Deck 4: Freedom of Speech

Question 1

Mill defends which of the following liberty-limiting principles?

A) the harm principle
B) the offense principle
C) the principle of legal paternalism
D) the principle of legal moralism

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Mill defends the harm principle on the basis of which moral theory?

A) Kantian moral theory
B) Utilitarianism
C) The ethics of prima facie duty
D) Social contract theory

Answer 2

B

Question 3

According to Mill, censoring speech that is possibly true

A) violates human dignity.
B) fails a prima facie duty of honesty.
C) is tantamount to asserting that you are infallible.
D) is a risk worth taking of the speech is dangerous enough.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Mill argues on that even a false opinion should not be censored because

A) no one actually knows anything.
B) you don't really know the true view unless you can explain why false views are false.
C) you don't really know whether or not anything is false.
D) All of the above.

Question 5

Mill considers which of the following cases?

A) censoring an opinion that is true.
B) censoring an opinion that is false.
C) censoring an opinion that is partly true and partly false.
D) All of the above.

Question 6

On Mill's view, the collision with error makes

A) the impression of truth all the clearer.
B) the impression of error all the clearer.
C) the impression of distinct ideas clear.
D) the impression of the state's paternal authority clear.

Question 7

Mill worries that viewpoints are likely to become meaningless if they are not

A) understood in the context of the opposing viewpoint.
B) enforced paternalistically by the state.
C) accepting as dogma or doctrine on the part of those who believe them.
D) none of the above.

Question 8

Richardson-Self discusses which of the following kinds of speech?

A) hate speech
B) misogynistic speech
C) sexist speech
D) all of the above

Question 9

Hate speech, according to Richardson-Self involves

A) only violence
B) violence and oppression in the form of subordination, exploitation, and cultural imperialism.
C) only forms of oppression like subordination, exploitation, and cultural imperialism.
D) none of the above

Question 10

According to Kate Manne, sexism involves

A) the patriarchy-reinforcing naturalization of sex differences.
B) the belief that men and women are different.
C) coercive mechanisms to enforce patriarchy.
D) violent oppression.

Question 11

According to Kate Manne, misogyny involves

A) the patriarchy-reinforcing naturalization of sex differences.
B) coercive mechanisms to enforce patriarchy.
C) an attack on all women as a group.
D) no significant difference with sexism.

Question 12

Richardson-Self argues that sexist speech

A) is always hate speech, because it involves violence.
B) is not always hate speech, because it does not involve violence
C) is always hate speech, because it does not involves violence.
D) I s not always hate speech, because it always involves violence.

Question 13

Which of the following are forms of misogynist speech according to Richardson-Self?

A) Interdivisional misogynist speech
B) Intradivisional misogynist speech
C) Interpersonal misogynist speech
D) A and B only

Question 14

Some forms of misogynist speech only target a subset of women. Richardson-Self argues that we should

A) deny that subsets of women can be the targets of hate speech.
B) say that this speech is merely sexist speech.
C) consider such speech hate speech.
D) understand misogynistic speech as akin to other forms of oppressive speech against racial minorities.

Question 15

According to Altman, expressive harm is

A) a causal consequence of hate speech.
B) a harm that derives from the kind of attitude expressed in the act of hate speech.
C) both A and B
D) neither A nor B

Question 16

According to Altman, justifications of speech codes that take account of which of the following kinds of harm have the best prospects for success?

A) causal harm
B) expressive harm
C) both causal and expressive harm
D) auxiliary harm

Question 17

In Altman's terminology, which of the following would qualify as "low value" speech in a university context?

A) hate speech couched in the discourse of science
B) the use of a racial epithet by one student directed at another
C) both A and B
D) neither A nor B

Question 18

Altman believes that there are significant difficulties associated with defending a pro-censorship position based solely on claims of which of the following kinds of harm?

A) expressive harm
B) causal harm
C) physical harm
D) intentional harm

Question 19

Critics of speech codes adopted in the 1980s and early 1990s argued that these codes violated which of the following principles?

A) freedom of speech
B) freedom of the press
C) right to bear arms
D) right to privacy

Question 20

In Altman's characterization, racial epithets and similar terms of abuse are communicative tools for expressing an extreme form of which of the following?

A) moral blame
B) moral praise
C) moral contempt
D) none of the above

Question 21

Which of the following objections to adopting speech codes does Altman discuss?

A) Speech codes encourage bigotry.
B) Speech codes treat hate speakers with less than equal consideration.
C) Speech codes result in causal harms.
D) all of the above

Question 22

According to Altman, a viewpoint-biased speech restriction should be troubling to whom?

A) those who value a strong right to privacy
B) those who value strong protections for freedom of speech
C) those who don't value strong protection for freedom of speech
D) those who value equal educational opportunity

Question 23

Lukianoff and Haidt argue that American colleges and universities now encourage

A) emotional reasoning.
B) critical reasoning.
C) reflective reasoning.
D) all of the above.

Question 24

According to Lukianoff and Haidt, institutionalizing vindictive protectiveness will

A) encourage students to think pathologically.
B) ill-prepare them for the workforce.
C) harm their ability to learn.
D) all of the above.

Question 25

Lukianoff and Haidt argue that trigger warnings involve which kind of pathological thinking?

A) fortune-telling
B) blaming
C) dichotomous thinking
D) resentment

Question 26

Lukianoff and Haidt postulate that social media

A) has contributed to the rise of vindictive protectiveness.
B) has helped to combat the rise of vindictive protectiveness.
C) shifted the balance of power between students and professors.
D) Both A and C

Question 27

The goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy is to

A) build grit.
B) minimize distorted thinking.
C) reward good behavior.
D) achieve stoic wisdom.

Question 28

According to Lukianoff and Haidt, the recent trend to uncover microaggressions encourages

A) students to confabulate reasons.
B) the pursuit of justice by marking out racism, sexism, and classism.
C) labeling, by assigning global negative traits to persons.
D) universities to bear overly burdensome legal obligations.

Question 29

Lukianoff and Haidt argue that the disinvitation of certain speakers

A) is an example of mental filtering.
B) will only serve to promote intellectual homogeneity on college and universities.
C) will encourage students to disregard positive aspects of a person's history.
D) All of the above.

Question 30

One suggestion that Lukianoff and Haidt make to challenge vindictive protectiveness is

A) have colleges and universities officially and strongly discourage trigger warnings.
B) to defund the Department of Education.
C) to promote greater understanding of historical and contemporary oppression.
D) none of the above.

Question 31

Mill is a paternalist about state authority.

Question 32

On Mill's view, a state cannot be called free unless it observes liberty of conscience.

Question 33

According to Mill, the harm principle applies to all persons regardless of maturity or mental faculty.

Question 34

Mill believes that errors and falsehoods spread by public debate and the expression of ideas.

Question 35

Mill asserts a sovereign right of a person over his or her body and mind.

Question 36

Richardson-Self argues that we do not have a need for a separate analysis of hate speech against
women.

Question 37

Marginalization is not a form of oppression on Richardson-Self's view.

Question 38

Hate speech, according to Richardson-Self, is characteristically hostile.

Question 39

Richardson-Self accepts the view that misogyny involves the coercive enforcement of patriarchal social norms.

Question 40

Richardson-Self's agrees with Kate Manne's analysis that sexism divides men from women and misogyny divides "good" from "bad" women.

Question 41

According to Altman, it's easy to justify speech codes solely on the basis of the harmful causal effects of hate speech.

Question 42

Altman believes that the function of the university would not be seriously compromised by the prohibition of works that convey bigoted ideas and views.

Question 43

According to Altman, the university's role as a "testing ground for claims to knowledge" makes it difficult for advocates of speech codes to justify those codes solely by appeal to the harmful causal consequences of hate speech.

Question 44

Altman thinks that the only form of harm done by the flying of the Confederate flag over Alabama's capitol was causal harm.

Question 45

Lukianoff and Haidt suggest that cognitive-behavioral therapy is like a modern take on Stoic and Buddhist wisdom.

Question 46

Lukianoff and Haidt argue that restrictive speech codes should be abandoned.

Question 47

A microaggression, on Lukianoff and Haidt's view, involves actual violence.

Question 48

One solution Lukianoff and Haidt suggest for colleges and universities to deal with vindictive protectiveness is to teach students cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Question 49

Lukianoff and Haidt are in favor of certain forms of speech censorship.

Question 50

Altman thinks that speech codes are expressive affirmations of racial equality.

Question 51

According to Mill, the state can only interfere in the business of persons if it is to prevent _________ to others.

Question 52

Mill asserts an absolute freedom of opinion on _________ subjects.

Question 53

Mill's view of freedom is that the only thing which deserves the name freedom is that of pursuing our own _________ in our own way.

Question 54

To silence a viewpoint is the same as, Mill says, asserting that one is _________ .

Question 55

The real meaning of an opinion on a subject, Mill worries, is lost in the absence of _________.

Question 56

Oppressive violence is _________ as it targets persons because of their group status, rather than at random or as individuals.

Question 57

_________ is a systematic feature of patriarchal social environments, in which women face hostility because they fail to live up to patriarchal norms.

Question 58

Because sexist speech does not involve _________, Richardson-Self argues that it is not hate speech.

Question 59

Richardson-Self argues that hate speech towards a group does not require that the targeted marginal group be marked out for _________ or mass genocide.

Question 60

On Richardson-Self's analysis of misogynistic hate speech, such speech has the upshot of keeping all women down by attacking only a _________of them.

Question 61

Lukianoff and Haidt define _________ as "small actions or word choices that seem on their face to have no malicious intent but that are thought of as a kind of violence nonetheless."

Question 62

_________ is the distorted thinking pattern in which we exaggerate the importance of things.

Question 63

Trigger warnings, on Lukianoff and Haidt's view, only reinforce fear. Instead, we could think about how _________ therapy

Question 64

Lukianoff and Haidt suggest that because it is unacceptable in academic circles to _________ the victim, it becomes nearly impossible to question the reasonableness of someone's emotional state.

Question 65

According to Altman, it's difficult to justify _________ solely on the basis of the harmful causal effects of hate speech.

Question 66

_________ is a means of combating the harms of hate speech, which consists in speaking out against the bigoted attitudes of hate speakers.

Question 67

According to Altman, the flying of the Confederate flag over Alabama's capitol constituted a(n) _________ harm to blacks.

Question 68

Altman thinks that a speech code must be _________ drawn to be justifiable.

Question 69

As Altman notes, taking account of the expressive power of racial epithets involves some departure from the principle that restrictions on speech should be _________.

Question 70

In Altman's characterization, racial epithets are communicative tools for expressing an extreme form of moral _________.