1985
C) 2005
D) 1973

Question 39

Roughly what percentage of reported hate crimes in 2014 were racially motivated?

A) 50
B) 75
C) 25
D) 85

Question 40

What percentage of racially motivated hate crimes in 2014 were against people?

A) 95
B) 80
C) 75
D) 63

Question 41

This is the most common type of violent crime on college campuses.

A) rape
B) attempted murder
C) armed robbery
D) assault

Question 42

Across the United States, it is estimated that one in ______ women will be raped at some point in their lives.

A) 10
B) 15
C) 5
D) 7

Question 43

Across our country, it is estimated that one in ______ men will be raped at some point in their lives.

A) 60
B) 71
C) 27
D) 90

Question 44

The highest percentage of sexual assaults on campuses involve this group of students.

A) LGBT students
B) black women
C) Asian women
D) Hispanic women

Question 45

Which of the following is an operation of urban gangs?

A) human trafficking
B) alien smuggling
C) prostitution
D) all of these

Question 46

Which of the following were identified as major recruitment pools for gangs?

A) within prison walls
B) in the military
C) internationally in places like Central America, Africa, Europe, China and the Middle East
D) all of these

Question 47

What function does a racial or ethnic gang serve?

A) provides a sense of belonging
B) provides a sense of protection
C) provides resources
D) all of these

Question 48

Gang membership may serve as a defensive response to perceived or real threats posed by ______.

A) social disorganization
B) economic disadvantage
C) high levels of racial conflict
D) all of these

Question 49

This is the type of crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his or her occupation.

A) white collar crime
B) institutional crime
C) disorganized crime
D) organized crime

Question 50

Which of the following is true of homicide in the United States?

A) Homicide is the leading cause of death for black males between the ages of 15 and 24.
B) Homicide is the second leading cause of death for Hispanic males between the ages of 15 and 24.
C) Black males are eight times more likely to be homicide victims compared to their white counterparts.
D) all of these

Question 51

What percent of people of death row are either black or Latino(a)?

A) 37
B) 87
C) 65
D) 54

Question 52

Which category of people have constituted almost 20% of new admissions to death row since 2009?

A) blacks
B) whites
C) Muslims
D) Hispanics

Question 53

This theory suggests that the increase of female incarceration is partly due to the idea that women are minor players caught up in the criminal activities of their boyfriends.

A) broken windows theory
B) culture of poverty
C) girlfriend theory
D) differential association theory

Question 54

Which of the following is true of incarceration rates in 2014?

A) 1% of Hispanic men were incarcerated
B) .5% of white men were incarcerated
C) about 3% of black men were incarcerated
D) all of these

Question 55

Which of the following is true regarding the rate of incarceration in the United States?

A) Black females are twice as likely as white females to be incarcerated.
B) Black males between the ages of 18 and 19 are nine times more likely to be imprisoned than their white counterparts.
C) One percent of Hispanic males were incarcerated in 2014.
D) all of these are correct

Question 56

DNA evidence has been used to help overturn wrongful convictions.

Question 57

The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that sentencing juveniles to life without parole for homicide convictions is acceptable and does NOT constitute cruel and unusual punishment.

Question 58

In the colony of Jamestown, white women could lose their status if they engaged in a sexual relationship with African, Asian, or Indian men.

Question 59

Jim Crow laws held sway across the United States from the 1880s into the 1960s.

Question 60

Our earliest and most systematic attempts to understand deviance is linked to biology.

Question 61

Lombroso argued that crime and deviance are biologically determined.

Question 62

This are no consistent data that record police killings of civilians across the country.

Question 63

The key force driving mass incarceration in the United States is the war on drugs.

Question 64

Black females are more than twice as likely as white females to be incarcerated.

Question 65

Regarding criminal activity, drugs such as oxycodone, hydrocodone, and codeine are now outpacing heroin and cocaine combined.

Question 66

Discuss two specific examples of gender bias in early American history.

Question 67

Describe the concept of "double-bind" as it applies to African American men.

Question 68

Discuss the controversial practice of racial profiling.

Question 69

Identify and discuss one approach to studying the likelihood that a person will become deviant.

Question 70

Identify and discuss one ecological perspective on crime.